Magungunan rigakafin cutar covid-19

Ana amfani da rigakafin COVID-19 don haɓaka garkuwar jiki da kuma kariya daga COVID-19. Wadannan rigakafin sune kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don taimakawa dakatar da cutar ta COVID-19.

YADDA AKE SAMUN LOKACI-19 VACCINES AIKI

Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 tana kare mutane daga kamuwa da COVID-19. Wadannan allurar rigakafin suna "koyar da" jikinka yadda zaka kare ne daga kwayoyin cutar SARS-CoV-2, wanda ke haifar da COVID-19.

Alurar rigakafin farko ta COVID-19 da aka amince da ita a Amurka ana kiranta rigakafin mRNA. Suna aiki daban da sauran alluran.

• Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 mRNA suna amfani da manzo RNA (mRNA) don gaya wa ƙwayoyin cikin jiki yadda za a taƙaice ƙirƙirar wani furotin na "karu" wanda ya kebanta da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2. Kwayoyin suna kawar da mRNA.
• Wannan furotin "karu" yana haifar da amsawar cikin jiki, yana yin kwayoyi masu kare jiki daga COVID-19. Tsarin garkuwar ku zai koya kai farmaki ga kwayar cutar ta SARS-CoV-2 idan har kun gamu da ita.
• Akwai allurar rigakafin mRNA COVID-19 guda biyu da aka amince da su yanzu a Amurka, da Pfizer-BioNTech da na Moderna COVID-19.

Ana ba da rigakafin COVID-19 mRNA azaman allura (harbi) a cikin hannu cikin allurai 2.

• Zaka karɓi harbi na biyu cikin kusan makonni 3 zuwa 4 bayan samun farko. Kuna buƙatar ɗauka duka don allurar ta yi aiki.
• Alurar rigakafin ba za ta fara kare ka ba sai kimanin makonni 1 zuwa 2 bayan harbi na biyu.
• Kusan 90% na mutanen da suka karɓi duka hotunan ba za su kamu da cutar ta COVID-19 ba. Wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cutar wataƙila za su sami saukin kamuwa da cutar.

VIRAL VECTOR VACCINES

Wadannan allurar rigakafin suma suna da tasiri wajen kariya daga COVID-19.

• Suna amfani da kwayar cuta (vector) wacce aka canza ta yadda ba zata iya cutar da jiki ba. Wannan kwayar cutar tana dauke da umarni wadanda suke fadawa kwayoyin halittar jiki su kirkiro "karu" wanda ya kebanta da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2.
• Wannan yana haifar da tsarin rigakafin ku don afkawa kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 idan har kun gamu da ita.
• Alurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ba ta haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta da ake amfani da ita azaman vector ko tare da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2.
• Alurar ta Janssen COVID-19 (wacce Johnson da Johnson suka samar) rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta ne. An yarda don amfani a Amurka. Kuna buƙatar harbi ɗaya kawai don wannan alurar rigakafin don kare ku daga COVID-19.

Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 ba ta da wata kwayar cuta mai rai, kuma ba za su iya ba ku COVID-19 ba. Hakanan basu taɓa tasiri ko tsoma baki tare da kwayoyin halittar ku (DNA) ba.

Duk da yake mafi yawan mutanen da suka sami COVID-19 suma suna haɓaka kariya daga sake samun ta, babu wanda ya san tsawon lokacin da wannan rigakafin zai kasance. Kwayar cutar na iya haifar da mummunar cuta ko mutuwa kuma tana iya yaduwa zuwa wasu mutane. Samun rigakafi hanya ce mafi aminci mafi kariya don kare kwayar cutar fiye da dogaro kan rigakafi saboda kamuwa da cuta.

Ana ci gaba da samar da wasu alluran rigakafin wadanda ke amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban don kariya daga kwayar. Don samun cikakken bayani game da sauran allurar rigakafin da ake haɓaka, je zuwa Cibiyar Kula da Rigakafin Cututtuka (CDC) ta yanar gizo:

Bambancin rigakafin COVID-19 daban daban - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html

Don samun bayanai na yau da kullun game da rigakafin COVID-19 da aka yarda don amfani, da fatan za a duba gidan yanar gizo na Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA):

Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 - www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines

SAKAMAKON YADDA AKEYI DA FARJI

Yayinda allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ba zata baku ciwo ba, suna iya haifar da wasu illoli da alamomin mura. Wannan al'ada ce. Wadannan alamomin wata alama ce da ke nuna cewa jikinka yana yin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta. Hanyoyi masu illa na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Jin zafi da kumburi a hannu inda kuka sami harbi
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin sanyi
• Gajiya
• Ciwon kai

Kwayar cututtuka daga harbi na iya sa ka ji daɗi sosai har kana buƙatar ɗaukar hutu daga aiki ko ayyukan yau da kullun, amma ya kamata su tafi cikin fewan kwanaki. Ko da kuwa kuna da abubuwan illa, har yanzu yana da mahimmanci a sami harbi na biyu. Duk wani illa daga alurar riga kafi ba shi da haɗari sosai fiye da yiwuwar cuta mai tsanani ko mutuwa daga COVID-19.

Idan bayyanar cututtuka ba ta tafi a cikin aan kwanaki kaɗan ba, ko kuma idan kuna da wata damuwa, ya kamata ku tuntuɓi mai ba ku kiwon lafiya.

WAYE ZAI IYA SAMUN MAGANIN?

A halin yanzu akwai wadatattun kayayyaki na rigakafin COVID-19. Saboda wannan, CDC ta ba da shawarwari ga gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi game da wanda ya kamata ya fara rigakafin rigakafi. Tabbatar da yadda aka fifita allurar rigakafi da rarraba ta don gudanarwa ga mutane kowace ƙasa zata tantance ta. Bincika sashen kiwon lafiyar ku na gida dan samun bayanai a cikin jihar ku.

Wadannan shawarwarin zasu taimaka cimma buri da yawa:

• Rage yawan mutanen da ke mutuwa daga kwayar
• Rage adadin mutanen da ke kamuwa da cutar
• Taimakawa al'umma ci gaba da aiki
• Rage nauyi kan tsarin kiwon lafiya da kan mutanen da COVID-19 suka fi shafa

CDC ta bada shawarar cewa ayi birgima a allurai.

Lokaci na 1a ya haɗa da rukunin farko na mutanen da yakamata su sami rigakafin:

• Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya - Wannan ya haɗa da duk wanda zai iya samun damar kai tsaye ko kai tsaye ga marasa lafiya tare da COVID-19.
• Mazauna wuraren kulawa na dogon lokaci, saboda suna cikin haɗarin mutuwa daga COVID-19.

Lokaci na 1b ya hada da:

• Mahimman ma'aikata na gaba, kamar masu kashe gobara, jami'an 'yan sanda, malamai, ma'aikatan shagon sayar da abinci, Ma'aikatan gidan waya na Amurka, ma'aikatan safarar jama'a, da sauransu
• Mutane masu shekaru 75 zuwa sama, saboda mutane a cikin wannan rukunin suna cikin haɗarin rashin lafiya, asibiti, da mutuwa daga COVID-19

Lokaci na 1c ya hada da:

• Mutane masu shekaru 65 zuwa 74
• Mutane masu shekaru 16 zuwa 64 tare da wasu mahimmancin yanayin kiwon lafiya da suka haɗa da kansar, COPD, Down syndrome, rashin garkuwar jiki, cututtukan zuciya, cutar koda, ƙiba, ciki, shan sigari, ciwon sukari, da cutar sikila
• Sauran muhimman ma'aikata, gami da mutanen da ke aiki a cikin sufuri, sabis na abinci, kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ginin gidaje, lafiyar jama'a, da sauransu

Yayinda allurar rigakafin ta yadu sosai, da yawa daga cikin jama'a zasu sami damar yin rigakafin.

Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da shawarwari game da allurar rigakafin da aka fara a Amurka akan gidan yanar gizon CDC:

CDC's COVID-19 Shawarwarin Rigakafin Allura - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html

LAFIYAR FARJI

Tsaron rigakafi shine babban fifiko, kuma rigakafin COVID-19 sun wuce tsauraran ƙa'idojin aminci kafin amincewa.

Alurar rigakafin COVID-19 ta dogara ne akan bincike da fasaha wanda ya kasance shekaru da yawa. Saboda kwayar cutar ta yadu, ana yin dubun dubatar mutane da yawa don ganin yadda maganin rigakafin ke aiki da kuma yadda suke da lafiya. Wannan ya taimaka bada damar samarda alluran rigakafin, gwaji, nazari, da kuma sarrafa su cikin sauri. Ana ci gaba da sanya musu ido sosai don tabbatar da cewa suna da lafiya da tasiri.

Akwai rahotanni game da wasu mutanen da suka kamu da rashin lafiyan maganin alurar riga kafi na yanzu. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a bi wasu taka tsantsan:

• Idan kun taɓa samun mummunan rashin lafiyan haɗari ga kowane sashi a cikin rigakafin COVID-19, bai kamata ku sami ɗayan rigakafin COVID-19 na yanzu ba.
• Idan kun taɓa samun rashin lafiyan gaggawa (amya, kumburi, kumburi) ga duk wani sinadari a cikin rigakafin COVID-19, bai kamata ku sami ɗayan rigakafin COVID-19 na yanzu ba.
• Idan kana fama da cutar rashin lafiya mai tsanani ko mara tsanani bayan ka sami allurar farko ta rigakafin COVID-19, bai kamata ka sami harbi na biyu ba.

Idan kun sami raunin rashin lafiyan, koda kuwa ba mai tsanani bane, zuwa wasu maganin alurar rigakafi ko hanyoyin kwantar da allura, ya kamata ku tambayi likitan ku idan zaku sami rigakafin COVID-19. Likitanka zai taimaka maka ka yanke shawara idan lafiya kake don yin rigakafin. Likitanku na iya tura ku zuwa ga ƙwararren masanin ilimin rashin lafiyar jiki da na rigakafi don ba da ƙarin kulawa ko shawara.

CDC ta ba da shawarar cewa har yanzu mutane na iya yin alurar riga kafi idan suna da tarihin:

• Matsanancin rashin lafiyan halayen BA dangantaka da alluran rigakafi ko magungunan allura - kamar su abinci, dabbar layya, dafin dafi, da muhalli, ko cutar rashin lahani
• Rashin lafia ga magungunan baka ko tarihin dangi na rashin lafiyan halayen

Don ƙarin koyo game da lafiyar rigakafin COVID-19, je zuwa shafin yanar gizon CDC:

• Tabbatar da Tsaron Cutar COVID-19 a cikin Amurka - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety.html
• V-Lafiya Bayan Alurar Alurar Kiwan Lafiya - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/vsafe.html
• Abin da za ku yi idan kuna da martani na rashin lafiyan Bayan Samun rigakafin COVID-19 - www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html

CIGABA DA KIYAYE KANKA DA SAURAN DAGA COVID-19

Koda bayan an karɓi allurar rigakafin duka biyu, har yanzu kana buƙatar ci gaba da sanya abin rufe fuska, ka kasance a ƙalla ƙafa 6 nesa da wasu, kuma ka wanke hannuwan ka sau da yawa.

Har yanzu masana na koyon yadda allurar rigakafin COVID-19 ke ba da kariya, don haka ya kamata mu ci gaba da yin duk abin da za mu iya don hana yaduwarta. Misali, ba a san ko mutumin da aka yiwa rigakafin zai iya yada kwayar ba, duk da cewa suna da kariya daga ita.

A saboda wannan dalili, har sai an san da yawa, amfani da alluran rigakafi da matakai don kare wasu sune hanya mafi kyau don zama lafiya da ƙoshin lafiya.

Alurar rigakafi don COVID-19; COVID - rigakafin 19; COVID - hotuna 19; Alurar riga kafi don COVID - 19; COVID - rigakafin 19; COVID - rigakafin 19 - maganin rigakafi; rigakafin mRNA-COVID

• Maganin rigakafin cutar covid-19

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Fa'idodi don samun rigakafin COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/vaccine-benefits.html. An sabunta Janairu 5, 2021. Shiga cikin Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. CDC ta COVID-19 maganin alurar riga kafi. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/recommendations.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 19, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Dabbobi daban-daban na COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines.html. An sabunta Maris 3, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Consideididdigar asibiti na ɗan lokaci don amfani da rigakafin mRNA COVID-19 a halin yanzu an ba da izini a Amurka. www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 10, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Labari da gaskiya game da rigakafin COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 3, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Fahimtar maganin alurar rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/viralvector.html. An sabunta Maris 2, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Abin da za a yi idan kuna da rashin lafiyan abu bayan samun rigakafin COVID-19. www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/safety/allergic-reaction.html. An sabunta Fabrairu 25, 2021. An shiga Maris 3, 2021.