Shin Nitrates da Nitrites a cikin Abinci suna cutarwa?

Wadatacce

• Menene nitrates da nitrites?
• Inda ake samun nitrates da nitrites
• Ta yaya nitrates ke shafar hawan jini da lafiyar zuciya
• Shin nitrates zai iya amfani da aikin jiki?
• Hadarin nitrates da nitrites
• Yadda za a rage girman tasirin nitrosamine
• Layin kasa

Nitrates da nitrites wasu mahadi ne wadanda suke faruwa a dabi'ance a jikin mutum da wasu abinci, kamar su kayan lambu. Masana'antu kuma suna sanya su cikin abincin da aka sarrafa, kamar naman alade, don adana su da kuma sanya su tsawon lokaci.

A wasu siffofin, nitrates da nitrites na iya zama masu haɗari. Koyaya, suna iya samun fa'idodin kiwon lafiya.

Wannan labarin yana nazarin nitrates da nitrites a cikin abincin.

Menene nitrates da nitrites?

Nitrates da nitrites nau'ikan mahadi ne guda biyu.

Nitrates (NO3) sun kunshi kwayar nitrogen daya da kuma atamomin guda uku. Nitrites (NO2) sun kunshi kwayar nitrogen daya da kuma kwayoyin oxygen guda biyu.

Nitrates ba shi da tasiri, wanda ke nufin sun kasance masu karko kuma da wuya su canza kuma su haifar da lahani.

Koyaya, kwayoyin cuta a cikin baki ko enzymes a cikin jiki na iya canza su zuwa nitrites, kuma waɗannan na iya zama cutarwa.

Hakanan, nitrites na iya juyawa zuwa:

• nitric oxide, wanda ke da amfani ga jiki
• nitrosamines, wanda zai iya cutarwa

Akwai ƙarin bayani game da waɗannan a ƙasa.

Masana'antu suna ƙara nitrites a cikin nama don kiyaye su. Su ne dalilin da ya sa naman da aka warkar ya zama ruwan hoda ko ja. A cikin nama, nitrites sun zama nitric oxide. Wannan yana tasiri tare da sunadarai a cikin naman, canza launinsa kuma yana taimakawa adana shi. (1).

Ba tare da nitrites da sauran abubuwan karawa ba, naman zai yi fari da sauri.

Nitrates da nitrites sune mahadi wanda ya kunshi nitrogen da oxygen. Nitrates na iya juyawa zuwa nitrites, wanda zai iya samar da nitric oxide (mai kyau) ko nitrosamines (mara kyau).

Inda ake samun nitrates da nitrites

Masu samar da abinci galibi suna ƙara nitrates da nitrites a cikin abincin da aka sarrafa, kamar naman alade, naman alade, tsiran alade, da karnuka masu zafi.

Wadannan addedarin mahaɗan suna taimakawa:

• hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa
• kara dandano mai gishiri
• inganta bayyanar nama ta hanyar bashi jan launi ko ruwan hoda

Yawan cin naman da aka sarrafa na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa a cikin hanyar narkewar abinci. Wasu mutane sunyi imanin cewa nitrates da nitrites sune dalilin ƙara haɗarin (2,).

Koyaya, nitrates da nitrites suma suna faruwa ne ta hanyar kayan lambu, wanda zai iya rage haɗarin wasu nau'o'in cutar kansa da sauran cututtuka (, 5).

A zahiri, a cewar wani binciken, mutane suna samun kusan 80% na abincin da suke ci daga kayan lambu ().

Jiki kuma yana fitar da nitrates kuma yana ɓoye su cikin yau (7, 8).

Nitrates da nitrites suna zagayawa daga tsarin narkewa zuwa cikin jini, sannan cikin miyau, da dawowa cikin tsarin narkewar abinci ().

Suna iya zama masu amfani wajen kiyaye lafiyar jikinka, kamar suna aiki kamar ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci. Zasu iya taimakawa wajen kashe kwayoyin cuta, kamar su Salmonella (, ).

Hakanan zasu iya juya zuwa nitric oxide (NO), muhimmin kwayar siginar sigina ().

Hakanan Nitrates yana faruwa ne ta hanyar halitta cikin ruwa. A wasu yankuna, yin amfani da takin na iya haifar da babban matakin nitrates wanda zai iya zama illa ga yara. Saboda wannan dalili, hukumomin kiwon lafiya suna daidaita matakan nitrate a cikin ruwan sha ().

Nitrates suna nan a cikin ƙananan yawa a cikin nama mai sarrafawa kuma cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin abinci mai ƙoshin lafiya kamar kayan lambu. Hakanan suna faruwa a cikin ruwan sha, kuma jikin mutum yana samar da nitrates, shima.

Ta yaya nitrates ke shafar hawan jini da lafiyar zuciya

A karkashin wasu yanayi, nitrite ya rasa iskar oxygen. Bayan haka, ya zama nitric oxide, muhimmin kwaya.

Nitric oxide (NO) yana da ayyuka daban-daban a jiki. Zai iya zama mai guba a cikin adadi mai yawa, amma kuma yana iya taimakawa kare jiki (14).

Mafi mahimmanci, shine kwayar siginar sigina. Yana tafiya ta cikin bangon jijiyoyin kuma yana aika sigina zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin tsoka da ke kusa da jijiyoyin, suna gaya musu su shakata ().

Lokacin da wadannan kwayoyin suka saki jiki, magudanan jini suna fadada, kuma hawan jini ya sauka.

Nitroglycerin magani ne mai dauke da sinadarin nitrates. Masu ba da kiwon lafiya suna amfani da shi don magance matsalar zuciya da sauran yanayi ().

Nitroglycerin na iya hana ko juya angina, wani nau'in ciwon kirji da ke faruwa yayin da tsokar zuciya ba ta samun isashshen iskar oxygen saboda ƙarancin jini.

Hakanan abincin nitrates da nitrites suma zasu iya canzawa zuwa nitric oxide, su faɗaɗa magudanan jini, da kuma saukar da hawan jini ().

Bincike ya nuna cewa abinci mai yawan nitrates da nitrites, kamar su gwoza ko ruwan gwoza, na iya rage hawan jini. A cikin binciken daya, hawan jini ya fadi har zuwa 4-10 mm / Hg na tsawon hoursan awanni (,,).

Hawan jini babban mawuyacin haɗari ne na cututtukan zuciya da shanyewar jiki, yanayi na yau da kullun waɗanda duka na iya zama barazanar rai.

A cikin jiki, nitrites na iya juya zuwa nitric oxide (NO), kwayar siginar sigina wacce ke haifar da jijiyoyin jini su fadada da rage hawan jini.

Shin nitrates zai iya amfani da aikin jiki?

Nazarin ya nuna cewa nitrates na iya haɓaka aikin jiki, musamman yayin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi.

Wasu mutane galibi suna amfani da bewaro ko juicea bean ruwan etwa don wannan dalili, saboda suna highauke da sinadarin nitrates.

Dalilin wannan haɓakawa a cikin aikin jiki na iya zama saboda nitrates yana haɓaka ƙimar mitochondria. Mitochondria sune sassan ƙwayoyin da ke samar da kuzari ().

Studiesan binciken sun nuna cewa ƙwaro zai iya rage kuɗin oxygen na motsa jiki da 5.4%, ƙara lokaci zuwa gajiya lokacin da yake tafiya da 15%, da haɓaka saurin gudu da 4% (,,)

Nazarin ya nuna cewa nitrates da nitrites na iya haɓaka aikin jiki, musamman yayin motsa jiki mai ƙarfi.

Hadarin nitrates da nitrites

Nitrates da nitrites sune mahimmin mahadi, amma zasu iya zama masu haɗari idan suka samar da nitrosamines. Nitrosamines na iya samarwa idan ka dafa nitrates ko nitrites a babban zafi. (25).

Akwai nau'o'in nitrosamines, kuma da yawa na iya ƙara haɗarin cutar kansa. (26).

Nitrosamines wasu daga cikin manyan cututtukan sankara a cikin hayakin taba, misali.

Naman alade, karnuka masu zafi, da naman da aka sarrafa za su iya ƙunsar manyan matakan duka sodium nitrite. Hakanan suna da yawan furotin, wanda ya kunshi amino acid. Lokacin da ake fuskantar babban zafi, wannan haɗin yana haifar da cikakkiyar yanayi don nitrosamines su samar ().

Dafaffen kayan lambu, duk da haka, da ƙyar zai iya haifar da nitrosamines. Ba safai mutane ke dafa kayan lambu a lokacin zafi mai yawa ba, kuma ba su ƙunshi furotin da yawa.

Lokacin da nitrites da amino acid suka kasance, mahaɗan carcinogenic da ake kira nitrosamines na iya samarwa yayin dahuwa tare da babban zafi.

Yadda za a rage girman tasirin nitrosamine

Masana'antu dole su taƙaita adadin nitrites da suke amfani dashi a cikin nama mai sarrafawa ta hanyar doka, saboda haɗarin da nitrosamines ke haifarwa.

Dole ne su ƙara bitamin C, wanda ke hana haɓakar nitrosamine ().

Naman da aka sarrafa wanda kuke ci a yau ya ƙunshi ƙananan nitrite fiye da yadda yake yi a decadesan shekarun da suka gabata.

Kuna iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar nitrosamine ta hanyar yin zaɓi mai kyau lokacin siyayya don sarrafa nama, kamar naman alade.

Wasu kantuna suna sayar da naman alade mai inganci wanda ba shi da nitrate. Ya kamata sinadaran ya nuna cewa naman alade ba shi da babban adadin abubuwan karawa wadanda ke dauke da nitrates.

Ya kamata ku bincika alamun don:

• sodium nitrate (E251)
• nitrite mai narkewa (E250)
• potassium nitrate (E252)
• nitrite mai narkewa (E249)

Yana da daraja a bincika abubuwan haɗin. Wasu hanyoyi na al'ada da na al'ada na kiyaye nama, kamar gishirin seleri, na iya ƙunsar nitrates. A sakamakon haka, wasu naman alade “marasa kyauta” na iya ƙunsar yalwar nitrates fiye da naman alade na al'ada (29).

Don tabbatar da samun naman alade mai ƙarancin nitrates, zaku iya gwada waɗannan masu zuwa:

• Sayi gida inda zai yiwu ko daga kasuwar manoma.
• Nemi mai sayar da naman alade daga aladen kiwon alade.
• Soya ko dafa naman alade a ƙaramin wuta na tsawan lokaci kuma guji ƙona shi.

Olderaya daga cikin tsofaffin binciken ya nuna cewa dafa naman alade a cikin microwave shine hanya mafi kyau don rage haɓakar nitrosamine (30).

Ga bidiyo tare da umarni kan yadda ake yin wannan.

Nitrates wani nau'i ne na adana abubuwa, kuma naman alade wanda ke da ƙarancin nitrates bazai daɗe ba. Kuna iya adana shi tsawon lokaci ta wurin daskarewa shi.

Kuna iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cutar ta nitrosamine ta hanyar zaɓar kayan sarrafa nama da kyau waɗanda ba su da ƙari a ciki wanda ya ƙunshi nitrates.

Layin kasa

Nitrates da nitrites wasu mahadi ne wadanda suke faruwa a dabi'ance a jikin mutum da wasu abinci. An kuma saka su cikin wasu abinci da aka sarrafa don tsawaita rayuwa.

Zasu iya canzawa zuwa sinadarin nitric, su fadada jijiyoyin jini, da rage hawan jini. Haka kuma, suna iya haɓaka aikin jiki.

Duk da haka, sinadarin nitrosamines na kwayar cutar zai iya samarwa idan ka dafa nitrates ko nitrites a babban zafi, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin lafiya.

Saboda tsauraran ƙa'idodi, akwai ƙananan nitrit a cikin abincin da aka sarrafa yau, kamar yadda masana'antun zasu iyakance adadin da suke amfani dashi.

Zaka iya rage haɗarin kamuwa da nitrosamine ta hanyar nazarin lakabin a hankali lokacin cin kasuwa don sarrafa nama don nemo samfur tare da iyakantacce ko babu ƙari wanda ya ƙunshi nitrates.