Duchenne dystrophy na muscular: menene menene, alamomi da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• 1. Amfani da magunguna
• 2. Zaman gyaran jiki
• Menene tsawon rai
• Yawancin rikitarwa na kowa
• Me ke haifar da wannan nau'in dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce ke shafar maza kawai kuma ana alakanta shi da rashin furotin a cikin tsokoki, wanda aka sani da dystrophin, wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye ƙwayoyin tsoka lafiya. Sabili da haka, wannan cuta tana haifar da raunin jiki gabaɗaya na musculature, wanda ya sa ya zama da wahala ga yaro ya kai mahimman ci gaban ci gaba, kamar zama, tsaye ko tafiya.

A lokuta da yawa, ana gano wannan cutar ne kawai bayan shekara 3 ko 4 lokacin da yaro ya sami canje-canje ta hanyar tafiya, gudu, hawa bene ko tashi daga bene, tun da wuraren da abin ya fara shafa su ne kwatangwalo, cinyoyi da kafadu. Tare da tsufa, cutar ta shafi yawancin tsokoki kuma yara da yawa sun dogara da keken guragu a kusan shekaru 13.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy ba shi da magani, amma maganinsa yana taimakawa jinkirta ci gaban cutar, kula da bayyanar cututtuka da hana faruwar rikice-rikice, musamman a matakan zuciya da na numfashi. Don haka, yana da matukar mahimmanci a sami magani tare da likitan yara ko wani likita wanda ya kware a cutar.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Babban alamun cutar Duchenne muscular dystrophy galibi ana iya gane su daga shekarar farko ta rayuwa har zuwa shekara 6, ci gaba da taɓarɓarewa tsawon shekaru, har sai da ya kai shekaru 13, yaron ya dogara da keken guragu.

Wasu daga cikin mafi yawan alamun da alamun yau da kullun sun haɗa da:

• Rashin jinkirin zama, tsayawa ko tafiya;
• Matsi ko wahalar hawa matakala ko gudu;
• Volumeara girma a cikin maruƙan, saboda maye gurbin ƙwayoyin tsoka da mai;
• Matsalar motsawar gidajen ka, musamman lankwasa kafafun ka.

Tun daga samartaka, rikitarwa na farko mafi tsanani na cutar na iya fara bayyana, wato, wahalar numfashi saboda rauni na diaphragm da sauran tsokoki na numfashi, har ma da matsalolin zuciya, saboda raunin jijiyoyin zuciya.

Lokacin da rikitarwa suka fara bayyana, likita na iya daidaita maganin don ƙoƙarin haɗawa da maganin rikitarwa da haɓaka ƙimar rayuwa. A cikin mafi munin yanayi, kwantar da asibiti na iya ma zama dole.

Yadda za a tabbatar da ganewar asali

A lokuta da dama, likitan yara yana shakkar dystrophy na mushen Duchen ne kawai ta hanyar tantance alamomi da alamun da aka gabatar yayin ci gaba.Koyaya, ana iya yin su daga jini don gano adadin wasu enzymes, kamar su creatine phosphokinase (CPK), wanda aka sakashi cikin jini lokacin da akwai raunin tsoka.

Hakanan akwai gwaje-gwajen kwayoyin halitta, wadanda ke taimakawa wajen gano wani tabbataccen bincike, kuma wadanda ke neman sauye-sauye a kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da cutar.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Kodayake dystrophy na mushen Duchen ba shi da magani, akwai magunguna wadanda ke taimakawa hana saurin ci gaba da ba da damar kula da alamomin, da bayyanar rikitarwa. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan jiyya sun haɗa da:

1. Amfani da magunguna

A mafi yawan lokuta, maganin Duchenne muscular dystrophy ana yin sa ne tare da amfani da magungunan corticosteroid kamar su prednisone, prednisolone ko deflazacort. Wadannan kwayoyi ya kamata a yi amfani dasu tsawon rayuwa, kuma suna da aikin tsara tsarin garkuwar jiki, suna aiki azaman anti-inflammatory da jinkirta asarar aikin tsoka.
Koyaya, dogon amfani da corticosteroids yawanci yana haifar da sakamako masu illa da yawa kamar ƙãra ci, riba mai nauyi, kiba, riƙe ruwa, osteoporosis, gajeren jiki, hauhawar jini da ciwon sukari, kuma yakamata a yi amfani dashi ƙarƙashin kulawar likita. Duba ƙarin game da menene corticosteroids da yadda suke shafar lafiya.

2. Zaman gyaran jiki

Nau'ikan aikin motsa jiki da aka saba amfani dasu don magance duhenne muscular dystrophy sune motsa jiki da kinesiotherapy na numfashi da hydrotherapy, wanda ke nufin jinkirta rashin iya tafiya, kiyaye ƙarfin tsoka, magance zafi da hana rikicewar numfashi da ƙashin kashi.

Menene tsawon rai

Tsammani na rayuwar Duchenne muscular dystrophy ya kasance tsakanin shekaru 16 zuwa 19, duk da haka, tare da ci gaban magani da fitowar sabbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali da kulawa, an ƙara wannan tsammanin. Don haka, mutumin da ya sha magani wanda likita ya ba da shawarar zai iya rayuwa sama da shekara 30 kuma ya yi rayuwa daidai gwargwado, tare da al'amuran maza na sama da shekaru 50 da cutar.

Yawancin rikitarwa na kowa

Babban matsalolin da Duchenne muscular dystrophy ya haifar sune:

• Mai tsananin scoliosis;
• Wahalar numfashi;
• Namoniya;
• Rashin wadatar Zuciya;
• Kiba ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki.

Bugu da ƙari, marasa lafiya da wannan dystrophy na iya fuskantar raunin hankali na matsakaici, amma wannan halayyar ba ta da alaƙa da tsawon lokaci ko tsananin cutar.

Me ke haifar da wannan nau'in dystrophy

A matsayin cuta ta kwayar halitta, dystrophy na mushen Duchenne ya faru ne lokacin da maye gurbi ya faru a ɗayan kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da jiki don samar da furotin dystrophin, kwayar DMD. Wannan furotin yana da matukar mahimmanci saboda yana taimakawa kwayoyin tsoka su kasance cikin koshin lafiya a kan lokaci, yana kare su daga raunin da ya faru sakamakon lalacewar tsoka da annashuwa.

Don haka, lokacin da aka canza kwayar DMD, ba'a samar da isasshen furotin ba kuma tsokoki sun ƙare da rauni da wahala a kan lokaci. Wannan furotin yana da mahimmanci duka ga tsokoki masu daidaita motsi, da kuma na jijiyar zuciya.