Enterovirus: cututtuka, magani da kuma yadda ake ganewar asali

Wadatacce

• Babban alamun cututtuka da cututtukan da kwayar cuta ke haifarwa
• Hadarin kamuwa da cutar enterovirus a ciki
• Yadda za a bi da
• Yadda ake ganewar asali

Enteroviruses sun dace da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda babbar hanyar hayayyafa ita ce sashin ciki, yana haifar da alamomi kamar zazzabi, amai da ciwon wuya. Cututtukan da ke haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da saurin yaduwa kuma sun fi zama gama gari ga yara, yayin da manya ke da haɓakar garkuwar jiki, suna mai da martani mafi dacewa ga cututtuka.

Babban enterovirus shine cutar shan inna, wanda shine kwayar dake haifar da cutar shan inna, wanda kuma idan ya isa ga tsarin jijiya, zai iya haifar da gurguntar da gaɓoɓi da kuma rashin daidaiton motsi. Yaduwar kwayar cutar na faruwa musamman ta hanyar shigar da abinci da / ko ruwan da kwayar ta gurbata ko kuma mu'amala da mutane ko abubuwa wadanda suma sun gurbace. Don haka, hanya mafi kyau ta rigakafin kamuwa da cututtuka ita ce ta inganta halaye na tsafta, ban da allurar rigakafi, a game da cutar shan inna.

Babban alamun cututtuka da cututtukan da kwayar cuta ke haifarwa

Kasancewa da / ko rashi bayyanar cututtukan da suka danganci kamuwa da kwayar cuta ta enterovirus ya dogara da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙarancinta da kuma tsarin garkuwar mutum. A mafi yawan lokuta kamuwa da cuta, ba a ganin alamomi kuma cutar na magance ta dabi'a. Koyaya, dangane da yara, akasari, kamar yadda tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi rauni sosai, yana yiwuwa alamun alamomin kamar ciwon kai, zazzaɓi, amai, ciwon wuya, ciwon fata da gyambon ciki a cikin bakin, dangane da nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta, a cikin ƙari ga haɗarin rikitarwa mafi girma.

Enteroviruses na iya kaiwa ga gabobi da yawa, alamomin da kuma tsananin cutar dangane da gabobin da abin ya shafa. Don haka, manyan cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta sune:

1. Polio: Cutar shan inna, ana kuma kiranta cutar shan inna, sanadiyyar cutar shan inna, wani nau'in kwayar cuta da ke iya kaiwa ga tsarin jijiyoyi da haifar da nakasar gaɓoɓin jiki, rashin daidaituwar motsa jiki, ciwon haɗin gwiwa da rashin lafiyar tsoka;
2. Cutar-ƙafa-bakin cuta: Wannan cuta tana yaduwa sosai kuma nau'in kwayar cuta ce ke kawo ta Coxsackiewanda ke haifar da, ban da zazzabi, gudawa da amai, bayyanar kumburin hannu da kafa da ciwan baki;
3. Herpangina: Herpangina na iya kamuwa da cutar ta nau'in kwayar cuta Coxsackie kuma ta kwayar cuta Herpes simplex kuma yana kasancewa da kasancewar ciwon ciki a ciki da wajen bakin, ban da jan wuya da ƙaiƙayi;
4. Kwayar cutar sankarau: Irin wannan cutar sankarau tana faruwa ne lokacin da kwayar cutar ta shiga cikin tsarin jijiyoyin jiki ta haifar da kumburin meninges, wadanda sune membranes din da ke layin kwakwalwa da laka, wanda ke haifar da alamomi kamar zazzabi, ciwon kai, wuya mai kauri da kuma karin haske zuwa haske;
5. Encephalitis: A cikin kwayar cutar encephalitis, enterovirus yana haifar da kumburi a cikin kwakwalwa, kuma dole ne a bi da shi da sauri don kauce wa rikice-rikicen da za su iya faruwa, kamar gurgunta jijiyoyin jiki, sauyin gani da wahalar magana ko ji;
6. Ciwon cututtukan jini: Game da kwayar cutar conjunctivitis, kwayar cutar tana haduwa kai tsaye tare da rufin ido, yana haifar da kumburin idanu da kananan jini, wanda ke sanya ido yayi ja.

Rigar kwayar kwayar cutar na faruwa ne ta hanyar amfani da ita ko kuma saduwa da gurbatattun kayan, tare da hanyar da take amfani da ita ta hanyar baka ta zama babbar hanyar kamuwa da cutar. Gurbatawa na faruwa ne yayin da kwayar cutar ta haɗiye, ɓangaren narkewa shine babban shafin yaduwar wannan ƙwayoyin cuta, saboda haka sunan enterovirus.

Bayan yaduwar cutar ta hanjin baka, ana kuma iya yada kwayar cutar ta hanyar digon da aka watsa a cikin iska, saboda kwayar cutar tana iya haifar da rauni a cikin makogwaro, duk da haka wannan hanyar yaduwar ba ta da yawa.

Hadarin kamuwa da cutar enterovirus a ciki

Kamuwa da cuta tare da enterovirus a lokacin lokacin haihuwa yana wakiltar haɗari ga jariri lokacin da ba a gano cutar ba kuma ana farawa magani kan jaririn jim kaɗan bayan haihuwa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda jaririn na iya mu'amala da kwayar cutar koda a lokacin daukar ciki kuma, bayan haihuwa, saboda karamin ci gaban garkuwar jikinsa, bayyanar alamomi da alamomin halayyar sepsis, wacce kwayar cutar ke kaiwa ga jini kuma ta yadu cikin sauki. jikin.

Don haka, kwayar cutar tana iya kaiwa ga tsarin juyayi na hanta, hanta, pancreas da zuciya kuma a cikin 'yan kwanaki yana haifar da gazawar abubuwa da yawa na gabobin jarirai, wanda ke haifar da mutuwa. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a gano kamuwa da cutar ta enterovirus a cikin ciki da nufin fara magani a cikin jariri da kuma hana rikice-rikice ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa.

Yadda za a bi da

Maganin cututtukan enterovirus da nufin, a mafi yawan lokuta, don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka, tunda babu takamaiman magani don yawancin cututtukan da wannan nau'in kwayar ta haifar. Yawancin lokaci alamun kamuwa da cutar sun ɓace da kansu bayan ɗan lokaci, amma lokacin da kwayar cutar ta kai ga jini ko tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, zai iya zama na mutuwa, yana buƙatar magani bisa ga jagorancin likita.

Game da shigar tsarin jijiyoyi na tsakiya, likita na iya ba da shawarar gudanar da rigakafin rigakafi a cikin jijiya, don kwayoyin su sami damar yaki da kamuwa da cutar cikin sauki. Wasu kwayoyi don rigakafin kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar enterovirus suna cikin lokacin gwajin, ba'a riga an kayyade su ba kuma an sake su don amfani.

A halin yanzu, akwai allurar rigakafi kawai akan kwayar cutar da ke da alhakin shan inna, da kwayar cutar shan inna, da allurar rigakafin ya kamata a yi ta a allurai 5, na farko shi ne wata 2 da haihuwa. Dangane da wasu nau'ikan enteroviruses, yana da mahimmanci ayi amfani da matakan tsafta da samun damar zuwa mafi kyawun tsabtar yanayi don hana gurɓatar ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi don amfani ko wasu dalilai, tunda babban hanyar watsa waɗannan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta yana da kyau- na baka. Duba lokacin da za a sami rigakafin cutar shan inna.

Yadda ake ganewar asali

Binciken farko na kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar enterovirus an yi shi ne daga bayyanuwar asibiti da mai haƙuri ya bayyana, yana buƙatar gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da kamuwa da cutar. Gwajin dakin gwaje-gwaje na kamuwa da cutar ta hanyar enterovirus ana yin sa ne ta hanyar binciken kwayoyin, galibi Polymerase Chain Reaction, wanda kuma ake kira PCR, wanda a cikinsa ne ake gano nau'in kwayar cutar da yadda take a cikin kwayar halitta.

Hakanan za'a iya gano kwayar cutar ta hanyar keɓe wannan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin takamaiman kafofin watsa labaru na al'ada don a iya tabbatar da halaye kwafin. Wannan kwayar cutar za a iya keɓance ta daga wasu abubuwa masu rai, kamar su najasa, ruwan ciki (CSF), ɓoyewar maƙogwaro da jini dangane da alamun da mutumin ya bayyana. A cikin feces, ana iya gano enterovirus har zuwa makonni 6 bayan kamuwa da cuta kuma ana iya gano shi a cikin maƙogwaro tsakanin kwanaki 3 zuwa 7 daga farkon kamuwa da cutar.

Hakanan ana iya buƙatar gwaje-gwajen yanayin don bincika martanin tsarin garkuwar jiki game da kamuwa da cuta, duk da haka ba a amfani da irin wannan gwajin don bincika cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta.