Ciwon huhu a cikin yara - al'umma ta samu

Ciwon huhu huhu ne na huhu wanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa, ƙwayoyin cuta, ko fungi.

Wannan labarin ya shafi cututtukan huhu da ke cikin al'umma (CAP) a cikin yara. Wannan nau'in ciwon huhu yana faruwa a cikin yara masu ƙoshin lafiya waɗanda ba su daɗe da zuwa asibiti ko wata cibiyar kula da lafiya ba.

Ciwon huhu da ke shafar mutane a cibiyoyin kula da lafiya, kamar asibitoci, galibi ƙwayoyin cuta ne da ke da wuyar magani.

Kwayar cuta ita ce mafi yawan cututtukan huhu a jarirai da yara.

Hanyoyin da ɗanka zai iya samun CAP sun haɗa da:

• Kwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a cikin hanci, sinus, ko baki na iya yaɗuwa zuwa huhu.
• Childanka na iya numfasa wasu daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta kai tsaye zuwa huhu.
• Yaronku yana numfashi a cikin abinci, ruwa, ko amai daga baki zuwa huhunta.

Abubuwan haɗarin da ke ƙaruwa da damar samun damar kamuwa da jariri sun haɗa da:

• Arancin shekaru 6 da haihuwa
• Ana haifuwa ba da wuri ba
• Laifin haihuwa, kamar ɓarkewar ɓaɓɓuka
• Matsalolin tsarin jijiyoyi, kamar su kamuwa da cutar kwakwalwa
• Ciwon zuciya ko na huhu wanda ake samu a lokacin haihuwa
• Rashin garkuwar jiki (wannan na iya faruwa saboda maganin kansa ko cuta kamar HIV / AIDS)
• Tiyata kwanan nan ko rauni

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan huhu a cikin yara sun haɗa da:

• Cushewa ko hanci mai zafi, ciwon kai
• Tari mai karfi
• Zazzaɓi, wanda na iya zama mai sauƙi ko babba, tare da sanyi da gumi
• Saurin numfashi, tare da ƙoshin hancin hanci da kuma tsokar tsokoki tsakanin haƙarƙarin
• Hanzari
• Kaifi ko soka ciwon kirji wanda ke daɗa muni yayin numfashi mai zurfi ko tari
• Energyananan makamashi da rashin lafiya (ba sa jin daɗi)
• Amai ko rashin cin abinci

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan yara da ke fama da mummunan cututtuka sun haɗa da:

• Blue lebe da farce saboda ƙarancin oxygen a cikin jini
• Rikicewa ko kuma yana da wuyar tayarwa

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai saurari kirjin ɗanku tare da stethoscope. Mai ba da sabis ɗin zai saurari kararraki ko sautikan numfashi mara kyau. Taɓawa a bangon kirji (bugun kirji) yana taimaka wa mai ba da sabis don saurara da jin sauti mara kyau.

Idan ana tsammanin ciwon huhu, mai yiwuwa mai bayarwa zai iya yin odar x-ray.

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Hanyoyin jini na jini don ganin idan isashshen oxygen yana shiga cikin jinin danka daga huhu
• Al'adar jini da al'adar sputum don neman ƙwayoyin cuta wanda zai iya haifar da cutar huhu
• CBC don bincika ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin farin jini
• Kirjin X-ray ko CT scan na kirji
• Bronchoscopy - bututu mai sassauƙa tare da kyamara mai walƙiya a ƙarshen ya sauka zuwa huhu (a cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba)
• Cire ruwa daga sararin samaniya na rufin huhu da bangon kirji (a wasu lokuta)

Dole ne mai ba da sabis ɗin ya fara yanke shawara ko ɗanka yana bukatar kasancewa a asibiti.

Idan an kula dashi a asibiti, ɗanka zai karɓa:

• Ruwan ruwa, wutan lantarki, da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta ta jijiyoyin ko bakin
• Maganin Oxygen
• Magungunan numfashi don taimakawa buɗe hanyoyin iska

Wataƙila yara za su iya shiga asibiti idan sun:

• Samun wata babbar matsalar likita, gami da lamuran lafiya na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) kamar su cystic fibrosis ko ciwon sukari
• Yi mummunan cututtuka
• Ba sa iya ci ko sha
• Kasa da watanni 3 zuwa 6
• Samun ciwon huhu saboda wata cuta mai cutarwa
• Sun sha maganin rigakafi a gida, amma ba sa samun sauki

Idan yaro yana da CAP wanda kwayoyin cuta ke haifarwa, ana ba da maganin rigakafi. Ba a ba da maganin rigakafi don cutar huhu da ƙwayoyin cuta ke yi. Wannan saboda kwayoyin cuta basa kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Sauran magunguna, kamar su kwayar cutar, ana iya bayarwa idan yaronku ya kamu da mura.

Yara da yawa za a iya magance su a gida. Idan haka ne, ɗanka na iya buƙatar shan magunguna kamar su maganin rigakafi ko antiviral.

Lokacin bada maganin rigakafi ga yaro:

• Tabbatar cewa ɗanka bai rasa kowane irin allurai ba.
• Tabbatar cewa ɗanka ya sha duk maganin kamar yadda aka umurta. Kada ka daina ba da maganin, ko da yaronka ya fara samun sauƙi.

Kar a ba yaronka maganin tari ko na sanyi sai dai idan likitanka ya ce ba laifi. Tari yana taimakawa jiki wajen kawar da lakar daga huhu.

Sauran matakan kula da gida sun hada da:

• Don kawo ƙoshin daga huhu, taɓa kirjin ɗanku a hankali aan lokuta sau ɗaya a rana. Ana iya yin hakan yayin da ɗanka yake kwance.
• Ka sa yaronka ya sha numfashi sau 2 ko 3 a kowace awa. Numfashi mai zurfi yana taimakawa buɗe huhun yaronka.
• Tabbatar cewa ɗanka ya sha ruwa mai yawa. Tambayi mai ba ku kayan da ya kamata yaranku su sha a kowace rana.
• Ka sa yaro ya sami hutu sosai, gami da yin bacci a duk rana idan an buƙata.

Yawancin yara suna inganta cikin kwanaki 7 zuwa 10 tare da magani. Yaran da suka kamu da ciwon huhu mai tsanani tare da rikitarwa na iya buƙatar magani na makonni 2 zuwa 3. Yaran da ke cikin haɗari don tsananin ciwon huhu sun haɗa da:

• Yara wadanda garkuwar jikinsu bata aiki da kyau
• Yara masu cutar huhu ko na zuciya

A wasu lokuta, matsaloli mafi tsanani na iya faruwa, gami da:

• Canje-canje na barazanar rai a cikin huhun da ke buƙatar inji na numfashi (mai saka iska)
• Ruwa a kusa da huhu, wanda zai iya kamuwa da cuta
• Unguntacciyar huhu
• Kwayar cuta a cikin jini (bakteriya)

Mai bayarwa na iya yin oda wani x-ray. Wannan don tabbatar da cewa huhun ɗan ka ya bayyana. Zai iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa kafin x-ray ɗin ya share. Yaronku na iya jin daɗin ɗan lokaci kaɗan kafin rayukan x-su bayyana.

Kira mai ba da sabis idan ɗanka yana da alamun bayyanar masu zuwa:

• Mummunan tari
• Rashin wahalar numfashi (kumburi, gurnani, saurin numfashi)
• Amai
• Rashin ci
• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Alamun numfashi (na numfashi) da suke taɓarɓarewa
• Ciwon kirji wanda yake ta'azzara lokacin tari ko numfashi
• Alamomin ciwon huhu da raunin tsarin garkuwar jiki (kamar su HIV ko chemotherapy)
• Symptomsarin bayyanar cututtuka bayan fara samun sauki

Koya wa manyan yara koyaushe wanke hannu:

• Kafin cin abinci
• Bayan hura hanci
• Bayan shiga bandaki
• Bayan wasa tare da abokai
• Bayan saduwa da mutanen da basu da lafiya

Allurar rigakafi na iya taimakawa wajen hana wasu nau'in huhu. Tabbatar yiwa yaranka rigakafi da:

• Allurar rigakafin cututtukan huhu
• Alurar rigakafin mura
• Alurar rigakafin cutar kumburin ciki da rigakafin Hib

Lokacin da jarirai basu cika yin rigakafi ba, iyaye ko masu kula dasu zasu iya yiwa kansu rigakafin cutar nimoniya mai kariya.

Bronchopneumonia - yara; Ciwon huhu da al’umma ta samu - yara; CAP - yara

• Namoniya

Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. Takaitaccen bayani: gudanar da cutar ciwon huhu ta yara a cikin jarirai da yara da suka girmi watanni 3: jagororin aikin asibiti ta theungiyar cututtukan cututtukan yara na Amurka. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 53 (7): 617-630. PMID: 21890766 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21890766/.

Kelly MS, Sandora TJ. Ciwon huhu da al'umma suka samu. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 428.

Shah SS, Bradley JS. Ciwon cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan huhu na al'umma. A cikin: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ. Feigin da Cherry's Littafin rubutu na cututtukan cututtukan yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 22.