Duk abin da kuke Bukatar Ku sani Game da Gwajin Coronavirus

Wadatacce

• Wadanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen COVID-19 ne suka fi yawa?
• Me game da gwajin rigakafin COVID-19?
• Ta yaya suke gwajin coronavirus?
• Yaya daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen COVID-19?
• Nawa ne kudin yin gwajin coronavirus?
• Yaya tsawon lokaci ake ɗauka don samun sakamakon gwajin COVID-19?
• Bita don

Yayin da cutar ta COVID-19 ke ci gaba da yaduwa, masana kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun sha nanata mahimmancin dabarun gwaji mai kyau wajen sassauta yaduwar cutar. Duk da cewa kuna jin labarin gwajin coronavirus na tsawon watanni, kuna iya ɗan ɗan ruɗe kan cikakkun bayanai.

Na farko, san wannan: Akwai zaɓuɓɓukan gwaji daban -daban da yawa a can, kuma yayin da wasu sun fi sauran daidai, babu ɗayansu cikakke. Kowane nau'in gwajin coronavirus yana da ~ abin ~ da ke faruwa, amma idan aka ba da cewa wataƙila ba ku je makarantar likitanci ba kuma cewa akwai sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa a cikin gwaji koyaushe, yana iya zama da wahala a kiyaye komai.

Ko kuna buƙatar yin gwaji don COVID-19 ko kawai kuna son karantawa kan abubuwan da ke tattare da gwajin coronavirus, ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani. (Idan kuna da alamomi, ku kuma karanta: Abin da za ku yi Idan kuna tsammanin kuna da Coronavirus)

Wadanne nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen COVID-19 ne suka fi yawa?

Gabaɗaya, akwai manyan nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen bincike guda biyu don SARS-CoV-2, kwayar cutar da ke haifar da COVID-19. ("Diagnostic" na nufin ana amfani da gwaje -gwaje don ganin ko kuna da cutar a halin yanzu.)

Dukkan gwaje-gwajen biyu na iya gano kamuwa da cutar COVID-19 mai aiki, amma sun bambanta, a cewar Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna (FDA). FDA ta rushe shi ta wannan hanyar:

• Gwajin PCR: Hakanan ana kiranta gwajin ƙwayoyin cuta, wannan gwajin yana neman kayan halittar COVID-19. Yawancin gwaje-gwajen PCR sun haɗa da ɗaukar samfurin majiyyaci da jigilar shi zuwa lab don bincike.
• Gwajin Antigen: Hakanan an san shi azaman gwaje -gwaje masu sauri, gwajin antigen yana neman takamaiman sunadarai daga ƙwayar cuta. An ba su izini don kulawa, ma'ana ana iya yin gwajin a ofishin likita, asibiti, ko wurin gwaji.

Idan kun ziyarci likitanku na farko don gwaji, wataƙila za ku sami gwajin PCR, in ji Amesh A. Adalja, MD, babban malami a Cibiyar Tsaro ta Lafiya ta Johns Hopkins. "Wasu ofisoshin suna da gwajin antigen, kodayake," in ji shi. Wace gwajin da aka ba ku yawanci ya dogara da abin da likitan ku ke da shi, fifikon su na sirri, da alamomin ku (idan kuna da su). "Gwajin antigen ba FDA ta amince da ita don yin gwajin asymptomatic ba tukuna, kuma yawancin likitoci ba za su ba da umarnin gwajin antigen ga wani ba tare da alamun cutar ba," in ji Dokta Adalja.

Gwajin coronavirus a gida wani zaɓi ne. A tsakiyar Nuwamba, FDA ta ba da izinin gwajin COVID-19 na farko a gida, wanda ake kira Lucira COVID-19 Kit ɗin Gwaji-In-One. Lucira yayi kama da gwajin PCR a cikin duka biyun suna neman kayan gado daga kwayar cutar (kodayake tsarin kwayoyin Lucira "gaba daya ana tunanin ba shi da inganci" fiye da na gwaje-gwajen PCR, bisa ga binciken. Jaridar New York). Ana bayar da kit ɗin ta hanyar takardar sayan magani kuma yana ba wa mutane masu shekaru 14 da haihuwa damar gwada kansu a gida tare da samar da kumburin hanci. Daga can, ana saka swab a cikin vial (wanda kuma ya zo tare da kit), kuma za ku sami sakamako a cikin minti 30.

Me game da gwajin rigakafin COVID-19?

Har zuwa yau, FDA ta ba da izinin gwaje-gwaje fiye da 50 na rigakafin cutar coronavirus wanda zai iya tantance ko a baya kun kamu da COVID-19 ta hanyar neman kasancewar ƙwayoyin rigakafi-wato, sunadaran da ke ɗaure da ƙwayar cuta (a wannan yanayin, COVID- 19). Koyaya, FDA ta ce ba a sani ba ko kasancewar waɗannan waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi suna nufin ƙaramin haɗarin kamuwa da COVID-19 na gaba. Fassara: Gwajin tabbatacce don ɗaure ƙwayoyin rigakafi baya nufin ba za ku iya sake kamuwa da COVID-19 kai tsaye ba.

Ba duk gwajin rigakafin rigakafin cutar coronavirus ba ne ke gano iri ɗaya iri na rigakafi, ko da yake. Gwaji ɗaya, wanda ake kira cPass SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit, yana neman kawar da ƙwayoyin rigakafi maimakon ɗaure ƙwayoyin rigakafi. Magungunan rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta sunadarai ne waɗanda ke ɗaure zuwa wani ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta, a cewar FDA. Ba kamar ƙwayoyin rigakafi masu ɗaure ba, ƙwayoyin rigakafin da aka gano a cikin wannan gwajin COVID an samo su a cikin saitin lab don rage kamuwa da kwayar cutar SARS-CoV-2 na sel. A takaice dai, idan kuna da ƙwayoyin rigakafi, ba zai yuwu ku sake kamuwa da COVID-19 ba ko kuma za ku iya kamuwa da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, muddin waɗannan ƙwayoyin rigakafi har yanzu suna cikin jikin ku, a cewar FDA. Bincike da aka buga a cikin mujallar likita Kariya yana ba da shawarar cewa rigakafin ƙwayoyin rigakafi na iya kasancewa a cikin jiki har tsawon watanni biyar zuwa bakwai bayan kamuwa da COVID-19.

Wancan ya ce, FDA ta lura cewa har yanzu ana binciken tasirin rigakafin ƙwayoyin cuta a kan SARS-CoV-2 a cikin mutane. Ma'ana, gwada tabbatacce ga kowane nau'in rigakafin coronavirus ba lallai ba ne yana nufin kun kasance a sarari. (Ƙari a nan: Menene Ma'anar Ma'anar Ma'anar Gwajin Kwayar Cutar Coronavirus Mai Kyau?)

Ta yaya suke gwajin coronavirus?

Akwai wasu bambance -bambancen, dangane da nau'in gwajin da kuke samu. Idan ana yin gwajin maganin rigakafi, kuna buƙatar ba da samfurin jini. Amma abubuwa sun ɗan bambanta tare da gwajin PCR ko gwajin antigen.

Yawancin gwajin PCR ana tattara su ta hanyar swab na nasopharyngeal, wanda ke amfani da tsari mai tsayi, sirara, Q-kamar tsari zuwa samfurin sel daga ainihin bayanan ku na hanci, ko swab na hanci, wanda yayi kama da nasopharyngeal swab amma baya' t koma har zuwa. Koyaya, FDA ta ce ana iya tattara gwaje -gwajen PCR ta amfani da mai bugun jini/lavage (watau wanke hanci) ko samfurin yau, dangane da gwajin. A gefe guda kuma, ana yin gwajin antigen tare da nasopharyngeal ko swab na hanci.

A mafi yawan yanayi, za a gwada ku ta hanyar swab na hanci, in ji Dokta Adalja. "Ba shi da dadi," in ji shi. "Ya sha bamban da sanya yatsanka sama da hanci ko sanya Q-tip a cikin hanci." Za a iya dan hura hanci bayan haka, kuma wasu mutane sun ƙi yin gwajin bisa ga rashin jin daɗi, in ji Dokta Adalja. Amma wannan haushin na ɗan lokaci kaɗan ne don biyan dabarun da ke da mahimmanci don rage yaduwar COVID-19, in ji shi.

Yaya daidaitattun gwaje-gwajen COVID-19?

Daidaiton gwajin Coronavirus ya dogara da mai yawa na abubuwa daban -daban. Na farko, nau'in gwajin cutar da kuke samu. William Schaffner, MD, kwararre kan cutar da farfesa a Makarantar Medicine ta Jami'ar Vanderbilt ya ce "Ana ɗaukar gwajin PCR a matsayin ma'aunin zinare." "Idan kun sami lokacin daidai kuma kuna da kyau ko mara kyau akan ɗayan waɗannan, tabbas kuna da kyau ko mara kyau."

Saurin gwajin antigen ya ɗan bambanta. "Sun yi kaurin suna wajen bayar da sakamako mara kyau [ma'ana gwajin ya ce ba ku da kwayar cutar yayin da kuke da gaske]," in ji Dokta Schaffner. La'akari da kusan kashi 50 na duk gwajin antigen na COVID na iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau, "dole ne ku fassara su da taka tsantsan," in ji Dokta Schaffner. Don haka, idan kwanan nan aka fallasa ku ga wani da ke da COVID-19 kuma kun gwada rashin lafiya tare da saurin gwajin antigen, bai kamata ku kasance da gaba ɗaya kwarin gwiwa cewa ba ku da kyau sosai, in ji shi.

Lokaci yana da mahimmanci, in ji masanin cututtukan cututtukan Debra Chew, MD, MPH, mataimakiyar farfesa na likitanci a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Rutgers New Jersey. "Idan kun fara farkon rashin lafiyar ku, wataƙila ba za ku iya nuna alamar kwayar cutar inda gwajin zai kasance mai inganci ba," in ji ta. "A daya bangaren, idan kun gabatar da makare don gwaji, kuna iya zama mara kyau, koda da gaske kuna da kwayar."

Ana mamakin menene, daidai ake ɗauka "farkon" ko "marigayi"? Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan na binciken bakwai da aka buga a cikin mujallar ilimin likitanci Annals na Magungunan Ciki yana sanya wannan jerin lokutan cikin hangen nesa: Yiwuwar sakamakon gwajin PCR na ƙarya mara kyau yana raguwa daga kashi 100 a ranar 1 bayan fallasa kashi 67 cikin ɗari a rana ta huɗu. Kuma a ranar da wani ya fara bayyanar cututtuka (a matsakaita, kwana biyar bayan fallasa), binciken ya gano cewa kusan kashi 38 cikin ɗari na iya samun karatun ƙarya. Wannan yuwuwar ta ragu zuwa kashi 20 cikin ɗari kawai kwana uku bayan nuna alamun - ma'ana sakamakon gwajin PCR ɗin ku na coronavirus zai iya zama daidai idan an gwada ku kusan kwanaki biyar zuwa takwas bayan fallasa da kusan kwana uku bayan nuna alamun, a cewar bincike.

Ainihin, tsawon lokacin da kuka jira, mafi kyau - cikin dalili, in ji Dokta Schaffner. Idan kun san an fallasa ku ga wani mai COVID-19, ya ba da shawarar jira har zuwa kwanaki shida bayan fallasa don yin gwaji. "Yawancin mutanen da za su zama masu inganci za su zama masu kyau a ranar shida, bakwai, ko takwas," in ji shi.

Nawa ne kudin yin gwajin coronavirus?

Ya danganta da inda kuka je. Idan kun ziyarci wurin gwajin coronavirus, yakamata ya zama kyauta, ko da kuna da inshorar lafiya, in ji Dokta Adalja. Idan kun ziyarci likitan ku na farko ko kuma wani mai ba da lafiya, gwajin da kansa ya kamata a rufe shi da inshora (ko da yake har yanzu kuna iya tsammanin za ku kasance da alhakin biyan haɗin gwiwa), in ji Richard Watkins, MD, likitan cuta a Akron, Ohio. , da kuma farfesa na likitanci na ciki a Jami'ar Likitocin Ohio ta Arewa maso Gabas. "Idan kun damu, zaku iya kiran lambar da ke bayan katin inshora ku tabbatar," in ji Dr. Watkins. (Ga yadda telemedicine ke haɓakawa yayin bala'in COVID-19.)

Idan ba ku da inshorar lafiya amma kun je ofishin likita ko asibiti don gwajin coronavirus, yawanci za ku ɗauki alhakin duk ziyarar, in ji Dokta Schaffner. Wannan zai iya samun kyau tsada dangane da inda kuka je (tunanin: ko'ina tsakanin $20 da $850 a kowane gwaji, kuma wannan baya haɗa da wasu kudade waɗanda zasu iya zama ɓangare na ziyarar).

Dangane da inda za a gwada coronavirus, kuma, wuraren gwajin coronavirus (watau cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a cikin alummar ku) sune mafi kyawun fare tunda sun kyauta. CVS, Walgreens, da Rite Aid suma suna aiki da wuraren gwaji na COVID-19 (wanda na iya ko ba zai zo da farashin aljihu ba, gwargwadon matsayin inshorar ku). Tabbatar ku duba shafukan yanar gizon sassan kiwon lafiya na jihar ku da na gida don cikakkun bayanai na yau da kullun kan gwajin coronavirus kusa da ku.

Yaya tsawon lokaci ake ɗauka don samun sakamakon gwajin COVID-19?

Bugu da ƙari, ya dogara. Yana iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa ko kwanaki da yawa (wani lokacin sati ɗaya ko fiye) don samun sakamakon gwajin PCR ɗin ku, gwargwadon yadda aka goyi bayan ɗakin binciken ku na gida, in ji Dokta Schaffner. Gwaje-gwajen rigakafi na iya ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa zuwa makonni don samun sakamakonku - kuma, ya danganta da gidan binciken da aka aika zuwa gare shi.

Gwajin Antigen, a gefe guda, na iya ba ku sakamako cikin ƙasa da awa ɗaya, a cewar FDA. Amma kuma, wannan hanyar, yayin da sauri, ba a ɗauke ta daidai kamar gwajin PCR ba.

Gabaɗaya, masana sun ba da shawarar ɗaukar sakamakon gwajin ku na coronavirus tare da ƙwayar gishiri. "Kasancewa mara kyau yana nufin ba ku kamu da cutar ba a lokacin da aka yi gwajin," in ji Dokta Watkins. "Kuna iya kamuwa da cutar a cikin wucin gadi."

Idan kun gwada rashin lafiyar cutar amma kuna da alamun COVID-19, Dr. Chew ya ba da shawarar tuntuɓar likitan ku na farko game da ko ya kamata ku sake gwadawa. (Mai alaƙa: Yaushe, Daidai, Ya Kamata Ya Kamata Ka Sanya Kai Idan Kana Tunanin Kuna da Coronavirus?)

Yayin da gwaji ya fi yadda yake a farkon barkewar cutar kuma akwai ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka yanzu, kawai ku tuna cewa har yanzu ba cikakken tsari bane. "Mutane suna neman cikakkun amsoshi [a cikin wannan annoba]," in ji Dr. Schaffner. "Kuma ba za mu iya ba su hakan ba tare da gwajin COVID-19."

Bayanai a cikin wannan labarin daidai ne har zuwa lokacin da ake bugawa. Kamar yadda sabuntawa game da coronavirus COVID-19 ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, yana yiwuwa wasu bayanai da shawarwari a cikin wannan labarin sun canza tun farkon bugawa. Muna ƙarfafa ku da ku bincika akai-akai tare da albarkatu kamar CDC, WHO, da sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida don ƙarin sabbin bayanai da shawarwari.

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