Menene diphtheria, bayyanar cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Alamun cutar fitsari
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Maganin fitsari
• Yadda za a hana kamuwa da cuta

Diphtheria cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce kwayar cuta ke haifarwa Corynebacterium diphtheriae wanda ke haifar da kumburi da raunin ɓangaren numfashi, kuma zai iya shafar fata, kasancewar ya fi yawa a tsakanin yara tsakanin shekara 1 zuwa 4, ko da yake hakan na iya faruwa a kowane zamani.

Wannan kwayar cutar na iya samar da gubobi wadanda suke shiga cikin jini kuma hakan na iya kaiwa ga sassa daban-daban na jiki, amma galibi yana shafar hanci, makogwaro, harshe da hanyoyin iska. Mafi wuya, gubobi kuma na iya shafar wasu gabobin kamar zuciya, kwakwalwa ko koda, misali.

Ana iya daukar kwayar cutar cikin cikin sauki daga mutum zuwa mutum ta hanyar shakar digon ruwa wadanda aka dakatar dasu a cikin iska yayin da mai cutar diphtheria yayi tari ko atishawa. Yana da mahimmanci a gano cutar da zarar alamun farko sun bayyana, saboda ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a fara maganin bisa ga shawarar babban likitan ko likitan kwaminisanci.

Alamun cutar fitsari

Alamar cutar babura na iya bayyana kwana 2 zuwa 5 bayan hulda da kwayoyin cuta kuma yawanci yakan kai kwanaki 10, manyan su sune:

• Samuwar alamun duwatsu masu launin toka a yankin tonsils;
• Kumburi da ciwon wuya, musamman lokacin haɗiyewa;
• Kumburin wuya tare da ruwa mai zafi;
• Babban zazzaɓi, ya fi 38ºC;
• Hancin hanci da jini;
• Rauni da jajayen fata akan fata;
• Launin Bluish a cikin fata saboda rashin isashshen oxygen a cikin jini;
• Tashin zuciya da amai;
• Coryza;
• Ciwon kai;
• Rashin numfashi.

Yana da mahimmanci a kai mutum asibiti na gaggawa mafi kusa ko asibiti da zaran alamun farko na kamuwa da cutar zazzaɓi sun bayyana, saboda akwai yiwuwar za a yi gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da asalin kamuwa da cutar kuma, don haka, fara magani mafi dacewa , guje wa kamuwa da cutar da yada shi zuwa wasu mutane.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

A yadda aka saba ana gano asalin cutar diphtheria tare da kimantawa ta zahiri, wanda likitan ke aiwatarwa, amma kuma ana iya yin oda don tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar. Don haka, abu ne gama gari ga likita yayi odar gwajin jini da al'adun sirrin makogwaro, wanda dole ne ya zo daga ɗayan alamun da ke cikin maƙogwaron kuma ƙwararren masani ne ya tattara su.

Al'adar ɓoyayyiyar maƙogwaron tana da niyyar gano kasancewar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma, idan ya tabbata, ana yin maganin rigakafi don ayyana wacce kwayar cuta ce ta fi dacewa don magance cutar. Saboda kwayar cutar ta iya yaduwa cikin sauri cikin jini, likita na iya neman al'adar jini don gano ko cutar ta riga ta isa jini.

Maganin fitsari

Dole ne likita, wanda yawanci likitan yara ne ya jagoranci jiyya don cutar diphtheria, saboda yana da kamuwa da cuta ga yara, kodayake babban likita ko cututtukan cututtuka na iya ba da shawarar wasu lokuta. Da farko, ana yin magani tare da allurar diphtheria antitoxin, wanda wani sinadari ne da zai iya rage tasirin dafin da kwayoyin diphtheria ke fitarwa a cikin jiki, da sauri inganta alamomi da saukaka farfadowar.

Koyaya, dole ne a haɗa kulawa har yanzu da:

• Maganin rigakafi, yawanci Erythromycin ko Penicillin: wanda za'a iya gudanarwa a cikin hanyar allunan ko a matsayin allura, har zuwa kwanaki 14;
• Oxygen mask: ana amfani da shi lokacin da kumburin kumburin makogwaro, don ƙara yawan iskar oxygen cikin jiki;
• Magungunan zazzabi, kamar Paracetamol: taimako don rage zafin jiki na jiki, yana rage damuwa da ciwon kai.

Bugu da kari, yana da matukar muhimmanci mutum, ko kuma yaron, tare da cutar gyambon ciki ya zauna a huta na akalla kwanaki 2, don saukaka murmurewa, baya ga shan ruwa mai yawa da rana don kiyaye jiki da kyau.

Lokacin da akwai babban haɗarin kamuwa da cutar zuwa wasu mutane, ko kuma lokacin da alamun suka yi ƙarfi sosai, likita na iya ba ka shawara ka yi maganin yayin da kake asibiti, kuma ma yana iya faruwa ka zauna a wani keɓewar ɗaki, don gujewa watsa kwayoyin cuta.

Yadda za a hana kamuwa da cuta

Babbar hanyar hana kamuwa da cutar ita ce ta rigakafi, wanda, baya ga kariya daga kamuwa da diphtheria, yana kuma kariya daga cutar tetanus da tari. Wannan alurar riga kafi ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a allurai uku, a bada shawara a wata 2, 4 da 6, kuma a inganta shi tsakanin watanni 15 zuwa 18 sannan tsakanin 4 zuwa 5. Bincika ƙarin bayani game da rigakafin cutar diphtheria, tetanus da pertussis.

Idan mutumin ya sadu da mai haƙuri tare da cutar diphtheria, yana da mahimmanci a je asibiti don gudanar da allurar rigakafin cutar sankarar mahaifa kuma, don haka, hana kamuwa da yaduwar cutar zuwa wasu mutane. Duk da kasancewa mafi yawanci ga yara, manya waɗanda ba su da allurar rigakafin cutar diphtheria ko kuma suna da rauni a garkuwar jiki, sun fi saukin kamuwa da Corynebacterium diphtheriae.