Protein Electrophoresis: menene don kuma yadda za'a fahimci sakamakon

Wadatacce

• Menene don
• Yaya ake yi
• Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon
• Albumin
• Alpha-1-globulin
• Alpha-2-globulin
• Beta-1-globulin
• Beta-2-globulin
• Gamma-globulin

Protein electrophoresis jarrabawa ce da likita ya nema tare da manufar binciken cututtukan da ka iya haifar da canje-canje a yawan sunadaran da ke yawo a cikin jini, ana daukar su daya daga cikin manyan gwaje-gwajen da aka nema don bincike da kuma gano myeloma mai yawa.

Ana yin wannan gwajin ne daga samfurin jini, wanda ke yin aiki don inganta jini don samun jini, wanda a ciki ake samun sunadarai. Waɗannan sunadarai suna yin aikin rabuwa gwargwadon cajin lantarki da nauyin kwayar halitta, wanda ke haifar da samuwar ƙirar band kuma, daga baya, jadawalin da ke da mahimmanci ga fassarar binciken da likita.

Sunadaran da aka kimanta a cikin wannan jarabawar suna da mahimmanci don gudanar da kwayar halitta yadda ya kamata, tun da suna aiki ne a kan tsarin garkuwar jiki, a cikin aikin magaguwa da motsa jiki, baya ga iya ɗaukar wasu kwayoyin zuwa shafin aikinsu. Don haka, canje-canje a cikin natsuwarsu na iya zama alamar cututtuka. Daga cikin furotin da aka tantance akwai albumin, alpha-glycoproteins, beta-glycoproteins da gamma-glycoproteins.

Menene don

Furotin electrophoresis likita ya nema don duba adadin furotin a jiki kuma, don haka, bincika yiwuwar canje-canje da cututtuka, kasancewa iya fara magani da wuri, idan haka ne. Wasu daga cikin yanayin da likita zai iya yin oda da haɓakar electrophoresis shine lokacin da alamu da alamomi ke nuni da:

• Rashin ruwa;
• Myeloma da yawa;
• Kumburi;
• Cirrhosis;
• Tsarin lupus erythematosus;
• Hawan jini;
• Ascites;
• Glomerulonephritis;
• Ciwon Cushing;
• Emphysema;
• Cututtukan Hanta;
• Anemia;
• Pancreatitis.

Baya ga waɗannan yanayi, ana iya neman wannan gwajin lokacin da mutumin ke shan maganin estrogen ko kuma lokacin da take da juna biyu, kamar yadda a waɗannan yanayin akwai canje-canje a matakan furotin, yana da mahimmanci a bincika sunadaran da aka canza kuma a ɗauki matakan kuma a juya baya halin da ake ciki.

Yaya ake yi

Ana yin protein electrophoresis ta hanyar tattara samfurin jini daga mutum ta kwararren kwararre kuma babu wani shiri da ya zama dole. Ana aika samfurin da aka samo zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje don a sami rabuwa tsakanin jajayen ƙwayoyin jini da jini. A wasu yanayi, ana iya yin fitsarin awa 24 don a duba yawan furotin da ake fitarwa cikin fitsarin a rana, wanda likita ya fi buƙata yayin da ake zargin matsalolin koda.

Bayan haka sai a sanya plasma a cikin gel din agarose ko cellulose acetate tare da rini da alama ga kowane sunadaran sannan a yi amfani da wutan lantarki domin zuga rabuwa da sunadaran gwargwadon karfin wutan su., Girma da kwayoyin nauyi. Bayan rabuwa, ana iya ganin sunadaran ta hanyar tsari irin na band, wanda yake nuna samuwar ko babu.

Bayan haka, ana kirga wadannan sunadarai a cikin wata takamaiman na'uran, da ake kira da densitometer, wanda a ciki ne ake duba yawan sunadaran a cikin jini, tare da kimar kashi daya da cikakkar darajar kowane bangare na sunadarin da aka nuna a cikin rahoton, ban da wani hoto, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kyakkyawar fahimta ta likita da haƙuri game da sakamakon gwajin.

Yadda za a fahimci sakamakon

Sakamakon gwajin electrophoresis na furotin dole ne likita ya fassara shi, wanda ke tantance cikakken kimar sunadarai, baya ga jadawalin da aka fitar a cikin rahoton.

A sakamakon haka, an nuna bangarorin sunadaran, wato, kimar da aka samo don albumin, alpha-1-globulin, alpha-2-globulin, beta-1-globulin, beta-2-globulin da gamma-globulin. Game da tsarin band, yawanci ba a sake shi a cikin rahoton ba, saura kawai a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje kuma akwai ga likita.

Albumin

Albumin shine furotin na plasma wanda yake cikin adadi mai yawa kuma ana samar dashi a cikin hanta, yana aiwatar da ayyuka daban-daban, kamar safarar hormones, bitamin da abinci mai gina jiki, tsara pH da kulawar osmotic na jiki. Hadin albumin a cikin hanta ya dogara da yanayin abincin mutum, yawan adadin kwayoyin da ke zagayawa da kuma pH na jini. Don haka, yawan albumin da ke cikin electrophoresis mai gina jiki yana nuna cikakken yanayin abincin mutum kuma yana ba da damar gano yiwuwar canje-canje a cikin hanta ko koda.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 4.01 zuwa 4.78 g / dL; 55.8 zuwa 66.1%

Albara albumin: Inara yawan matakan albumin yana faruwa galibi sakamakon rashin ruwa, amma ba saboda an sami ƙaruwar samar da wannan furotin ba, amma saboda yawan ruwa yayi ƙanƙani kuma, saboda haka, ƙimar jini, sabili da haka, mafi girman matakan albumin sune tabbatar

Rage albumin: Ana daukar Albumin a matsayin mai saurin mummunan furotin, wato, a yanayin kumburi, akwai raguwar matakan albumin. Don haka, raguwar albumin na iya faruwa a lokuta na ciwon sikari, hauhawar jini, edema, ascites, ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki da cututtukan cirrhosis, wanda hanta ke cikin damuwa kuma haɓakar albumin ta lalace.

Ara koyo game da albumin.

Alpha-1-globulin

Yankin alpha-1-globulin ya kunshi sunadarai da yawa, manyansu kuwa sune alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGA) da kuma alpha-1-maganin antitrypsin (AAT). AGA ya shiga cikin ƙirƙirar ƙwayoyin collagen kuma yana da alhakin hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta, sabili da haka suna da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingantaccen tsarin tsarin garkuwar jiki. Kamar AGA, AAT shima yana da mahimmancin gaske a tsarin garkuwar jiki.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 0.22 zuwa 0.41 g / dL; 2.9 zuwa 4.9%

Alara alpha-1-globulin: Inara sunadarai a cikin wannan ɓangaren yana faruwa musamman saboda kumburi da cututtuka. Don haka, babban matakin alpha-1-globulin na iya nuna alamun neoplasms, Ciwan Cushing, amosanin gabbai, ciki da kuma vasculitis, ban da samun damar ƙaruwa sakamakon aikin jinƙai tare da estrogens ko corticosteroids.

Rage cikin alpha-1-globulin: Ragewar na iya faruwa sakamakon cututtukan nephrotic, cututtukan hanta mai tsanani, emphysema, cirrhosis da hepatocellular carcinoma.

Alpha-2-globulin

Fraungiyar alpha-2-globulin ta ƙunshi manyan sunadarai uku: sankula (CER), a haptoglobin (hpt) da kuma macroglobulin (AMG), wanda ƙwarewar sa na iya ƙaruwa sakamakon lamuran kumburi da cututtuka.

Ceruloplasmin wani furotin ne wanda hanta ke hada shi kuma yana da adadi mai yawa na tagulla a cikin abinda yake dashi, wanda yake bashi damar yin wasu halayen a jiki. Bugu da ƙari, CER yana da mahimmanci a cikin aikin haɗa ƙarfe a cikin transferrin, wanda shine furotin da ke da alhakin jigilar ƙarfe a cikin jiki. Kodayake ana ɗaukar shi mai saurin furotin, matakan CER suna jinkirin tashi.

Haptoglobin yana da alhakin ɗaure shi don yaɗa haemoglobin kuma, don haka, haɓaka lalata da kawar da shi daga zagayawa. Macroglobulin, a daya bangaren, yana daya daga cikin manya-manyan sunadaran plasma kuma yana da alhakin daidaita halayen kumburi da na rigakafi, baya ga safarar sunadaran da suka fi sauki, peptides, da kuma daidaita hada sunadaran plasma ta hanta.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 0.58 zuwa 0.92 g / dL; 7.1 zuwa 11.8%

Alara alpha-2-globulin: Inara yawan sunadarai a cikin wannan juzu'in na iya zama alama ta rashin lafiyar nephrotic, cutar Wilson, cutar hanta, yaduwar maganin intravascular coagulation da cututtukan kwakwalwa, ban da samun damar ƙaruwa saboda maganin estrogen.

Rage cikin alpha-2-globulin: Ragewar matakan wannan furotin na iya faruwa saboda cututtukan jini, cututtukan pancreatitis da cututtukan huhu.

Beta-1-globulin

NA transferrin shine babban furotin na ɓangaren beta-1-globulin kuma shine ke da alhakin jigilar ƙarfe zuwa wurare daban-daban a cikin jiki. Baya ga adadin da za'a iya dubawa a cikin electrophoresis na furotin, za a iya duba yawan zafin canja wurin cikin jini a cikin gwajin jini na yau da kullun. Sami jarrabawar canja wurin.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 0.36 zuwa 0.52 g / dL; 4.9 zuwa 7.2%

Ofara yawan beta-1-globulin: Aruwa yana faruwa ne a cikin yanayin ƙarancin karancin baƙin ƙarfe, rashin ciki, jaundice, hypothyroidism da ciwon sukari.

Rage cikin beta-1-globulin: Raguwa a cikin wannan ɓangaren sunadarai ba mai yawa bane, duk da haka ana iya kiyaye shi cikin ayyukan yau da kullun.

Beta-2-globulin

A cikin wannan kason akwai manyan sunadarai guda biyu, da beta-2-microglobulin (BMG) da kuma C-mai amsa furotin (CRP). BMG alama ce ta aikin salula, yana da mahimmanci don gano ƙwayoyin lymphocytic, alal misali, ban da kasancewa ana iya amfani da su a aikin likita tare da manufar rakiyar mai cutar kansa, don tabbatar da cewa maganin yana da tasiri. CRP muhimmiyar furotin ce a cikin gano cututtuka da kumburi, tunda ita ce mafi yawan canje-canje a matakan ta.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 0.22 zuwa 0.45 g / dL; 3.1 zuwa 6.1%

Ofara yawan beta-2-globulin: Increasearawar na iya faruwa a cikin yanayin cututtukan da suka shafi lymphocytes, kumburi da cututtuka.

Rage cikin beta-2-globulin: Ragewar na iya zama saboda matsalolin hanta, wanda ke hana kira na waɗannan sunadarai.

Gamma-globulin

A cikin wannan bangare na furotin electrophoresis ana samun immunoglobulins, wadanda sune sunadaran da ke da alhakin kare kwayar halitta. Fahimci yadda tsarin garkuwar jiki yake.

Imar magana a cikin electrophoresis (na iya bambanta gwargwadon dakin binciken): 0.72 zuwa 1.27 g / dL; 11.1 zuwa 18.8%

Gamma-globulin ya karu: Inara yawan sunadaran gamma-globulin na faruwa a gaban cututtuka, kumburi da cututtukan autoimmune, kamar su rheumatoid arthritis. Bugu da kari, ana iya samun karuwar lamarin lymphoma, cirrhosis da myeloma da yawa.

Gamma-globulin ya ragu: A yadda aka saba, ana saukar da matakan immunoglobulin lokacin da akwai rashi a tsarin garkuwar jiki saboda cututtukan da ke ci gaba, misali.