Yanayi na gargajiya da kuma yadda yake alaƙa da Karen Pavlov
Wadatacce
- Ma'anar yanayin yanayin gargajiya
- Tsarin sharaɗa na gargajiya
- Sharuddan sani
- Matakai na kwandishan Pavlovian
- Kafin sanyaya
- Yayin kwantena
- Bayan kwandishan
- Gwada shi da kanku
- Misalan yanayin kwalliya
- Misali 1
- Misali na 2
- Misali na 3
- Kayan gargajiya na yau da kullun
- Aikace-aikace don lafiyar hankali
- Phobias
- PTSD
- Amfani da kwayoyi
- Tsarin gargajiya a cikin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
- Awauki
Ma'anar yanayin yanayin gargajiya
Kayan kwalliya na gargajiya wani nau'in ilmantarwa ne wanda yake faruwa a sume.
Lokacin da kuka koya ta hanyar kwandishan na gargajiya, ana haɗa amsa ta atomatik tare da takamaiman motsa jiki. Wannan yana haifar da hali.
Mafi kyawun sanannen misalin wannan shine daga abin da wasu suka gaskata shine mahaifin yanayin kwalliya: Ivan Pavlov. A wani gwaji game da narkar da kansar, ya gano cewa a tsawon lokaci karnuka suna salsala ba kawai lokacin da aka gabatar musu da abincinsu ba, amma lokacin da mutanen da suka ciyar da su suka iso.
Don gwada ka'idarsa cewa karnukan suna sallanci saboda suna haɗa mutane da ciyarwa, sai ya fara yin kararrawa sannan ya gabatar da abincin don haka za su haɗa sauti da abinci.
Waɗannan karnukan sun koyi haɗa alawar kararrawa da abinci, wanda ke sa bakinsu yin salati a duk lokacin da kararrawar ta tashi - ba kawai lokacin da suka ci karo da abincin ba.
Sanyin yanayi yana da amfani ta fuskar juyin halitta saboda ya taimaka mana ƙirƙirar tsammanin shirya abubuwan da zasu faru a nan gaba. Misali, rashin lafiya daga wani abinci yana taimaka mana danganta wannan abincin da cuta. Hakanan, wannan yana taimakawa hana mu yin rashin lafiya a nan gaba.
Dukkanmu muna fuskantar yanayin motsa jiki ta wata hanya a wata rayuwarmu.
A zamaninmu na yau, masu talla suna yawan amfani da shi don matsa kayansu. Misali, tallan kayan kwalliya suna amfani da 'yan wasa masu haske, masu santsi don jagorantar masu sayayya su haɗa kayansu da lafiyayyen fata.
A ƙasa mun karya yanayin kwalliya, muna ba da wasu misalai, kuma muna taimaka muku da kyau ku fahimci yadda ake amfani da shi cikin lafiya da walwala.
Misalin misali na karen Pavlov. Hotuna daga Ruth Basagoitia
Tsarin sharaɗa na gargajiya
Sharuddan sani
- Ulusarfafawa mara izini. Wannan shine abin da ke haifar da martani kai tsaye. Abinci shine motsawar da ba sharadi ba a gwajin kare Pavlov.
- Amsa mara sharadi Wannan shine irin martanin da yake faruwa a ɗabi'a lokacin da kuka sami nutsuwa ba tare da wani sharadi ba, kamar su ɗebo abinci.
- Ulusara motsa jiki. Wannan ana ɗauke shi azaman tsaka tsaki. Lokacin da aka gabatar da ku tare da shi sau da yawa kafin motsawar da ba a ƙayyade ba (misali, abinci), zai fara haifar da amsa iri ɗaya. Ararrawa kafin abinci shine yanayin motsa jiki.
- Amsa kwatankwacin Wannan shine amsar da aka samo game da yanayin motsa jiki (kararrawa), wanda sau da yawa amsa ɗaya ce azaman amsa mara sharadi. Don haka, karnukan sun yi sallamar don kararrawar kamar yadda suke jijiyoyin abinci a gabansu.
- Karewa Ana amfani da wannan kalmar lokacin da ka fara gabatar da yanayin motsa jiki (kararrawa) akai-akai amma ba tare da yanayin motsa jiki ba (abincin). Bayan lokaci, karnukan ba za su fahimci yanayin yadda kararrawar ke nufin abinci yana zuwa ba.
- Izationaddamarwa. Wannan yana nufin lokacin da zaku iya daidaita abubuwa iri ɗaya kuma ku ba da amsa iri ɗaya. Karnuka sun fara jin sauti a sautuna iri daya da kararrawa saboda suna yada abinda suka koya.
- Nuna Bambanci. Akasin yaduwa, wannan shine ikonmu na faɗi bambanci lokacin da wani abu yayi kama amma ba kamanceceniya ba, don haka ba zai samar da amsa iri ɗaya ba. Horarar ƙaho, alal misali, ba zai sa karnukan su yi sallama ba.
Matakai na kwandishan Pavlovian
Kafin sanyaya
Kafin kwanciyar hankali shine lokacin da motsawar mara izini da amsa mara izini suka shigo cikin wasa. Wannan martani ne na dabi'a wanda ba'a koyar dashi ba.
Misali, abinci yana samar da miyau, ko kwayar cutar ciki tana haifar da jiri.
A wannan gaba, har yanzu ana kiran yanayin motsa jiki mai motsa jiki mai tsaka tsaki saboda a halin yanzu bashi da wani tasiri.
Yayin kwantena
Mun fara haɗuwa da motsawar tsaka tsaki tare da amsawar ba tare da sharadi ba.
Misali, zaku iya alakanta wani nau'in abinci da kwayar cutar ciki, ko kararrawar kararrawa kafin samun abinci na iya kasancewa tare da karbar abinci.
Bayan kwandishan
Da zarar ka koyi yin tarayya da yanayin motsa jiki tare da amsar da ba a gindaya sharadi, sai ta zama mai amsa sharadin.
Don haka, takamaiman nau'in abinci yanzu yana haifar da tashin zuciya (koda kuwa ba lallai bane ya haifar da kwayar cutar ciki), kuma kararrawar tana haifar da salivation.
Ta wannan hanyar, kun san koyaushe don haɗa sabon motsawa (ko halin, abu, mutum, da dai sauransu) tare da amsa.
Gwada shi da kanku
“Ofishin” yana da babban misali (kuma mai ban dariya!) Misali na yanayin kwalliya:
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da zaku iya gwaji tare da daidaitawa a cikin rayuwar ku ta yau da kullun. Ga wasu matakai don la'akari:
- Irƙiri yanayi mai kyau tare da haske mai kyau da ɗakunan tsabta don ofishin gidanka don sanya shi kyakkyawan yanayin aiki. Kyakkyawan yanayin aiki na iya sanya muku sharaɗin samun ƙarin aiki.
- Irƙiri lokacin kwanciya don sanya kanka bacci da wuri. Kuna iya yin hakan ta hanyar rage hasken wuta da kuma gujewa allo mintina 30 kafin kwanciya. Wannan na iya haifar da yanayin bacci.
- Horar da dabbar gidan don yin ɗabi'un biyayya na yau da kullun ko dabaru na musamman ta hanyar roƙe su suyi aikin da saka musu lada iri ɗaya da ƙari. Kuna iya amfani da dabarar Pavlov kuma gwada wata kararrawa don sanar da su lokacin da abincin dare zai zo (kuma cewa ya kamata su zauna su jira cikin haƙuri).
- Koyayar da kyawawan halaye ga yara ta hanyar saka musu da ƙaramin abu ko kuma sabon abin wasa. Idan suna fama da rabawa, saka musu lokacin da suka yi kokarin rabawa.
Misalan yanayin kwalliya
Akwai misalai daban-daban na yanayin kwalliya da yadda zamu iya koya a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun.
Misali 1
Don fewan shekarun da suka gabata, kuna karɓar albashinku kowace Juma’a. Kodayake kuna da sabon aiki inda kuke karɓar albashin ku a ranaku daban-daban, har yanzu kuna jin daɗin Juma'a. An sanya muku sharaɗi don haɗa shi da tasirin karɓar wannan kuɗin.
Misali na 2
Kun taba shan sigari a wani waje a wajen aiki amma kwanan nan kuka daina shan sigari. Duk lokacin da ka je wannan wurin hutun na waje, jikinka yana sha'awar sigari.
Misali na 3
A lokacin hadari, itace yakan karye ya fado gidan ku, ya haifar da babbar asara. Yanzu duk lokacin da ka ji tsawa, sai ka ji damuwa.
Kayan gargajiya na yau da kullun
Duk da yake yanayin yanayin gargajiya yana da alaƙa da atomatik, amsoshin da aka koya, kwandastan aiki mai nau'ikan ilmantarwa ne.
A cikin yanayin motsa jiki, kuna koyon hali ta dalilin wannan halayyar, wanda hakan yana shafar halayenku na gaba.
Don haka, idan ɗabi'a ta sami sakamako mai gamsarwa, kuna koyon haɗa shi da wannan sakamakon kuma kuyi aiki don maimaita shi. A gefen juyi, mummunan sakamako zai sa ka guji wannan ɗabi'ar don guje wa wannan sakamakon.
A cikin koyarwar kare, ana ba da ladabi mai kyau tare da kulawa, yana mai da damar karninka ya zama kyakkyawan yaro ko yarinya don samun abin kulawa.
Ta wani bangaren kuma, mummunan hali ba zai samu lada ba, ko kuma yana iya samun hukunci. Hakan zai sa karenku kasa yin hakan nan gaba.
Yayinda ake ɗaukar yanayin karatun yau da kullun a matsayin ilmantarwa, yanayin aiki shine abin da yawancin mutane zasu ɗauka al'ada. Yana da game da ƙarfafawa kuma ana ɗauka mafi sarrafawa. Kayan kwalliya na gargajiya ana daukar su kamar na azanci.
Aikace-aikace don lafiyar hankali
Phobias
Ana amfani da kwandishan na gargajiya duka wajen fahimta da magance matsalar phobias. Abun tsoro shine wuce gona da iri, tsoro mara ma'ana ga wani abu takamaimai, kamar abu ko yanayi.
Lokacin da kake haɓaka phobia, yanayin gargajiya na iya bayyana shi sau da yawa.
Misali, idan kuna fuskantar wani fargaba a wani wuri - kamar lif - kuna iya fara haɗuwa da masu ɗauke da lif tare da firgita kuma ku fara gujewa ko jin tsoron duk hawa lif. Gwanin mummunan motsawa na iya shafar martani.
Abu mai mahimmanci a tuna shine cewa phobias ya dogara ne akan tsoro mara dalili. Kamar dai yadda yanayin kwalliya na gargajiya ya iya taka rawa a cikin “ilmantarwa” wannan matsalar phobia, hakanan yana iya taimakawa wajen magance ta ta hanyar sanya kwantaragi.
Idan wani ya fallasa abu ko halin da suke tsoro akai-akai ba tare da sakamako mara kyau ba, yanayin kwanciyar hankali zai iya taimakawa rashin tsoron. Da zarar kun shiga cikin ɗakunan hawa 100 kuma ba ku da wata damuwa, ya kamata ku daina haɗa shi da tsoro.
PTSD
Rikicin damuwa bayan tashin hankali (PTSD) mummunan tashin hankali ne wanda ke ci gaba bayan da ka sami matsala ta damuwa. Zai iya haifar maka da jin haɗari koda lokacin da kake cikin aminci.
Ana koyon wannan mummunan tashin hankali ta hanyar kwandishan. Mutanen da ke tare da PTSD suna da ƙungiyoyi masu ƙarfi da ke kewaye da cutar.
Amfani da kwayoyi
Yanayin shara ya zama cikin wasa tare da mutanen da ke murmurewa daga rikicewar amfani da abu.
Mutanen da suka yi amfani da ƙwayoyi a wasu wurare ko kuma tare da wasu mutane galibi suna cikin yanayi na rashin sani don haɗa jin daɗin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da waɗannan abubuwa.
Wannan shine dalilin da yasa likitoci da yawa zasu ba da shawarar mutane cikin amfani da abu don dawowa don kauce wa yanayi da yanayin da suke haɗuwa da amfani da abu don kaucewa haifar da sake dawowa.
Tsarin gargajiya a cikin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali
Ana amfani da nau'ikan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali iri biyu a matsayin abin ƙyama:
- daukan hotuna
- ƙyama far
Yawancin lokuta ana amfani da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali don rikicewar damuwa da ɓarna. Mutum ya fallasa abin da yake tsoro. A tsawon lokaci suna da sharadin kada su ƙara jin tsoronsa.
Maganin juya baya da nufin dakatar da halaye mai cutarwa ta hanyar maye gurbin amsa mai kyau tare da amsa mara kyau. Ana amfani da wannan sau da yawa don rashin amfani da abubuwa, kamar giya.
Likita na iya rubutawa wani magani wanda zai sanya shi rashin lafiya idan ya sha giya, don haka mutum ya haɗa shaye-shaye da jin rashin lafiya.
Irin wannan maganin sau da yawa baya tasiri da kansa. Madadin haka, ana amfani da haɗin magungunan kwantar da hankali.
Awauki
Kayan shara na gargajiya wani nau’i ne na rashin sani, koya kai tsaye. Duk da yake mutane da yawa suna tunanin karen Pavlov, akwai misalai ɗari a rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna yadda yanayin yau da kullun ya shafe mu.
Ana amfani da yanayin kwalliya na gargajiya a cikin tallace-tallace, koyo da magance fargaba ko ɓarna, ƙarfafa halaye masu kyau, har ma don taimakawa kare ku, kamar kan guba ko wasu abinci. Hakanan yana iya taimakawa cikin horar da dabbobi.