Menene dyscalculia, manyan alamun cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Dyscalculia ita ce wahalar koyon lissafi, wanda ke hana yaro fahimtar ƙididdiga masu sauƙi, kamar ƙari ko ragi, koda kuwa babu wata matsala ta fahimi. Don haka, wannan sauyin ana yawan kwatanta shi da dyslexia, amma don lambobi.

Galibi, waɗanda ke fama da wannan matsalar suma suna da matsala ƙwarai wajen fahimtar ko waɗanne lambobi sun fi yawa ko ƙasa.

Kodayake ba a san takamaiman dalilinsa ba, dyscalculia galibi ana alakanta shi da wasu matsalolin natsuwa da fahimta, kamar ƙarancin hankali da ƙyamar jiki ko dyslexia, misali.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Alamomin farko na cutar dyscalculia sun bayyana yayin kimanin shekaru 4 zuwa 6, lokacin da yaron ke koyon lambobin, kuma ya haɗa da:

• Matsalar kirgawa, musamman a baya;
• Jinkirta cikin koyon ƙara lambobi;
• Matsala cikin sanin wanne lamba ya fi girma, yayin kwatanta lambobi masu sauƙi kamar 4 da 6;
• Ba zai iya ƙirƙirar dabarun ƙidaya ba, kamar ƙidaya a yatsansa, misali;
• Matsanancin wahala ga lissafin da suka fi rikitarwa
• Guji yin ayyukan da zasu iya haɗa da lissafi.

Babu wani gwaji ko jarabawa dayake iya gano dyscalculia, kuma saboda wannan yana da mahimmanci a tuntubi likitan yara wanda dole ne yayi kimantawa akai-akai game da ikon kirga yaron har sai ya yiwu a tabbatar da cutar.

Lokacin da aka yi zato cewa yaron na iya kamuwa da cutar dyscalculia, yana da muhimmanci a sanar da dangi da malamai don su san alamun alamun matsalar, ban da ba su ƙarin lokaci da sarari don su yi ayyukan da suka haɗa da amfani na lambobi.

Tun da ilimin lissafi yana daga cikin batutuwan da suka fi taimakawa a ci gaban fahimi, ya kamata a gano wannan matsalar da wuri-wuri, don fara jinya da guje wa jin rashin tsaro da rashin tabbas, misali.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Dole ne iyaye, dangi, abokai da malamai su yi maganin dyscalculia tare kuma ya ƙunshi taimaka wa yaro don ƙirƙirar dabarun da zai ba su damar shawo kan matsalar su.

Don wannan, yana da matukar mahimmanci a gwada wuraren da yaro ya fi sauƙi, sannan ƙoƙarin haɗa su cikin koyon lambobi da lissafi. Misali, idan abu ne mai sauki ayi zane, zaka iya tambayar yaron ya zana lemu 4 sannan ayaba 2 sannan, a karshe, kayi kokarin kirga 'ya'yan itacen da aka zana.

Wasu ra'ayoyin waɗanda yakamata su zama jagora ga duk ayyuka sune:

• Yi amfani da abubuwa don koyarwa lissafi don karawa ko ragi;
• Fara a matakin da yaron zai ji daɗi kuma a hankali a hankali zuwa ga mafi rikitarwa matakai;
• Keɓe isasshen lokaci don koyarwa don kwantar da hankali da taimaka wa yaro don yin atisaye;
• Rage bukatar haddacewa;
• Sa ilmantarwa ya zama mai daɗi kuma ba tare da damuwa ba.

Hakanan yana da mahimmanci mu guji ɓatar da lokaci mai yawa wajen bayanin ayyuka, koda lokacin amfani da hanyar fun. Wannan saboda daukar lokaci mai yawa yana tunani a kan abu guda zai iya barin yaron cikin takaici, wanda hakan ke da wuya ya haddace da kuma duk tsarin karatun.