Burnididdigar ƙonawa

Wadatacce

• Menene ƙimar ƙonewa?
• Menene nau'ikan konewa?
• Yaya ake amfani da kimar ƙonawa?
• Me kuma ke faruwa yayin kimanta ƙonawa?
• Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da kimar ƙonawa?
• Bayani

Menene ƙimar ƙonewa?

Konewa wani nau'in rauni ne na fata da / ko wasu kyallen takarda. Fata ita ce mafi girman sashin jikinku. Yana da mahimmanci don kare jiki daga rauni da kamuwa da cuta. Hakanan yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa zafin jikin. Lokacin da fata ta ji rauni ko lalacewa ta ƙonewa, zai iya zama mai zafi sosai. Sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya daga ƙonewa na iya haɗawa da matsanancin rashin ruwa a jiki (asarar ruwa mai yawa daga jikinka), matsalolin numfashi, da cututtuka masu barazanar rai. Hakanan ƙonawa na iya haifar da nakasa da nakasa ta dindindin.

Burnimar ƙonewa tana duban yadda zurfin cikin ƙonewar ƙonewa (digiri na ƙonewa) da kuma yadda yanayin farfajiyar jikin ya ƙone.

Yawancin lokaci ana haifar da ƙonewa ta hanyar:

• Zafi, kamar wuta ko ruwan zafi mai zafi. Wadannan an san su da ƙonewar zafi.
• Sinadarai, irin su acid ko mayukan wanki. Suna iya haifar da kuna idan sun taba fatarka ko idanunka.
• Wutar lantarki. Kuna iya ƙonewa lokacin da wutar lantarki ta ratsa jikinku.
• Hasken rana. Zaka iya samun kunar rana a jiki idan ka bata lokaci mai yawa a rana, musamman idan baka sanya ruwan rana.
• Radiation. Wadannan nau'ikan konewa na iya haifar da wasu maganin kansar.
• Gogayya Lokacin da fata ta goge saman ƙasa sosai, zai iya haifar da abrasion (kankara) da aka sani da ƙonewar rikici. Kona gogayya sau da yawa yakan faru ne a cikin keke ko haɗarin babur lokacin da fata ta goge ƙasan hanyar. Sauran dalilan sun haɗa da zamewa ƙasa da igiya da sauri da faɗuwa daga matattara.

Sauran sunaye: ƙone kima

Menene nau'ikan konewa?

Nau'in ƙonawa suna dogara ne akan zurfin rauni, da aka sani da matsayin ƙonewa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda uku.

• Matsayi na farko ya ƙone. Wannan shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in ƙonawa. Abin yana shafar saman fata kawai, wanda aka fi sani da epidermis. Sonewa na matakin farko na iya haifar da zafi da ja, amma ba kumbura ko buɗe ƙwayoyi. Rashin kunar rana a jiki shine nau'ikan ƙone-digiri na farko. Matsayi na farko yana ƙarewa cikin mako ɗaya ko makamancin haka. Magungunan cikin gida na iya haɗawa da jiƙa yankin a cikin ruwan sanyi da kuma sanya shi da bandeji mara lafiya. Magungunan ciwo na kan-kan-kan ma na iya sauƙaƙa ƙananan ciwo na ƙonawa.
• Matsayi na biyu ya ƙone, wanda kuma ake kira m kauri konewa. Wadannan kone-kone sun fi na farkon matakin farko tsanani. Konewa na mataki na biyu yana shafar layin waje da na tsakiyar fata, wanda aka fi sani da fata. Suna iya haifar da ciwo, ja, da kumfa. Wasu ƙona-digiri na biyu za'a iya magance su da magungunan kashe kwayoyin cuta da kuma bandeji na bakararre. Seriousarin tsanani na digiri na biyu na iya buƙatar hanyar da aka sani da daskararren fata. Satar fata tana amfani da fata ta halitta ko ta wucin gadi don rufewa da kare yankin da aka ji rauni yayin da yake warkewa. Burnonewa na digiri na biyu na iya haifar da tabo.
• Matsayi na uku ya ƙone, wanda kuma ake kira cikakken kauri kuna. Wannan nau'in kuna ne mai tsananin gaske. Yana shafar layin waje, na tsakiya, da kuma na cikin fata. Launin da ke ciki an san shi da mai mai. Matsayi na uku na ƙonawa sau da yawa yakan lalata gashin gashi, ƙwanƙun gumi, jijiyoyin jijiyoyi, da sauran kyallen takarda a cikin fata. Wadannan kuna suna iya zama mai zafi sosai. Amma idan ƙwayoyin jijiya masu jin zafi sun lalace, ƙila za a sami ɗan kaɗan ko babu da farko. Wadannan kuna suna iya haifar da tabo mai tsanani kuma yawanci ana buƙatar bi da su ta fata.

Baya ga nau'in digiri, ana rarraba konewa azaman ƙarami, matsakaici, ko mai tsanani. Kusan duk matakin farko yana ƙonewa kuma wasu ƙananan digiri na biyu ana ɗauke da ƙananan. Duk da yake suna iya zama mai zafi sosai, da wuya su haifar da rikitarwa. Wasu ƙananan digiri na biyu da duk ƙonewar digiri na uku ana ɗaukarsu matsakaici ko mai tsanani. Konewa matsakaici da mai tsanani suna haifar da matsaloli na lafiya wasu lokuta kuma na mutuwa.

Yaya ake amfani da kimar ƙonawa?

Ana amfani da kimantawar ƙonawa don bincika matsakaiciyar rauni mai rauni. Yayin kimantawar kuna, mai ba da kula da lafiyarku zai kalli raunin a hankali. Shi ko ita ma za su gano kimanin kashi ɗari na duka sashin saman jiki (TBSA) wanda aka ƙone. Mai ba da sabis naka na iya amfani da hanyar da aka sani da "dokar tara" don samun wannan ƙimomin. Dokar tara tana raba jiki kashi 9% ko 18% (sau 2 9). An rarraba sassan kamar haka:

• Kai da wuya: 9% na TBSA
• Kowace hannu: 9% TBSA
• Kowace ƙafa: 18% TBSA
• Gaban baya (gaban jiki) 18% TBSA
• Gangar baya (na bayan jiki) 18% TBSA

Ba a amfani da ƙididdigar ƙididdigar tara. Jikinsu ya bambanta da na manya. Idan ɗanka yana da ƙonawa wanda ke rufe matsakaici zuwa babban yanki, mai ba da sabis naka na iya amfani da ginshiƙi, wanda ake kira ginshiƙi na Lund-Browder, don yin kimantawa. Wannan yana ba da ƙididdigar daidai bisa ga shekarun yaro da girman jikinsa.

Idan ku ko yaranku suna da ƙonewa wanda ke rufe ƙaramin yanki, mai ba ku sabis na iya amfani da kimantawa dangane da girman tafin hannun, wanda yake kusan 1% na TBSA.

Me kuma ke faruwa yayin kimanta ƙonawa?

Idan kuna da mummunan rauni na ƙonawa, ƙila ku buƙaci kimantawar gaggawa da aka sani da ƙimar ABCDE. Ana amfani da kimantawa na ABCDE don bincika tsarin jiki da ayyuka. Sau da yawa suna faruwa a cikin motar asibiti, dakunan gaggawa, da asibitoci. Ana amfani dasu don nau'ikan gaggawa na bala'i, gami da ƙonawa mai tsanani. "ABCDE" yana tsaye don ƙididdigar masu zuwa:

• Hanyar jirgin sama. Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai bincika duk wani toshewa a cikin hanyar iska.
• Numfashi. Mai ba da sabis zai bincika alamun wahalar numfashi, gami da tari, kumburi, ko numfashi. Mai ba da sabis ɗin na iya amfani da stethoscope don lura da sautin numfashinku.
• Kewaya. Mai ba da sabis zai yi amfani da na'urori don bincika zuciyar ku da bugun jini. Shi ko ita na iya sa siririn bututun da ake kira catheter a cikin jijiyar ku. Catheter wani bututun bakin ciki ne wanda yake dauke da ruwa a jikinka. Burns na iya haifar da asarar ruwa mai yawa.
• Nakasa. Mai ba da sabis zai bincika alamun lalacewar kwakwalwa. Wannan ya hada da dubawa don ganin yadda kuke amsawa ga maganganu daban daban da motsa jiki.
• Bayyana. Mai ba da sabis zai cire duk wani sinadarai ko abubuwa masu haifar da ƙonawa daga fatar ta hanyar zubar da yankin da ya ji rauni da ruwa. Shi ko ita na iya yin bandeji a yankin da suturar da ba ta da amfani. Hakanan mai ba da sabis ɗin zai bincika zafin jikinku, kuma ya dumama ku da bargo da ruwan ɗumi idan ya cancanta.

Shin akwai wani abin da ya kamata in sani game da kimar ƙonawa?

Konewa da gobara sune na huɗu mafi yawan sanadin mutuwar bazata ga yara da manya a cikin U.S. Youngananan yara, tsofaffi, da mutanen da ke da nakasa suna cikin haɗarin haɗarin ƙonewa da mutuwa. Ana iya kiyaye mafi yawan haɗarin haɗari tare da wasu matakan kariya masu sauƙi. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Saita hita ruwa zuwa 120 ° F.
• Gwada yawan zafin jiki na ruwa kafin ku ko yaranku su shiga baho ko wanka.
• Juya kayan aiki da tukwane zuwa bayan murhu, ko amfani da masu ƙona baya.
• Yi amfani da ƙararrawar hayaƙi a cikin gidan ku kuma bincika batura kowane watanni shida.
• Binciki igiyoyin lantarki kowane everyan watanni. Ka yar da duk wanda ya lalace ko ya lalace.
• Saka marufi a kan wutan lantarki waɗanda suke cikin isa ga yaro.
• Idan ka sha taba, kada ka taba shan taba a kan gado. Gobara da sigari, bututu, da sigari suka haifar sune ummal’aba’isin mutuwar mutane a gobarar gida.
• Yi hankali sosai lokacin amfani da dumama dumama jiki. Ka nisance su daga barguna, tufafi, da sauran kayan wuta masu saurin kamawa. Kada a bar su ba a kula.

Don ƙarin koyo game da ƙona jiyya ko rigakafin, yi magana da mai ba da kula da lafiyar ku ko mai ba da yaron ku.

Bayani

1. Agrawal A, Raibagkar SC, Vora HJ. Gogayya Burns: Epidemiology da Rigakafin. Ann Burns Bala'in Wuta [Intanet]. 2008 Mar 31 [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 19]; 21 (1): 3-6. Akwai daga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3188131
2. Asibitin Yara na Wisconsin [Intanet]. Milwaukee: Asibitin Yara na Wisconsin; c2019. Gaskiya game da raunin rauni; [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.chw.org/medical-care/burn-program/burns/facts-about-burn-injury
3. Familydoctor.org [Intanet]. Leawood (KS): Cibiyar Nazarin Likitocin Iyali ta Amurka; c2019. Konewa: Hana Konewa Cikin Gidanku; [sabunta 2017 Mar 23; da aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://familydoctor.org/burns-preventing-burns-in-your-home
4. Shafin Kasuwancin Merck Manual [Internet]. Kenilworth (NJ): Kamfanin Merck & Co., Inc.; c2019. Konewa; [aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/injuries-and-poisoning/burns/burns?query=burn%20evaluation
5. Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Intanet [Intanet]. Bethesda (MD): Konewa; [sabunta 2018 Jan; da aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/pages/Factsheet_Burns.aspx
6. Olgers TJ, Dijkstra RS, Drost-de-Klerck AM, Ter Maaten JC. Binciken ABCDE na farko a cikin sashin gaggawa a cikin marasa lafiyar marasa lafiya: nazarin matukin jirgi mai lura. Neth J Med [Intanet]. 2017 Apr [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; 75 (3): 106-111. Akwai daga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28469050
7. Strauss S, Gillespie GL. Bincike na farko da kuma kula da marasa lafiyar ƙonawa. Ni Nurse Yau [Intanet]. 2018 Jun [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; 13 (6): 16-19. Akwai daga: https://www.americannursetoday.com/initial-assessment-mgmt-burn-patients
8. TETAF: Texas EMS Trauma da Acute Care Foundation [Intanet]. Austin (TX): Texas EMS Trauma da Acute Care Foundation; c2000–2019. Ka'idar Gudanar da Aikin Likita; [aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: http://tetaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Burn-Practice-Guideline.pdf
9. Thim T, Vinther Karup NH, Grove EL, Rohde CV, Lofgren B. Binciken farko da magani tare da Hanyar Jirgin Sama, Bugawa, Zagawa, Rashin Lafiya, Bayyanawa (ABCDE) Int J Gen Med [Intanet]. 2012 Jan 31 [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; 2012 (5): 117-121. Akwai daga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273374
10. Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center [Intanet]. Rochester (NY): Jami'ar Rochester Medical Center; c2019. Kundin Lafiya na Kiwon Lafiya: Bayanin Konewa; [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da allo 2]. Akwai daga: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=90&ContentID=P01737
11. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2019. Cibiyar ƙonawa: Cibiyar ƙona tambayoyin da akai-akai; [sabunta 2019 Feb 11; da aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/burn-center/burn-center-frequently-asked-questions/29616
12. Kiwon Lafiya UW [Intanet]. Madison (WI): Jami'ar Wisconsin Asibitoci da Hukumomin Kula da Lafiya; c2019. Maganin Gaggawa: Tantance Konewa da Shirye-shiryen Rayarwa: Dokar Taran; [sabunta 2017 Jul 24; da aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 3]. Akwai daga: https://www.uwhealth.org/emergency-room/assessing-burns-and-planning-resuscitation-the-rule-of-nines/12698
13. Kungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya [Intanet]. Geneva (SUI): Kungiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya; c2019. Gudanar da ƙonawa; 2003 [wanda aka ambata 2019 Mayu 8]; [game da fuska 4]. Akwai daga: https://www.who.int/surgery/publications/Burns_management.pdf

Ba za a yi amfani da bayanan da ke wannan rukunin yanar gizon a madadin madadin ƙwararrun likitocin ko shawara ba. Tuntuɓi mai ba da kiwon lafiya idan kuna da tambayoyi game da lafiyarku.