Cutar cututtukan Carotid

Cutar cututtukan jijiyoyin jiki na faruwa yayin da jijiyoyin carotid ɗin suka zama raguwa ko toshewa.

Jijiyoyin carotid suna ba da wani ɓangare na babban wadataccen jini zuwa kwakwalwarka. Suna kan kowane gefen wuyanka. Kuna iya jin bugun bugunsu a ƙarƙashin layinku.

Cutar sankarar jijiya tana faruwa lokacin da abu mai ƙira da ake kira plaque ya ginu a cikin jijiyoyin. Wannan tarin abin almara ana kiransa harbin jijiyoyin jini (atherosclerosis).

Alamar za ta iya toshewa ko kuma taƙaita jijiyar carotid a hankali. Ko kuma yana iya haifar da daskararren jini ya samu kwatsam. Tsinkayar jini wacce take toshe jijiyar gaba daya na iya haifar da bugun jini.

Abubuwan haɗari don toshewa ko ƙarancin jijiyoyin sun haɗa da:

• Shan taba (mutanen da ke shan sigari a rana sau biyu na haɗarin bugun jini)
• Ciwon suga
• Hawan jini
• Babban cholesterol da triglycerides
• Yawan shekaru
• Tarihin iyali na bugun jini
• Yin amfani da barasa
• Amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi
• Cutar zuwa yankin wuya, wanda na iya haifar da hawaye a cikin jijiyar carotid

A farkon matakai, watakila ba ka da wata alama. Bayan allon rubutu ya bayyana, alamun farko na cututtukan jijiyoyin jijiyoyin jiki na iya zama bugun jini ko kuma tashin hankali mai saurin wucewa (TIA). TIA wani ƙaramin bugun jini ne wanda baya haifar da lahani mai ɗorewa.

Kwayar cutar bugun jini da TIA sun hada da:

• Duban gani
• Rikicewa
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
• Rashin jin dadi
• Matsaloli game da magana da yare, gami da rasa magana
• Rashin gani (na juzu'i ko cikakke)
• Rashin rauni a wani sashi na jikinku
• Matsaloli tare da tunani, tunani, da ƙwaƙwalwa

Mai ba da lafiyar ku zai yi gwajin jiki. Mai ba da sabis ɗinku na iya amfani da stethoscope don sauraron gudan jinin da ke wuyanku don wani sauti da ba a saba gani ba wanda ake kira gutsure. Wannan sautin na iya zama alama ce ta cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya.

Mai ba ku sabis na iya samun daskarewa a cikin jijiyoyin idanunku. Idan kuna da bugun jini ko TIA, tsarin mai juyayi (neurological) zai nuna wasu matsaloli.

Hakanan kuna iya samun gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• Gwajin cholesterol na jini da triglycerides
• Gwajin jini (glucose)
• Duban dan tayi na jijiyoyin karotid (carotid duplex duban dan tayi) don ganin yadda jini ke gudana ta cikin jijiyoyin carotid

Za'a iya amfani da gwaje-gwajen hotunan masu zuwa don bincika jijiyoyin jini a wuya da kwakwalwa:

• Cerebral angiography
• CT angiography
• MR angiography

Zaɓuɓɓukan magani sun haɗa da:

• Magungunan rage jini kamar su aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), dabigatran (Pradaxa), ko wasu don rage haɗarin kamuwa da bugun jini
• Magunguna da canjin abinci don rage yawan cholesterol ko hawan jini
• Babu magani, banda bincika maganin karoid a kowace shekara

Wataƙila kuna da wasu hanyoyin don magance kunkuntar ko toshe jijiyar maganin karoid:

• Carotid endarterectomy - Wannan tiyata yana cire bulodup a cikin jijiyoyin carotid.
• Carotid angioplasty da stenting - Wannan aikin yana buɗe toshewar jijiya kuma yana sanya ƙaramin waya (stent) a cikin jijiyar don buɗe ta.

Saboda babu alamun alamun, ƙila ba ku san kuna da cututtukan jijiyoyin jini ba sai kun sami bugun jini ko TIA.

• Stroke shine babban abin da ke haifar da mutuwa a Amurka.
• Wasu mutanen da ke fama da bugun jini suna murmurewa galibin ayyukansu.
• Wasu kuma suna mutuwa ne sakamakon bugun jini da kansa ko kuma saboda matsaloli.
• Kimanin rabin mutanen da ke fama da bugun jini suna da matsaloli na dogon lokaci.

Babban rikitarwa na cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya sune:

• Hutun lokaci mai saurin wucewa. Wannan yana faruwa yayin da tabon jini ya ɗan toshe jijiyoyin jini zuwa kwakwalwa. Yana haifar da bayyanar cututtuka iri ɗaya kamar bugun jini. Kwayar cututtukan ba ta wuce 'yan mintoci kaɗan zuwa sa'a ɗaya ko biyu, amma bai fi awanni 24 ba. TIA baya haifar da lalacewa na har abada. TIAs alama ce ta gargaɗi cewa bugun jini na iya faruwa a nan gaba idan ba a yi komai don hana shi ba.
• Buguwa Lokacin da samarda jini ga kwakwalwa wani bangare ko kuma ya toshe shi, yakan haifar da bugun jini. Mafi yawanci, wannan na faruwa yayin da daskarewar jini ya toshe jijiyoyin jini zuwa kwakwalwa. Hakanan bugun jini na iya faruwa yayin da jijiyar jini ta buɗe ko kuma ta zuba. Bugun jini na iya haifar da lahani ga kwakwalwa ko mutuwa.

Jeka dakin gaggawa ko kiran lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar su 911) da zarar alamu sun bayyana. Da zarar kun karɓi magani, mafi kyawun damar ku don murmurewa. Tare da bugun jini, kowane dakika na jinkiri na iya haifar da ƙarin raunin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Anan ga abin da zaku iya yi don taimakawa hana cututtukan jijiyoyin zuciya da bugun jini:

• Dakatar da shan taba.
• Bi ingantaccen abinci mai ƙoshe tare da yalwar sabbin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
• Kar a sha giya sama da 1 zuwa 2 a rana.
• Kada ayi amfani da magungunan nishaɗi.
• Motsa jiki aƙalla mintuna 30 a rana, yawancin ranakun mako.
• Gwada yawan cholesterol dinka duk bayan shekaru 5. Idan ana kula da ku don yawan ƙwayar cholesterol, kuna buƙatar bincika shi sau da yawa.
• Bincika hawan jininka kowace shekara 1 zuwa 2. Idan kana da cutar hawan jini, cututtukan zuciya, ciwon suga, ko kuma ka sami shanyewar jiki, kana buƙatar bincika shi sau da yawa. Tambayi mai ba da sabis.
• Bi shawarwarin maganin mai ba ku idan kuna da cutar hawan jini, ciwon sukari, babban cholesterol, ko cututtukan zuciya.

Carotid stenosis; Stenosis - carotid; Bugun jini - jijiyoyin carotid; TIA - maganin karoid

• Angioplasty da stent jeri - carotid jijiya - fitarwa
• Yin aikin tiyata na Carotid - fitarwa
• Cholesterol - maganin ƙwayoyi
• Shan warfarin (Coumadin)

Biller J, Ruland S, Schneck MJ. Ischemic cerebrovascular cuta. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 65.

Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. 2011 ASA / ACCF / AHA / AANN / AANS / ACR / ASNR / CNS / SAIP / SCAI / SIR / SNIS / SVM / SVS jagororin kula da marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan karoid da na kashin baya da ke ƙasa: taƙaitaccen bayani: rahoton Ba'amurke Kwalejin Kwalejin Zuciya / Heartungiyar Associationungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka a kan Sharuɗɗan Aiwatarwa, da Americanungiyar Baƙin Amurka, Americanungiyar ofwararrun swararrun swararrun swararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun ,wararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun Americanwararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararrun ,wararru ta Amurka Hoto da Rigakafin, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Intervention, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Magungunan Magunguna, da Society for Vascular Surgery. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013; 81 (1): E76-E123. PMID: 23281092 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281092.

Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B, et al. Sharuɗɗa don rigakafin farko na bugun jini: sanarwa ga ƙwararrun likitocin kiwon lafiya daga Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka / Stungiyar Baƙin Amurka. Buguwa. 2014; 45 (12): 3754-3832. PMID: 25355838 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25355838.

Meschia JF, Klaas JP, Brown RD Jr, Brott TG. Bincike da gudanar da cututtukan atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017; 92 (7): 1144-1157. PMID: 28688468 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28688468.