Menene ainihin Fasfon na rigakafin COVID?

Wadatacce

• Menene fasfo na rigakafi?
• Shin akwai fasfo na rigakafi don wasu cututtuka?
• Ta yaya za a yi amfani da fasfo na rigakafin COVID-19?
• Ta yaya tasirin fasfo din rigakafin COVID zai iya zama iyakance yaduwar kwayar cutar?
• Gabaɗaya, shin fasfo ɗin rigakafin COVID ra'ayi ne mai kyau ko mara kyau?
• Bita don

Ya zuwa wannan na biyun, kusan kashi 18 na al'ummar Amurka suna da cikakkiyar allurar rigakafin COVID-19, kuma da yawa suna kan hanyarsu ta samun harbin nasu. Wannan ya haifar da wasu manyan tambayoyi game da yadda cikakken allurar rigakafin mutane za su iya yin balaguro lafiya da sake shiga wuraren taruwar jama'a-daga gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da filayen wasa zuwa bukukuwa da otal-yayin da suka fara buɗewa. Wata mafita mai yuwuwa da ke ci gaba da fitowa? Fasfo na rigakafi na COVID.

Misali, jami'an jihar a New York, alal misali, sun ƙaddamar da fasfot na dijital da ake kira Excelsior Pass wanda mazauna za su iya saukar da son rai kyauta don nuna shaidar rigakafin COVID (ko gwajin COVID-19 mara kyau da aka ɗauka kwanan nan). Fas ɗin, wanda yayi kama da tikitin shiga jirgin sama na wayar hannu, ana nufin amfani dashi a "manyan wuraren nishaɗi kamar Madison Square Garden" yayin da waɗannan wuraren suka fara buɗewa, a cewar sanarwar. Associated Press. A halin yanzu, a cikin Isra'ila, mazauna za su iya samun abin da aka sani da "Green Pass," ko takardar shaidar rigakafin COVID-19 wanda Ma'aikatar Lafiya ta ƙasar ta bayar ta hanyar app. Pass ɗin yana ba wa waɗanda aka yiwa cikakkiyar allurar rigakafi, da waɗanda suka warke kwanan nan daga COVID-19, don samun damar zuwa gidajen abinci, wuraren motsa jiki, otal, gidajen sinima, da sauran wuraren nishaɗin jama'a.

An ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Amurka tana la’akari da wani abu makamancin haka, kodayake babu wani abu mai ƙima a wannan lokacin. "Ayyukanmu shine mu taimaka wajen tabbatar da cewa duk wani mafita a wannan yanki ya zama mai sauƙi, kyauta, bude tushen, samun dama ga mutane ta lambobi da takarda, kuma an tsara su tun daga farko don kare sirrin mutane," Jeff Zients, wani martanin coronavirus na Fadar White House. Coordinator, ya ce a wani taron tattaunawa a ranar 12 ga Maris.

Amma ba kowa ne ke goyon bayan ra'ayin ba. Gwamnan Florida Ron DeSantis kwanan nan ya ba da umarnin zartarwa wanda ya haramtawa 'yan kasuwa buƙatar abokan ciniki don nuna tabbacin cewa an yi musu allurar rigakafin COVID-19. Umurnin ya kuma hana duk wata hukuma ta gwamnati a jihar fitar da takardu da nufin bayar da shaidar allurar rigakafin, tare da lura da cewa, "fasfo na allurar rigakafin yana rage 'yancin mutum kuma zai cutar da sirrin marasa lafiya."

Wannan duk yana dagawa mai yawa na tambayoyi game da fasfo na rigakafi da yuwuwar su na gaba. Ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani.

Menene fasfo na rigakafi?

Fasfo na allurar rigakafi bugawa ce ko rikodin dijital na bayanan lafiyar mutum, musamman tarihin rigakafin su ko rigakafi ga wata cuta, in ji Stanley H. Weiss, MD, farfesa a Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Rutgers New Jersey da Sashen Biostatistics & Epidemiology a Makarantar Rutgers na Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a. Game da COVID-19, wannan na iya haɗawa da bayani game da ko an yiwa wani allurar rigakafin cutar ko kuma kwanan nan an gwada mara kyau ga COVID.

Da zarar an ba wani fasfo, ra'ayin shine cewa za su iya tafiya zuwa wasu wurare kuma, bisa ka'ida, a ba su dama ga wasu kasuwanci, abubuwan da suka faru, ko yankuna, in ji Dokta Weiss.

Babban burin fasfot na allurar rigakafi shine iyakancewa da ɗauke da yaduwar cuta, in ji Dr. Weiss. "Idan kun damu da yada wata cuta ta musamman, dole ne ku rubuta cewa an yi muku allurar don rage haɗarin yaduwa yana da ma'ana," in ji shi. (Mai alaƙa: Duk abin da kuke Bukatar Sanin Game da Tasirin Alurar rigakafin COVID-19)

Fasfo na allurar rigakafi shima yana da mahimmanci don balaguron ƙasa da ƙasa saboda "duniya tana kan lokuta daban -daban don allurar rigakafin," in ji masanin cututtukan cututtuka Amesh A. Adalja, MD, babban masani a Cibiyar Tsaron Lafiya ta Johns Hopkins. "Sanin an yi wa wani alluran rigakafin na iya sauƙaƙe tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasashen waje saboda wannan mutumin na iya buƙatar keɓewa ko a gwada shi," in ji shi.

Shin akwai fasfo na rigakafi don wasu cututtuka?

Iya. "Wasu ƙasashe na buƙatar tabbacin zazzabin zazzabin rawaya," in ji Dokta Adalja.

Zazzaɓin rawaya, ICYDK, ana samunsa a wurare masu zafi da wurare masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka da Afirka kuma yana yaduwa ta hanyar cizon sauro, a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Cutar "na iya haifar da barkewar cutar," ta bar mutane da zazzabi, sanyi, ciwon kai, da ciwon tsoka a mafi kyau kuma, a mafi munin, gazawar gabobin jiki ko mutuwa, in ji Shital Patel, MD, mataimakiyar farfesa a fannin magunguna a cikin cututtuka masu yaduwa a Kwalejin Baylor na Magani. "Bayan an yi muku allurar rigakafin cutar zazzaɓin rawaya, za ku karɓi sa hannu da hatimi 'katin rawaya,' wanda aka sani da Takaddun rigakafin Alurar riga kafi ko Prophylaxis (ko ICVP), wanda kuke ɗauka akan tafiyarku" idan kuna tafiya zuwa wani wuri da ke buƙatar tabbaci allurar rigakafin zazzabin cizon sauro, ta bayyana. (Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya tana da cikakken jerin ƙasashe da yankunan da ke buƙatar katin rigakafin cutar zazzabin shawara.)

Ko da ba ka taɓa yin tafiya a ko'ina da ke buƙatar tabbacin rigakafin cutar zazzabin shawara ba, mai yiwuwa ka kasance har yanzu kana shiga cikin fasfo na rigakafi iri-iri ba tare da saninsa ba, in ji Dokta Patel: Yawancin makarantu suna buƙatar rigakafin yara da takaddun cututtuka kamar kyanda, polio, da hepatitis B kafin yara su yi rajista.

Ta yaya za a yi amfani da fasfo na rigakafin COVID-19?

A ka'ida, fasfo na rigakafin COVID zai ba mutane damar komawa rayuwar "al'ada" - kuma, musamman, don sassauta ka'idojin COVID-19 a cikin taron jama'a.

“Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun riga sun fara tunanin yin amfani da tabbacin allurar rigakafin a matsayin wata hanya ta canza ayyukan yayin da suke mu’amala da allurar,” in ji Dokta Adalja. "Mun riga mun ga wannan a wasannin motsa jiki." NBA's Miami Heat, alal misali, kwanan nan ya buɗe sassan allurar rigakafin-kawai don magoya baya a wasannin gida (duk da umarnin zartarwa na Gwamna DeSantis da ya haramta kasuwanci daga buƙatar shaidar abokan ciniki na rigakafin COVID). Magoya bayan da suka sami allurar COVID "za a shigar da su ta wata kofa ta daban kuma a buƙaci su nuna katin rigakafin cututtuka na Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka," tare da takaddun kwanan wata akan katin da ke tabbatar da cewa an yi musu cikakkiyar allurar (ma'ana sun karɓi allurai biyu. na allurar Pfizer ko Moderna, ko kashi ɗaya na allurar Johnson & Johnson) na aƙalla kwanaki 14, a cewar NBA.

Wasu ƙasashe na iya fara buƙatar tabbacin allurar COVID don baƙi na duniya (ƙasashe da yawa, gami da Amurka, sun riga sun ba da umarnin sakamakon gwajin COVID mara kyau lokacin isowa), in ji Dokta Adalja.

Har yanzu, hakan ba yana nufin gwamnatin tarayya ta Amurka za ta bayar ko buƙatar fasfunan rigakafin COVID na yau da kullun ba, Anthony Fauci, MD, darektan Cibiyar Allergy da Cututtukan Cututtuka na Amurka, ya ce a kan Wasan Siyasa kwasfan fayiloli. "Za su iya shiga cikin tabbatar da an yi abubuwa cikin gaskiya da adalci, amma ina shakkar gwamnatin tarayya za ta zama jagorar sashin [fasfo na rigakafin COVID]," in ji shi. Koyaya, Dr. Fauci ya ce wasu kasuwancin da makarantu na iya buƙatar shaidar allurar rigakafi don shiga cikin gine -gine. "Ba na cewa ya kamata ko za su yi ba, amma ina cewa za ku iya hango yadda wata ƙungiya mai zaman kanta za ta ce, 'To, ba za mu iya yin mu'amala da ku ba sai mun san cewa an yi muku allurar,' amma ba za a ba shi izini daga gwamnatin tarayya ba, ”in ji shi.

Ta yaya tasirin fasfo din rigakafin COVID zai iya zama iyakance yaduwar kwayar cutar?

Yawancin wannan hasashe ne a wannan lokacin, amma Dr. Patel ya ce fasfunan rigakafin COVID-19 “na iya yin tasiri wajen hana yaɗuwa,” musamman tsakanin mutanen da ba a yi musu allurar rigakafi a yankunan da ke da ƙarancin allurar rigakafi ba. A bayyane yake, kodayake, CDC ta ce mutanen da ke da cikakkiyar rigakafin "na iya har yanzu samun COVID-19 kuma su yada shi ga wasu," ma'ana tabbacin rigakafin ba lallai ba ne ya ba da tabbacin rigakafin cutar ta COVID.

Menene ƙari, Dr. Weiss ya ce yana da wuya a tabbatar ta hanyar bincike yadda tasirin waɗannan manufofin fasfo na rigakafi ke iya zama. Koyaya, ya kara da cewa, "A bayyane yake cewa mai kamuwa da cuta ne kawai ke kamuwa da ku idan kun kamu da ita kuma mutumin yana iya kamuwa da cutar."

Wannan ya ce, fasfo na rigakafin COVID-19 ya zo da yuwuwar ɓata ko wariya ga mutanen da ba su da damar yin rigakafin. Misali, wasu al'ummomin ba su da ayyukan da ake buƙata don samun damar yin amfani da maganin, kuma wasu mutane ƙila ba za su so a yi musu allurar ba saboda wani yanayin kiwon lafiya, kamar rashin lafiyar ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan rigakafin. (Mai alaƙa: Na sami allurar COVID-19 a cikin ciki na Watanni 7-Ga abin da nake so ku sani)

"Wannan ƙalubale ne," in ji Dokta Patel. "Ya kamata mu tabbatar da cewa duk wanda ke son a yi masa allurar ya samu damar yin allurar kuma zai iya yin allurar, babu shakka akwai bukatar mu samar da tsare-tsare da tsare-tsare don hana wariya da kuma kare jama'a don dakile cutar."

Gabaɗaya, shin fasfo ɗin rigakafin COVID ra'ayi ne mai kyau ko mara kyau?

Da alama masana na tunanin haka wasu buƙatun don nuna shaidar rigakafin COVID zai taimaka. "Akwai fa'idodi ga wani nau'i na takaddun shaida don shigar da alluran rigakafin a wasu yanayi don taimakawa ragewa da dakatar da yaduwar COVID-19," in ji Dr. Patel. "Yaya don kewaya wannan zai zama mai rikitarwa. Yana buƙatar zama a bayyane, tunani, da sassauƙa, musamman yayin da damar samun alluran rigakafi ke ƙaruwa."

Dr. Weiss ya yarda. Yayin da yake lura da damuwa game da mutanen da ke cin zarafin tsarin (karanta: fito da fasfo na karya), ya ce, a ƙarshe, "ra'ayin ƙuntata wasu ayyuka a wannan lokacin cikin lokaci ga waɗanda ke da takaddun alluran rigakafi kyakkyawan ra'ayi ne."

Bayanai a cikin wannan labarin daidai ne har zuwa lokacin da ake bugawa. Yayin da sabuntawa game da coronavirus COVID-19 ke ci gaba da haɓaka, yana yiwuwa wasu bayanai da shawarwari a cikin wannan labarin sun canza tun farkon bugawa. Muna ƙarfafa ku da ku bincika akai-akai tare da albarkatu kamar CDC, WHO, da sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida don ƙarin sabbin bayanai da shawarwari.

Bita don