Shin Gwajin Kiwon Lafiyar Gida yana Taimakawa ko cutar da ku?

Wadatacce

• Ƙananan Farashi
• Kuskuren Mai Amfani
• Ƙayyadaddun Sakamako da Bayanai
• Ƙwayoyin Ayyuka Mai Ƙarfi da Rashin Gaskiya
• Gabatarwa Mai Neman Lafiya
• Bita don

Idan kuna da asusun Facebook, wataƙila kun ga fiye da 'yan abokai da dangi suna raba sakamakon gwajin DNA na Ancestry. Abin da kawai za ku yi shine neman gwajin, kuɓe kunci, mayar da shi zuwa lab, kuma cikin 'yan kwanaki ko makonni, zaku gano ainihin inda kakanninku suka fito. Kyawawan ban mamaki, dama? Ka yi tunanin idan yin gwaje-gwajen likita ya kasance mai sauƙi. Da kyau, ga wasu gwaje-gwaje-kamar na wasu nau'ikan STDs, lamuran haihuwa, haɗarin ciwon daji, da matsalolin bacci-a zahiri shine wannan sauki. Iyakar abin da kawai? Likitoci ba su gamsu da cewa duk gwaje-gwajen da ake samu don amfanin gida suna da mahimmanci, ko mafi mahimmanci, m.

Yana da sauƙin fahimtar dalilin da yasa mutane za su yi sha'awar gwada kansu a gida idan zai yiwu. Maja Zecevic, Ph.D., MPH, MPH, wanda ya kafa kuma Shugaba na Opionato ya bayyana cewa "Gwajin gida samfur ne na haɓaka amfani da kiwon lafiya, wanda ke jan hankalin masu amfani tare da samun dama, dacewa, iyawa, da sirrinsa." "Ga mutane da yawa, ana amfani da gwajin gida a matsayin wata hanya don ƙarin koyo game da kansu da lafiyarsu-ta kasance cikin damuwa ko son sani."

Ƙananan Farashi

Wani lokaci, gwajin gida na iya zama mafita ga matsalar tsada. Ɗauki karatun barci, wanda gabaɗaya likitan likitancin barci ke yi lokacin da ake zargin wani yana da matsalar barci. Neil Kline, DO, DABSM, wakilin kungiyar bacci ta Amurka ya bayyana cewa, "Amfanin gwajin bacci a gida shine mafi ƙarancin tsada fiye da madadin da aka samar da dakin gwaje-gwaje." Maimakon biyan kuɗi don amfani da sararin lab a cikin dare, likitoci za su iya tura majiyyatan su gida tare da kayan aikin da ake buƙata don yin gwajin, sannan su sadu da su don tantance sakamakon. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen gida-gida galibi ana amfani da su don tantance rashin bacci, kodayake ana haɓaka sabuwar fasaha don gwadawa da lura da rashin bacci a gida, haka nan. Wannan misali ɗaya ne na yadda gwajin gida-da gaske zai iya zama da amfani ga duka marasa lafiya da likitoci-bayar da duka tare da bayanan da suke buƙata a ƙaramin farashi.

Ofaya daga cikin manyan iƙirarin kamfanonin gwajin gida-gida suna yi shine cewa suna sa bayanan kiwon lafiya su kasance masu sauƙin amfani ga masu amfani. Likitoci sun yarda da wannan batu, musamman lokacin da ake gwada ƙananan lamuran kiwon lafiya waɗanda za su iya zama babba a nan gaba kamar HPV, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin cutar kansar mahaifar mace. "Babban fa'idar gwajin gida-gida shine yin gwaje-gwaje ga matan da ba su da damar kula da lafiya yawanci," in ji Nieca Goldberg, MD, darektan likita na Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Mata ta Joan H. Tisch a NYU Langone. Ga waɗanda ba su da inshora, STD a gida da gwajin haihuwa na iya ba da zaɓi mafi araha. (Mai Alaƙa: Ta yaya Tsoron Ciwon Mahaifa ya Sa Na Dauki Lafiyar Jima'i Mai Girma fiye da Da)

Kuskuren Mai Amfani

Har yanzu, yayin da gwajin STI na gida da HPV kamar uBiome's SmartJane na iya kawo gwaji ga waɗanda ba za su iya samun ta ba, kamfanonin gwajin da kansu suna da hankali don nuna cewa gwajin shine. ba maye gurbin jarrabawar ob-gyn na shekara da smear. Don haka me yasa zaku damu da gwajin gida-gida tun farko? Bugu da ƙari, akwai batutuwan kayan aiki tare da ba da irin wannan gwajin a gida. Gwajin HPV gabaɗaya yana buƙatar swabbing cervix don samun ingantaccen samfurin. Fiyyaz Pirani, Shugaba kuma wanda ya kafa STDcheck.com ya ce "Mata da yawa ba su san yadda za su shafa mahaifar mahaifarsu ba, don haka da alama ba za su sami cikakken samfurin da sakamakon gwaji ba."

Wannan shine ɗayan dalilai da yawa na kamfanin Pirani baya ba da zaɓi na gwaji a gida don abokan ciniki. Maimakon haka, dole ne su ziyarci ɗaya daga cikin sama da 4,500 da ke da alaƙa a duk faɗin ƙasar don yin gwaji. "Gidajen marasa lafiya ba su yi daidai da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na CLIA wadanda ke taimakawa tabbatar da cewa samfuran da aka tattara ba su gurbata ba kuma an adana su daidai," in ji shi. Wurin gwajin da ba na haihuwa ba na iya nufin rashin ingantaccen sakamakon gwaji. Bugu da ƙari, akwai gaskiyar cewa dakunan gwaje-gwajen da suke aiki da su na iya sau da yawa ba majiyyaci sakamakon gwaji a cikin sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48-kafin gwajin saƙon har ma ya isa dakin gwaje-gwaje don gwaji. Wannan yana nufin ƙarancin lokacin jira, wanda zai iya zama babban taimako, musamman don gwajin STD.

Ƙayyadaddun Sakamako da Bayanai

Ko don gwajin bacci-yanki ɗaya inda gwajin cikin gida yake da alamar alƙawarin-akwai bayyanannun rashi. "Hasara ita ce bayanan da aka tattara sun ragu sosai," in ji Dokta Kline. Bugu da kari akwai 'yan yanayin barci da za'a iya gwadawa a gida. Amma abin da ya bambanta waɗannan gwaje -gwajen bacci da gaske shine shigar likita. Ba wai kawai likita ke ba da odar gwajin da ya dace ga mai haƙuri da bayar da takamaiman umarni kan yadda ake yin shi ba, amma kuma suna nan don taimakawa fassara sakamakon.

Zecevic ya ce "Gwajin gida yana dogaro da bayanan bayanai na lokaci guda wanda galibi baya nuni ga ilimin halittar mutum, ilimin halittar jiki, da/ko ilimin cuta." Misali, gwaje-gwajen ajiyar kwai na gida, wanda ke auna wasu sinadarai don kimanta yawan kwai da mace ke da shi, ya shahara ga matan da ke kokarin yin ciki. Amma wani bincike na baya-bayan nan da aka buga a JAMA gano cewa samun ƙananan ajiyar kwai ba ya nuna cewa mace ba za ta yi ciki ba. Wannan da gaske yana nufin gwaje-gwajen ajiyar kwai suna ba da bayanai kaɗan game da haihuwa. "Haihuwa wani yanayi ne mai rikitarwa kuma mai yawa wanda ya dogara da tarihin likita, salon rayuwa, tarihin iyali, kwayoyin halitta, da dai sauransu. Gwaji daya ba zai iya gaya wa kowa ba," in ji Zecevic. Ga wanda ba ya yin mu'amala da likita don gano wannan bayanin, irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen a gida na iya zama yaudara. Kuma haka yake ga sauran damuwar kiwon lafiya, kamar haɗarin cutar kansa. "Yawancin yanayin kiwon lafiya sun fi rikitarwa fiye da bayanan bayanai sau ɗaya," in ji ta.

Ƙwayoyin Ayyuka Mai Ƙarfi da Rashin Gaskiya

Gwajin DNA na gida shine ɗan tsutsotsi na tsutsotsi, a cewar Keith Roach, MD, likita mai kulawa na farko da abokiyar halartar likitan a NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center. Baya ga gwaje-gwajen da suka fi zama abin nishaɗi, kamar gwajin zuriyar 23andMe ko bayanan lafiyar DNAFit da bayanan martaba na abinci, akwai kuma gwaje-gwaje na gida daga kamfanoni kamar Launi waɗanda ke ƙayyade haɗarin ku na wasu cututtuka, kamar ciwon daji, Alzheimer, da ƙari. Dokta Roach ya lura cewa yayin da waɗannan gwaje -gwajen ke ba da mafi kyawun bayanai masu kyau, bankunan bayanan da suke amfani da su ba su da fa'ida iri ɗaya da faɗin bayanai waɗanda ɗakunan binciken asibiti na gargajiya suke yi don kwatanta samfurori. "Ina shakkar cewa akwai kurakurai da yawa, amma na tabbata akwai wasu, kuma hakan na iya zama matsala, saboda ainihin lahani tare da irin wannan gwajin yana da alaƙa da abubuwan ƙarya kuma har zuwa ƙarami, na ƙarya abubuwa marasa kyau, ”in ji shi. (Mai alaƙa: Wannan Kamfani Yana Ba da Gwajin Halitta don Ciwon Ciwon Nono a Gida)

Likitocin kulawa na farko a wasu lokuta sukan zama masu bacin rai game da marasa lafiya waɗanda suka yi gwajin ƙwayoyin halittar gida, galibi saboda ga mutane da yawa, gwajin na iya haifar da matsaloli fiye da ƙima. "Wasu daga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haifar da cutarwa fiye da amfana saboda damuwa da kashe kuɗi, da kuma yiwuwar cutar da gwajin da aka yi amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa gwajin farko na ƙarya ne," in ji Dokta Roach. "Mutane suna shigowa suna cewa, 'Ina da wannan gwajin da aka yi kuma na sami wannan amsar yanzu kuma na damu sosai game da lamarin kuma ina so ku taimaka mini in gano hakan," in ji shi. "A matsayina na likitanci, kuna da matukar takaici saboda wannan ba gwajin da dole ne ku ba da shawarar ga mara lafiyar."

Ɗauki wani wanda ba shi da tarihin iyali na ciwon nono, ba ya cikin ƙabilar da ke da haɗari ga shi, amma duk da haka, ya dawo tare da ingantaccen maye gurbin BRCA bayan kammala gwajin kwayoyin halitta a gida. A wannan gaba, likita gabaɗaya zai maimaita gwajin a ɗakin binciken nasu don gano ko da gaske mutumin yana da kyau don maye gurbi. Idan gwaji na gaba ya ƙi, wannan shine ƙarshensa. "Amma idan dakin gwaje -gwaje na biyu ya tabbatar da sakamakon gwajin, to kuna buƙatar ɗaukar matakin gaba da baya kuma ku fahimci cewa ba tare da la'akari da kyakkyawan sakamakon gwajin ba, har ma mafi kyawun gwaje -gwajen na iya zama kuskure. Ga wanda ba shi da haɗarin musamman, har ma sakamako mai kyau daga gwajin da aka yi da kyau har yanzu yana iya zama tabbataccen ƙarya fiye da tabbataccen tabbatacce." Ma'ana, tattara bayanai game da lafiyar ku ya rage game da samun ƙarin bayanai da ƙari game da samun bayanan * dama*.

Gabatarwa Mai Neman Lafiya

Wannan ba shine a ce gwajin DNA na gida don haɗarin kwayoyin halitta ba shi da amfani, ko da yake. Dr.Roach ya san wani likitan da aka yi masa gwajin DNA saboda yana yin wasu ayyuka na kamfanin gwajin DNA, kuma ya gano cewa yana da babbar haɗari ga macular degeneration, yanayin da ke haifar da ƙarancin gani ko rashin gani. Saboda haka, ya sami damar ɗaukar matakan kariya don taimakawa rage haɗarinsa da kiyaye hangen nesa. "Don haka ga wasu mutane, akwai fa'ida mai amfani ga yin waɗannan nau'ikan gwaje -gwaje. Amma gabaɗaya, yin gwajin asibiti ba tare da kyakkyawan dalili ba yana iya haifar da illa fiye da kyau."

Babu ɗayan wannan bayanin taka tsantsan shine a faɗi cewa duk gwajin gida-gida mara kyau ne. "A ƙarshen ranar, duk gwajin gida-gida wanda ke haifar da mutum ya gano cewa suna da wani abu mai cutarwa (kamar STI) yana da tasiri mai kyau ga lafiyar jama'a, saboda a yanzu za su iya yin aiki kan wannan sakamakon kuma su nemi magani, "in ji Pirani. Kuma yayin da gwajin barci, kwayoyin halitta, da haihuwa ba su da sauƙi, har yanzu akwai wasu fa'idodi, musamman idan kun tattauna dacewar gwajin tare da likitan ku tukuna.

Gabaɗaya, wannan ita ce babbar shawarar likitoci ga masu amfani da sha'awar gwajin gida: "Zan ba da shawarar kamfani gabaɗaya kuma gwadawa kawai idan sun ba da damar yin magana da ƙwararren ƙwararren likita (zai fi dacewa likita) da zarar kun sami sakamakon, "in ji James Wantuck, MD, mai haɗin gwiwa kuma babban jami'in kula da lafiya na PlushCare. Don haka idan akwai zaɓin yin taɗi da likita kafin lokaci, kuna gwadawa.

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