Myocarditis - yara

Myocarditis na yara shine kumburi na tsokar zuciya a cikin jariri ko ƙaramin yaro.

Myocarditis ba safai ake samun sa ba a yara. Ba a san shi ba kaɗan a cikin yara da manya. Yana da yawa mafi muni a cikin jarirai da yara ƙanana fiye da yara sama da shekaru 2.

Mafi yawan lokuta a yara ana samunsu ne ta hanyar kwayar cutar da take kaiwa zuciya. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da:

• Mura (mura) ƙwayar cuta
• Kwayar Coxsackie
• Parovirus
• Adenovirus

Hakanan ƙila zai iya faruwa ta hanyar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta kamar su cutar Lyme.

Sauran dalilan cututtukan yara na yara sun hada da:

• Maganin rashin lafiyan wasu magunguna
• Bayyanawa ga sunadarai a cikin muhalli
• Kamuwa da cuta saboda naman gwari ko parasites
• Radiation
• Wasu cututtuka (cututtukan autoimmune) waɗanda ke haifar da kumburi cikin jiki
• Wasu kwayoyi

Musclewayar zuciya na iya lalacewa kai tsaye ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta da ke sa ta. Amsar garkuwar jiki na iya lalata ƙwayar tsoka (da ake kira myocardium) a yayin yaƙi da kamuwa da cuta. Wannan na iya haifar da bayyanar cututtukan zuciya.

Kwayar cututtukan na iya zama da sauki a farko kuma da wahalar ganowa. Wani lokaci a cikin jarirai da jarirai, alamun cututtuka na iya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Damuwa
• Rashin bunƙasa ko ƙarancin nauyi
• Matsalolin ciyarwa
• Zazzabi da sauran alamun kamuwa da cuta
• Rashin aiki
• Urinearancin fitsari (alamar rage aikin koda)
• Kodadde, hannaye masu sanyi da ƙafafu (alamar rashin kyau wurare dabam dabam)
• Saurin numfashi
• Saurin bugun zuciya

Kwayar cututtuka a cikin yara sama da shekaru 2 na iya haɗawa da:

• Ciwon ciki da tashin zuciya
• Ciwon kirji
• Tari
• Gajiya
• Kumburi (edema) a kafafu, kafafu, da fuska

Myocarditis na yara na iya zama da wuyar ganewa saboda alamomi da alamomin suna yawan yin kama da na sauran cututtukan zuciya da huhu, ko kuma mummunar cutar mura.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya jin saurin bugun zuciya ko sautunan zuciya mara kyau yayin sauraren kirjin yaro tare da stethoscope.

Gwajin jiki na iya nuna:

• Ruwa a cikin huhu da kumburi a ƙafafun yara ƙanana.
• Alamomin kamuwa da cuta, ciki har da zazzabi da rashes.

X-ray na kirji na iya nuna kara girma (kumburi) na zuciya. Idan mai bayarwa yana zargin cutar myocarditis dangane da gwaji da kuma kirjin kirji, ana iya yin kwayar cutar ta lantarki don taimakawa wajen gano cutar.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za a iya buƙata sun haɗa da:

• Al'adun jini don bincika kamuwa da cuta
• Gwajin jini don neman rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin zuciya kanta
• Gwajin jini don bincika aikin hanta da koda
• Kammala lissafin jini
• Bincike na zuciya (hanya mafi dacewa don tabbatar da cutar, amma ba koyaushe ake buƙata ba)
• Gwaje-gwaje na musamman don bincika kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin jini (kwayar cutar PCR)

Babu magani ga cutar sankarar iska. Inflammationonewar ƙwayar tsoka sau da yawa zai tafi da kansa.

Makasudin magani shine tallafawa aikin zuciya har sai kumburin ya tafi. Yara da yawa da ke cikin wannan halin suna kwance a asibiti. Aiki yawanci yana buƙatar iyakance yayin da zuciya ke ƙonewa saboda yana iya sanya zuciyar.

Jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin rigakafi don yaƙi da kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta
• Magungunan anti-kumburi da ake kira steroids don sarrafa kumburi
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), wani magani ne wanda aka sanya shi daga abubuwa (wanda ake kira antibodies) wanda jiki ke samarwa don yakar kamuwa da cuta, don sarrafa tsarin kumburi
• Taimakon injiniya ta amfani da inji don taimakawa aikin zuciya (a cikin mawuyacin yanayi)
• Magunguna don magance alamomin gazawar zuciya
• Magunguna don magance raɗaɗin zuciya mara kyau

Saukewa daga myocarditis ya dogara da dalilin matsalar da lafiyar ɗan gaba ɗaya. Yawancin yara suna murmurewa gaba ɗaya tare da magani mai kyau. Koyaya, wasu na iya samun ciwon zuciya na dindindin.

Yaran da aka haifa suna da haɗari mafi girma ga cuta mai tsanani da rikitarwa (gami da mutuwa) saboda cutar myocarditis A cikin wasu lamura da ba kasafai ake gani ba, mummunar lalacewar jijiyoyin zuciya na bukatar dashen zuciya.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Ara girman zuciya wanda ke haifar da rage aikin zuciya (kumburi zuciya)
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Matsalar bugun zuciya

Kira likitan yara na yara idan alamu ko alamomin wannan yanayin suka faru.

Babu sanannun rigakafin. Koyaya, saurin gwaji da magani na iya rage haɗarin cutar.

• Ciwon ciki

Knowlton KU, Anderson JL, Savoia MC, Oxman MN. Myocarditis da pericarditis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 84.

McNamara DM. Rashin ciwon zuciya sakamakon cutar kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa. A cikin: Felker GM, Mann DL, eds. Rashin Ciwon Zuciya: Abokin Cutar Braunwald na Cutar Zuciya. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 28.

Iyaye JJ, Ware SM. Cututtuka na myocardium. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 466.