Shin Zuma tana Taɓar da Mummuna? Abin da Ya Kamata Ku sani

Wadatacce

• Menene Zuma?
• Me yasa zuma zata iya dadewa sosai
• Yana da Highari sosai a cikin Sugar kuma inasa cikin Danshi
• Yana Acidic
• Kudan zuma na da enzymes na musamman wadanda ke danne ci gaban kwayoyin cuta
• Yaushe Zuma Za Ta Yi Mutu?
• Zai Iya Gurbata
• Zai Iya tainauke da Toayoyi Masu Guba
• Ana Iya Zinarsa
• Yana Iya Ajiye Ba Daidai Ba
• Zai Iya Daidaitawa da Rage Lokaci
• Yadda ake adanawa da kuma sarrafa zuma daidai
• Layin .asa

Ruwan zuma yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kayan zaki da ɗan adam ke cinyewa, tare da rikodin amfani har zuwa shekaru 5,500 kafin haihuwar Yesu. Hakanan ana jita-jita don samun abubuwa na musamman, masu dindindin.

Mutane da yawa sun ji labarin tulun zuma da aka tono a cikin kabarin Masar na dā, har yanzu suna da kyau su ci kamar ranar da aka hatimce su.

Waɗannan labaran sun sa mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa zuma kawai ba ta yin lahani, har abada.

Amma hakan gaskiya ne?

Wannan labarin yana bincika dalilin da yasa zuma zata iya tsawan tsawan lokaci, kuma menene zai iya haifar da mummunan aiki.

Menene Zuma?

Ruwan zuma abu ne mai ɗanɗano, na halitta wanda ƙudan zuma ke samarwa daga ƙoshin ruwa ko ɓoye na shuke-shuke (1,).

Beudan zuma na tsotse ruwan kwalliyar fure, suna gauraya shi da miyau da enzymes kuma suna adana shi a cikin buhun zuma. Daga nan sai su barshi a cikin hive domin ya dahu kuma ana amfani dashi azaman abinci ().

Saboda yawan zuma ya danganta ne da nau'in kudan zuma da kuma shuke-shuke da furannin da suke amfani da su, yana iya banbanta sosai a dandano da launi, daga fili da maras launi zuwa duhun ambar mai duhu (1).

Zuma tana da kusan kashi 80% na sukari kuma bai wuce 18% na ruwa ba. Adadin adadin yana ƙayyade ta nau'in kudan zuma, shuke-shuke, yanayi da laima da sarrafawa (1).

Hakanan yana dauke da sinadarai masu guba kamar su gluconic acid, wanda ke da alhakin yanayin dandano mai dandano. Bugu da ƙari, furen furen da aka samo a cikin zumar da ba a tace shi ya ƙunshi ƙananan furotin, enzymes, amino acid da bitamin (1).

A cikin abinci mai gina jiki, babban abincin da ke cikin zuma shine sukari, tare da gram 17.2 da adadin kuzari 65 a kowane cokali (gram 21) (3).

Hakanan akwai alamun ma'adanai, kamar su potassium, musamman a cikin nau'ikan duhu, kodayake yawansu ya yi kaɗan da za su dace da abinci mai gina jiki (1).

Honey shine abincin da ƙudan zuma ke samarwa daga tsirrai na tsirrai. Tana da yawan sukari kuma tana dauke da wasu abubuwa kamar kwayoyin acid, potassium, sunadarai, enzymes da bitamin.

Me yasa zuma zata iya dadewa sosai

Honey yana da propertiesan kaddarorin musamman da ke taimaka masa tsawon lokaci, gami da babban sukari da ƙarancin ƙanshi, yanayi mai guba da enzymes na antimicrobial wanda ƙudan zuma ke samarwa.

Yana da Highari sosai a cikin Sugar kuma inasa cikin Danshi

Ruwan zuma ya kunshi kusan kashi 80% na sukari, wanda zai iya hana ci gaban da yawa daga ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi ().

Babban abun cikin sukari yana nufin matsin osmotic a cikin zuma yana da girma sosai. Wannan yana sa ruwa ya gudana daga cikin ƙwayoyin microbes, yana dakatar da haɓakar su da haifuwarsu (, 5).

Bugu da kari, duk da daukewar ruwa kusan 17-18%, aikin ruwa a cikin zuma yayi kadan ().

Wannan yana nufin cewa sugars suna hulɗa tare da ƙwayoyin ruwa don haka ba za a iya amfani dasu ta hanyar orananan ƙwayoyin cuta ba kuma babu ƙwazo ko fashewar zuma da zai iya faruwa (, 5).

Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda zuma yake da yawa, oxygen ba zai iya narkewa a ciki cikin sauƙi ba. Wannan, kuma, yana hana nau'ikan microbes da yawa girma ko haifuwa ().

Yana Acidic

PH na zuma ya kasance daga 3.4 zuwa 6.1, tare da matsakaicin pH na 3.9, wanda yake yana da tsada sosai. Babban dalilin wannan shine kasancewar gluconic acid, wanda ake samar dashi a yayin da yake tsirowa (, 5).

Asali, ana tunanin cewa yanayin yanayi mai guba na zuma shine ke da alhakin hana haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta. Koyaya, karatun da ke kwatanta nau'ikan tare da ƙananan ƙimar pH ba su sami mahimman bambanci a cikin aikin maganin ƙwayoyin cuta ba (5).

Duk da haka, ga wasu ƙwayoyin cuta kamar C. diphtheriae, E.coli, Streptococcus kuma Salmonella, yanayi mai guba tabbas yana da adawa kuma yana hana ci gaban su (5).

A zahiri, zuma na da tasiri sosai wajen kashe wasu nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta har ma ana amfani da shi a kan ƙonawar rauni da marurai don hanawa da magance cututtuka (,).

Kudan zuma na da enzymes na musamman wadanda ke danne ci gaban kwayoyin cuta

Yayin samar da zuma, kudan zuma suna fitar da wani enzyme wanda ake kira glucose oxidase a cikin nectar don taimakawa kiyaye zumar (1, 5).

Yayinda zumar ta girma, glucose oxidase yana canza sukari zuwa acid na gluconic sannan kuma yana samar da wani fili wanda ake kira hydrogen peroxide (5).

Wannan hydrogen peroxide ana tsammanin zai taimaka ga abubuwan antibacterial na zuma kuma yana taimakawa hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta (1,, 5).

Bugu da kari, an gano zuma dauke da wasu nau'ikan mahadi kamar polyphenols, flavonoids, methylglyoxal, peptides na kudan zuma da sauran kayan aikin antibacterial, wanda kuma zai iya karawa zuwa halayen ta na kwayar cutar ().

Zuma tana da babban sukari da ƙarancin abun ciki. Yana da acidic kuma yana dauke da sinadarin antibacterial hydrogen peroxide. Waɗannan fasalulluka guda uku sune suke bawa zuma mai kyau damar adana ta na tsawon lokaci.

Yaushe Zuma Za Ta Yi Mutu?

Duk da zumar da ke da ƙwayoyin cuta, yana iya fita ko haifar da cuta a ƙarƙashin wasu halaye. Wadannan sun hada da gurbatawa, zina, ba daidai ba ajiya da kuma lalacewa akan lokaci.

Zai Iya Gurbata

Theananan ƙwayoyin halittar da ke cikin zuma sun haɗa da ƙwayoyin cuta, da yisti da kuma kyawon tsayuwa. Waɗannan na iya zuwa daga ƙurar fulawa, ƙwayar narkewar ƙudan zuma, ƙura, iska, datti da furanni ().

Saboda abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin cuta na zuma, wadannan kwayoyin yawanci ana samunsu ne a kananan lambobi kuma ba sa iya ninkawa, wanda ke nufin bai kamata su zama masu kula da lafiya ba ().

Koyaya, ƙwayoyin neurotoxin C. botulinum ana samun su a cikin 5-15% na samfurin zuma a cikin ƙananan kaɗan ().

Wannan gabaɗaya ba shi da illa ga manya, amma jariran da shekarunsu ba su kai ɗaya ba na iya, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, haɓaka botulism na jarirai wanda zai iya haifar da lalacewar tsarin juyayi, shanyewar jiki da gazawar numfashi. Saboda haka, zuma ba ta dace da wannan rukunin matasa (,, 9) ba.

Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin zuma na iya nuna gurɓataccen abu yayin aiki daga mutane, kayan aiki, kwantena, iska, ƙura, kwari, dabbobi da ruwa ().

Zai Iya tainauke da Toayoyi Masu Guba

Lokacin da ƙudan zuma ke tattara ctan itace daga wasu nau'ikan furanni, ana iya jujjuya gubobi a cikin zuma ().

Sanannen misali na wannan shine "zuma mahaukaci," wanda ya haifar da grayanotoxins a cikin nectar daga Rhododendron ponticum kuma Azalea pontica. Zuma da ake samarwa daga waɗannan tsirrai na iya haifar da jiri, jiri da matsaloli tare da bugun zuciya ko hawan jini (,,).

Bugu da ƙari, ana samar da wani abu da aka sani da suna hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) yayin aiki da tsufar zuma ().

Duk da yake wasu bincike sun gano mummunan tasirin HMF akan lafiya kamar lalata ƙwayoyin halitta da DNA, sauran nazarin kuma suna ba da rahoton wasu sifofi masu kyau kamar antioxidative, anti-allergy da anti-inflammatory properties ().

Duk da haka, ana ba da shawarar cewa kayayyakin da aka gama ba su ƙunshi fiye da MG 40 na HMF a kowace kilogram na zuma (,).

Ana Iya Zinarsa

Honey abinci ne mai tsada, mai cin lokaci don samarwa.

Kamar wannan, ya zama abin zina na shekaru da yawa. Zina tana nufin ƙara kayan zaki mai raɗa don ƙara ƙarfi da rage tsada.

Don rage araha, ana iya ciyar da ƙudan zuma da syrups na sukari daga masara, kara da sukari na gwoza ko syrups na sukari kai tsaye za'a iya sakawa cikin abin da aka gama (14, 15).

Bugu da ƙari, don hanzarta sarrafawa, ana iya girbe zuma kafin ta isa, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙimar ruwa mafi girma da kuma tsafta (15).

A yadda aka saba, kudan zuma suna adana zuma a amya kuma suna shayar da shi ta yadda yana dauke da kasa da kashi 18% na ruwa. Idan an girbe zuma da wuri ruwan abun zai iya wuce kashi 25%. Wannan yana haifar da haɗarin haɗari da ƙarancin dandano (15).

Yana Iya Ajiye Ba Daidai Ba

Idan aka adana zuma ba daidai ba to tana iya rasa wasu sinadarai masu kashe ƙwayoyin cuta, ta zama gurɓace ko fara kaskantar da ita.

Lokacin da aka buɗe shi ko aka rufe shi da kyau, abun cikin ruwa na iya fara tashi sama da matakin aminci na 18%, yana ƙara haɗarin kumburi.

Bugu da kari, bude kwalba ko kwantena na iya ba da damar zuma ta gurɓata da ƙwayoyin cuta daga mahalli kewaye. Waɗannan na iya girma idan ruwan cikin ruwa ya yi yawa.

Hakanan zuma mai zafin jiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako ta hanzarta lalacewar launi da dandano gami da haɓaka abubuwan HMF (16).

Zai Iya Daidaitawa da Rage Lokaci

Ko da lokacin adana su daidai, daidai yake da kyau zuma ta kirkita.

Wancan saboda ya ƙunshi sugars fiye da yadda za'a iya narkar da su. Hakan ba yana nufin ya tafi da kyau ba amma tsarin yana haifar da wasu canje-canje (1).

Honeyanƙara da zafin zuma ya zama fari da haske a launi. Hakanan ya zama mafi rikitarwa maimakon bayyana, kuma yana iya bayyana hatsi (1).

Yana da lafiya a ci. Koyaya, ana sakin ruwa yayin aikin ƙira, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin kumburi (1, 17).

Ari ga haka, zuma da aka adana na dogon lokaci na iya yin duhu kuma ta fara rashin ƙamshinta da ƙamshinta. Duk da cewa wannan ba haɗarin lafiya bane, bazai zama mai daɗi ko kyau ba.

Ruwan zuma na iya lalacewa idan ya gurɓata, idan ƙudan zuma suna tattara ctan itace daga wasu tsire-tsire masu guba kuma idan aka yi lalata da su ko aka ajiye su ba daidai ba. Crystallization abu ne da yake faruwa a dabi'ance kuma gabaɗaya baya nufin cewa zumar ku ta tafi daɗi.

Yadda ake adanawa da kuma sarrafa zuma daidai

Don cin riba daga dukiyarka mai dorewa, yana da mahimmanci ka adana shi daidai.

Babban mahimmin abu don adanawa shine sarrafa danshi. Idan ruwa mai yawa ya shiga cikin zumar ku, haɗarin kumburi yana ƙaruwa kuma zai iya zama mara kyau.

Anan akwai wasu nasihu akan mafi kyawun ayyukan adanawa (18):

• Ajiye a cikin akwati mai iska: Kwandunan da aka sayi ɗakuna ko kwalabe, gilashin gilashi da kwantena da baƙin ƙarfe waɗanda suke da murfin iska.
• Kiyaye a wuri mai sanyi, bushe: Ya kamata a adana zuma da kyau ƙasa da 50 ° F (10 ° C). Koyaya, adana shi a yanayin ɗumi mai sanyi tsakanin 50-70 ° F (10-20 ° C) yana da kyau.
• Firiji: Za a iya ajiye zuma a cikin firiji idan an fi so amma tana iya saurin murza dutse ta zama mai yawa.
• Dumi idan an rufe shi: Idan zuma tayi kara, zaka iya mayar da ita ta ruwa ta hanyar dumama a hankali da kuma juyawa. Koyaya, kar a daɗa zafi ko dafa shi domin hakan zai ƙasƙantar da launinsa da ɗanɗano.
• Guji gurbatawa: Guji gurɓatar zuma da kayan ƙazanta kamar su wukake ko cokula, waɗanda za su iya ba da dama ga ƙwayoyin cuta, yisti da kuma kyawon tsayi su yi girma.
• Idan kuna cikin shakka, jefa shi: Idan zumar ku ta ɗanɗana, tana kumfa ko kuma kun lura da ruwa mai yawa kyauta, zai iya zama mafi kyau a jefa shi.

Ka tuna cewa nau'ikan zuma na iya zama da dandano daban-daban. Don takamaiman umarnin adanawa, koma ga waɗanda aka buga akan tambarin samfurin ka.

Ya kamata a ajiye zuma a cikin kwandon iska a cikin sanyi, wuri mai bushe. Yana da mahimmanci a iyakance adadin danshi wanda zai iya shiga cikin akwati yayin da abun cikin ruwa mafi girma yana ƙaruwa da barazanar ferment.

Layin .asa

Ruwan zuma abinci ne mai ɗanɗano, mai daɗi wanda ya zo da dandano da launuka daban-daban dangane da inda aka samar da shi.

Saboda yawan sukari da karancin ruwa, da kuma karancin kimar pH da kuma abubuwan da ke kashe kwayoyin cuta, zuma na iya zama sabo ne tsawon shekaru, shekaru goma ko ma sun fi haka.

Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, yana iya zama mara kyau ko rasa roƙonsa.

Za'a iya gurɓata zuma ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, yisti, fungi ko ƙira, kodayake galibi ba za su hayayyafa da lambobi masu mahimmanci ba. Hakanan yana iya ƙunsar mahaɗan mai guba daga wasu tsire-tsire ko ana iya yin lalata da masu zaƙi mai ƙarancin inganci ko sarrafawa.

Allyari, zuma da aka adana ba daidai ba ba za ta daɗe ba. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a sanya shi hatimi a cikin kwandon iska a cikin sanyi, wuri mai bushe.

Ta hanyar siyan zuma daga manyan dillalai da adana ta daidai, ana iya jin daɗin lafiya tsawon shekaru a ƙarshe.