Mafi Yawan Magungunan Magungunan Shaye Shaye akan Kasuwa

Wadatacce

• Fahimtar jarabar shan kwaya
• Opioids
• Oxycodone (OxyContin)
• Codein
• Fentanyl
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Cire opioid
• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) masu damuwa
• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin) da diazepam (Valium)
• Janyewa daga masu damuwa na CNS
• Abubuwan kara kuzari
• Amfetamine (Adderall)
• Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
• Janyewa daga abubuwan kara kuzari
• Taimakawa ƙaunatattunsu tare da maganin ƙwayoyi na likita
• Yadda Ake Taimakawa

Fahimtar jarabar shan kwaya

Don kawai likita ya rubuta kwaya ba ya nufin cewa yana da lafiya ga kowa. Kamar yadda adadin takardun da aka bayar suka tashi, haka kuma yawan mutanen da ke yin amfani da magungunan ƙwaya.

A cikin binciken da aka gudanar a cikin 2015, Abzarin Abuse da Ayyukan Kula da Lafiya na Hauka (SAMHSA) ya gano cewa Amurkawa miliyan 18.9 da ke da shekaru 12 da mazan da suka yi amfani da magungunan ƙwayoyi marasa amfani a cikin shekarar da ta gabata. Kimanin kashi 1 cikin ɗari na Ba'amurke masu shekaru 12 zuwa sama suna da matsalar rashin amfani da kwayoyi.

Shan kwaya wani ɓangare ne na rikicewar amfani da ƙwayoyi. Cuta ce da za ta iya shafar kwakwalwarka da halayyarka, yana mai da wuya ka shawo kan amfani da kwayoyi. Wasu mutane sun kamu da shan haramtattun kwayoyi na nishaɗi, kamar su hodar iblis ko heroin. Koyaya, yana yiwuwa kuma ku kamu da shan magani wanda likitanku ya tsara. Idan kun kamu da kwaya kwaya, zaku iya amfani da shi da karfi, koda kuwa ya haifar muku da cutarwa.

Wasu kwayoyi rubutattun magunguna sun fi sauran jaraba. Yawancin kwayoyi masu sa maye suna shafar tsarin ladan kwakwalwar ku ta hanyar ambaliyar ruwan da dopamine. Wannan yana haifar da daɗin “mai girma” wanda zai iya motsa ku ku sake shan ƙwaya. Bayan lokaci, zaka iya dogaro da maganin don jin "mai kyau" ko "al'ada." Hakanan zaka iya haɓaka haƙuri ga miyagun ƙwayoyi. Wannan na iya tura ka ka dauki manyan allurai.

Karanta don fara koyo game da magungunan likitanci waɗanda ba a amfani da su.

Opioids

Opioids suna haifar da sakamako na euphoric. An tsara su sau da yawa don ciwo. Alamomi da alamun rashin amfani da opioid na iya haɗawa da:

• murna
• kasala
• bacci
• rikicewa
• jiri
• canje-canje a hangen nesa
• ciwon kai
• kamuwa
• wahalar numfashi
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• maƙarƙashiya
• canje-canje a cikin hali ko hali

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

Ana siyarda Oxycodone a ƙarƙashin sunan suna OxyContin. Hakanan ana sayar dashi a hade tare da acetaminophen azaman Percocet. Yana canza yadda tsarinku na tsakiya (CNS) yake amsa zafi.

Kamar jaruntin, yana haifar da euphoric, sakamako mai kwantar da hankali. A cewar Hukumar Kula da Tilasta Amfani da Miyagun Kwayoyi (DEA), an ba da takardun magani miliyan 58.8 na oxycodone a Amurka a cikin 2013.

Codein

Codeine yawanci ana bada shi don magance ciwo mai sauƙi zuwa matsakaici. Hakanan an haɗa shi tare da wasu magunguna don magance cututtukan sanyi da mura. Misali, ana yawan samunta a cikin magani-karfin maganin tari.

Idan aka sha shi adadi mai yawa, maganin tari mai dauke da sinadarin Codeine yana da tasirin motsa jiki. Hakanan yana iya haifar da sauyayyan matakan sani. Yana bayar da tushe don haramtaccen maganin ƙwayoyi wanda aka sani da “ruwan sha mai ruwan sha,” “sizzurp,” ko “sirara.” Wannan hadin shima yana dauke da soda da wani lokacin alewa.

Fentanyl

Fentanyl shine opioid na roba. An tsara shi don mummunan ciwo mai tsanani, yawanci a cikin mutane da ciwon daji. A cewar, yana da 50 zuwa 100 sau fiye da karfi fiye da morphine. Yana haifar da jin daɗi da annashuwa.

Hakanan Fentanyl an ƙera shi ba bisa ƙa'ida ba kuma ana siyar dashi azaman haramtaccen magani na nishaɗi. A lokuta da yawa, ana gauraya shi da jaririn, hodar iblis, ko duka biyun. A watan Oktoba 2017, rahoton ya nuna cewa fentanyl yana da hannu cikin fiye da rabi na yawan abin da ya shafi opioid a cikin jihohi 10.

Baya ga alamomi da alamomin yau da kullun waɗanda ke tattare da amfani da opioid, ƙarancin amfani da fentanyl na iya haifar da hallucinations da mummunan mafarki.

Meperidine (Demerol)

Meperidine shine opioid na roba. Ana sayar da shi sau da yawa a ƙarƙashin alama mai suna Demerol. Yawanci ana amfani dashi don magance matsakaici zuwa ciwo mai tsanani. Kamar sauran opioids, yana haifar da jin daɗi.

A cewar, Ba'amurke 2,666 sun mutu a cikin shekarar 2011 daga cutar guba ta miyagun kwayoyi wanda ya shafi magungunan kashe kwayoyin cutar opioid banda methadone, kamar meperidine ko fentanyl.

Cire opioid

Idan kun kamu da cutar opioids, da alama za ku iya ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka lokacin da kuka daina amfani da su. Cire alamun cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi
• tashin hankali ko bacin rai
• hanci mai zafin gaske
• matsalar bacci
• yawan zufa
• jin sanyi
• matsalolin narkewa

Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) masu damuwa

CNS masu baƙin ciki sun haɗa da barbiturates da benzodiazepines. An kuma kira su masu kwantar da hankali kuma suna da sakamako mai kwantar da hankali. Alamomi da alamun rashin amfani da cuta sun haɗa da:

• bacci
• kasala
• bacin rai
• rikicewa
• matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwa
• jiri
• ciwon kai
• canje-canje a hangen nesa
• asarar daidaituwa
• slurred magana
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• canje-canje a cikin hali ko hali

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Alprazolam shine benzodiazepine. Ana yawan sayar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan suna Xanax. An tsara shi don magance damuwa da rikicewar tsoro. Yana raunana CNS ɗinka, wanda ke da tasirin nutsuwa. Wasu mutane ba su amfani da shi don tasirin saurin tasirinsa.

A cewar CDC, fiye da sau huɗu kamar yadda yawancin Amurkawa suka mutu a cikin 2015 fiye da 2002 daga yawan ƙwayoyi waɗanda suka haɗa da benzodiazepines. A yawancin waɗannan al'amuran, mutane sun mutu bayan haɗa benzodiazepines da opioids.

Signsarin alamu da alamomin amfani da alprazolam sun haɗa da matsalar bacci, kumburin hannu ko ƙafa, da rawar jiki.

Clonazepam (Klonopin) da diazepam (Valium)

Clonazepam da diazepam sune benzodiazepines. Ana amfani dasu don magance damuwa da rikicewar tsoro. Hakanan ana amfani dasu don magance cututtuka. Ana sayar da Clonazepam ƙarƙashin sunan mai suna Klonopin. Ana siyar da Diazepam azaman Valium.

Kamar Xanax, ana amfani da waɗannan magungunan don rashin tasirinsu. Suna samar da "highs" waɗanda zasu iya jin kama da tasirin giya. Misali, suna iya haifar da maye, magana, da annashuwa.

Baƙon abu ba ne ga mutane su yi amfani da hutu na amfani da Xanax, Klonopin, ko Valium a haɗe tare da wasu magunguna. Dangane da CDC, yawan mutuwar da ta wuce kima wanda ya hada da benzodiazepines da opioids fiye da ninki hudu tsakanin 2002 da 2015.

Signsila alamun da alamun cutar clonazepam ko amfani da diazepam na iya haɗawa da:

• paranoia
• mafarki
• maƙarƙashiya

Janyewa daga masu damuwa na CNS

Idan kun kamu da masu cutar CNS, wataƙila za ku ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka lokacin da kuka daina amfani da su. Cire alamun cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi
• damuwa
• tsoro
• yawan zufa
• ciwon kai
• matsalar bacci
• ciwon tsoka
• tashin zuciya

Abubuwan kara kuzari

Abubuwan kara kuzari suna karawa kwakwalwar ku aiki. Wannan yana taimakawa bunkasa faɗakarwar ku da matakan kuzari. Alamomi da alamun rashin amfani da cuta sun haɗa da:

• murna
• tashin hankali ko ƙiyayya
• paranoia
• mafarki
• rage ci
• asarar nauyi
• saurin bugun zuciya
• latedananan yara
• canje-canje a hangen nesa
• ciwon kai
• tashin zuciya
• amai
• canje-canje a cikin hali ko hali

Amfetamine (Adderall)

Amphetamine an fi sani da suna "saurin." Yana da ƙarfin CNS. Ana amfani da shi don magance cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan hankali (ADHD) da narcolepsy.

Abubuwan da ke ƙunshe da amphetamine galibi ana amfani da su don tasirin kuzarin su. Misali, Adderall samfuri ne wanda ya haɗu da amphetamine da dextroamphetamine. Sau da yawa mutane ba su amfani da shi suna yin bacci, kamar direbobin manyan motoci, masu sauya sheka, da ɗaliban kwaleji da ke aiki a kan lokacin ƙarshe. Dangane da bincike daga Jami'ar Michigan, kashi 9 cikin ɗari na ɗaliban kwaleji a cikin 2012 sun ba da rahoton rashin amfani da Adderall.

Baya ga alamun yau da kullun na rashin amfani da hankali, rashin amfani amphetamine na iya kasancewa ta halin:

• ƙara makamashi da faɗakarwa
• kara zafin jiki
• kara karfin jini
• saurin numfashi

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

Kama da Adderall, methylphenidate abu ne mai motsawa wanda ke shafar CNS ɗin ku. Ana yawan sayar dashi a ƙarƙashin sunan Ritalin. Yana kara matakan dopamine a kwakwalwa, wanda ke taimakawa inganta hankali. Ana amfani dashi don magance ADHD da narcolepsy. Kamar sauran abubuwan kara kuzari, yana iya zama al'ada.

Reasonaya daga cikin dalilan da yasa ake amfani da Ritalin da sauran abubuwan kara kuzari shine wadatar su. A cewar DEA, fiye da takardun magani miliyan 13 na methylphenidate sun cika a 2012.

Amfani da Methylphenidate na iya haifar da tashin hankali ko matsalar bacci.

Janyewa daga abubuwan kara kuzari

Idan ka kamu da son kara kuzari, zaka iya ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka idan ka daina amfani dasu. Cire alamun cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• shaye-shayen miyagun ƙwayoyi
• damuwa
• damuwa
• matsanancin gajiya

Taimakawa ƙaunatattunsu tare da maganin ƙwayoyi na likita

Magungunan ƙwayoyi na kwaya zai iya shafar lafiyar ku. Hakanan yana iya sanya ku cikin haɗarin haɗarin wuce gona da iri. Shaye-shayen ƙwayoyi na iya sanya damuwa a kan kuɗin ku da dangantakar ku.

Shin kuna zargin cewa wanda kuke so yana amfani da magungunan likitanci? Yana da mahimmanci a gare su su sami taimakon ƙwararru. Likitan su ko masanin lafiyar kwakwalwa na iya ba da shawarar shawara. Hakanan suna iya tura ƙaunataccenku zuwa shirin gyarawa mai tsanani. A wasu lokuta, za su iya rubuta magunguna don taimakawa hana sha'awar kwayoyi ko sauƙaƙe alamun bayyanar janyewar.

Idan kun yi zargin cewa wani ƙaunatacce yana da kwaya kwaya, akwai hanyoyin da za ku iya taimaka.

Yadda Ake Taimakawa

• Bincika ingantaccen bayani game da shan kwaya. Learnara koyo game da alamu, alamomi, da zaɓuɓɓukan magani.
• Faɗa wa ƙaunataccenku cewa kuna damuwa game da shan ƙwayarsu. Bari su san cewa kana son taimaka musu su sami goyon bayan sana'a.
• Arfafa ƙaunatattunka don yin alƙawari tare da likitansu, ƙwararren likitan ƙwaƙwalwa, ko cibiyar kula da jaraba.
• Yi la'akari da shiga ƙungiyar tallafi don abokai da dangin mutanen da ke shan ta'ammali da ƙwayoyi. Membersan’uwan ku ƙungiyar za su iya ba da tallafi na zamantakewa yayin da kuke ƙoƙari ku jimre da jarabar ƙaunataccenku.

Don ƙarin bayani game da shan ƙwayoyi, gami da zaɓuɓɓukan magani, ziyarci waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon:

• Ba a sani da ƙwayoyi masu narkewa ba (NA)
• Cibiyar Nazarin Magunguna ta Kasa (NIDA)
• Abuse da Abubuwan Kula da Lafiya na Hauka (SAMHSA)