Hemolytic anemia: menene, babban bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Menene sababi
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Autimmune hemolytic anemia, wanda kuma aka sani da gajeriyar suna AHAI, cuta ce da ke tattare da samar da kwayoyi masu ɗauke da martani game da jajayen jinin, lalata su da haifar da ƙarancin jini, tare da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kamar gajiya, pallor, dizziness, rawaya da fata mara kyau da idanu

Irin wannan karancin jini yana iya shafar kowa, amma ya fi faruwa ga matasa. Kodayake ba koyaushe ne ake bayyana dalilinsa ba, yana iya tashi daga lalata tsarin garkuwar jiki bayan kamuwa da cuta, kasancewar wata cuta mai saurin kashe kansa, amfani da wasu magunguna, ko ma cutar kansa.

Rashin kwayar cutar ta hemolytic anemia ba koyaushe ake iya warkewa ba, duk da haka, yana da magani wanda akasari ana amfani dashi tare da amfani da magunguna don tsara tsarin garkuwar jiki, kamar su corticosteroids da immunosuppressants. A wasu lokuta, ana iya nuna cire ƙwayar, wanda ake kira da splenectomy, saboda wannan shi ne wurin da wani ɓangare na ƙwayoyin jinin jini ke lalacewa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan anemia sun hada da:

• Rashin rauni;
• Jin suma;
• Gwanin;
• Rashin ci;
• Rashin hankali;
• Gajiya;
• Barci;
• Isaddamarwa;
• Ciwon kai;
• Nailsusoshin rauni;
• Fatar fata;
• Rashin gashi;
• Ofarancin numfashi;
• Paleness a cikin mucous membranes na idanu da bakin;
• Jaundice.

Wadannan alamomin suna kamanceceniya da wadanda wasu cututtukan rashin jini ke haifarwa, saboda haka ya zama dole ga likita yayi odar gwaje-gwajen da zasu taimaka wajen gano hakikanin abin da ya haddasa su, kamar rage adadin kwayoyin jinin ja, yawan reticulocyte, wadanda sune jajayen jinin jini wadanda basu balaga ba, baya ga gwajin rigakafin cutar.

Duba yadda ake bambance tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da karancin jini.

Menene sababi

Ba koyaushe ake gano musabbabin cutar rashin jini, kodayake, a cikin lamura da yawa yana iya zama na biyu zuwa kasancewar wasu cututtukan cikin jiki, kamar su lupus da rheumatoid arthritis, kamar su lymphomas ko leukemias ko saboda tasirin magunguna, kamar su Levodopa, Methyldopa, anti-inflammatories da wasu magungunan rigakafi.

Hakanan yana iya tashi bayan kamuwa da cuta, kamar waɗanda ƙwayoyin cuta ke haddasawa kamar suEpstein-Barr ko Parvovirus B19, ko kuma ta kwayoyin cuta kamar Ciwon huhu na mycobacterium ko Treponema pallidum alal misali, lokacin da yake haifar da cutar sikari.

A cikin kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na cututtukan, cutar sanyi ta ƙara tsananta rashin jini, kamar yadda a cikin waɗannan lamura, ana kunna ƙwayoyin cuta ta ƙananan yanayin zafi, ana kiransu AHAI ta hanyoyin rigakafin sanyi. Sauran shari'o'in ana kiran su AHAI don ƙwayoyin cuta masu zafi, kuma sune mafiya yawa.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

Don ganewar asem na rashin jini, gwajin da likita zai yi oda sun hada da:

• Yawan jini, don gano karancin jini da lura da tsananinta;
• Jarabawar rigakafi, kamar su gwajin kai tsaye na Coombs, wanda ke nuna kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke haɗe da saman jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Fahimci abin da gwajin Coombs ke nufi;
• Gwajin da ke tabbatar da hemolysis, kamar karuwar reticulocytes a cikin jini, waxanda ba su da jajayen jinin jini waxanda ba su balaga ba wanda ke bayyana a cikin jini ya wuce gona da iri idan akwai cutar hemolysis;
• Yanayin kai tsaye na bilirubin, wanda ke ƙaruwa a cikin yanayin tsananin rashin jini. San abin da yake don kuma lokacin da aka nuna gwajin bilirubin.

Kamar yadda yawancin cututtukan jini na iya samun alamomi iri iri da gwaje-gwaje, yana da matukar mahimmanci likita ya iya bambancewa tsakanin dalilan da ke haifar da karancin jini. Nemi ƙarin game da gwaje-gwajen a: Gwajin da ke tabbatar da ƙarancin jini.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Ba za a iya cewa akwai magani ga karancin jini ba, kamar yadda ya zama ruwan dare ga marasa lafiya masu wannan cutar su fuskanci lokutan ɓarkewar cuta da kuma inganta yanayinsu.

Don rayuwa tsawon lokacin da zai yiwu a cikin lokacin gafartawa, ya zama dole a gudanar da maganin da likitan jini ya nuna, wanda aka yi da magungunan da ke tsara tsarin garkuwar jiki, wanda ya haɗa da corticosteroids, kamar Prednisone, immunosuppressants, kamar Cyclophosphamide ko Cyclosporine, immunomodulators, kamar ɗan adam immunoglobulin ko plasmapheresis, wanda ke taimakawa wajen cire ƙwayoyin cuta masu yawa daga cikin jini, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.

Cire ƙwayar sifa, wanda ake kira splenectomy, wani zaɓi ne a wasu yanayi, musamman ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba sa amsa da kyau game da magani. Kamar yadda haɗarin kamuwa da cuta na iya ƙara mutanen da ke cire wannan gaɓa, ana nuna rigakafi irin su antipneumococcal da antimeningococcal. Duba ƙarin game da kulawa da dawowa bayan cirewar saifa.

Bugu da kari, zabin magani ya dogara da nau'ikan cutar karancin jini, alamun cutar da aka gabatar da kuma tsananin rashin lafiyar kowane mutum. Tsawan lokacin magani yana da canzawa, kuma a wasu lokuta zaka iya kokarin fara janye magunguna bayan kimanin watanni 6 don tantance martanin, gwargwadon jagorancin likitan jini.