Neurowararrun Neurotransmitters

Wadatacce

• Neurotransmitters masu fassara
• Ta yaya neurotransmitters suke aiki?
• Abin da neurotransmitters ke yi
• Neurowararrun ƙwayoyin cuta
• Acetylcholine
• Epinephrine
• Glutamate
• Tarihin
• Dopamine
• Sauran neurotransmitters
• Norepinephrine
• Gamma-aminobutyric acid
• Serotonin
• Rikicin da ke da nasaba da neurotransmitters
• Awauki

Neurotransmitters masu fassara

Neurotransmitters suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sadarwa na jijiyoyi. Su manzannin sunadarai ne wadanda ke daukar sakonni tsakanin kwayoyin jijiyoyi (jijiyoyi) da sauran kwayoyin halitta a jikinku, suna tasiri komai daga yanayi zuwa motsin rai ba tare da son rai ba. Ana kiran wannan aikin gabaɗaya azaman neurotransmission ko watsa synaptic.

Musamman, masu ba da izinin motsa jiki suna da tasirin motsa jiki akan neuron. Wannan yana nufin sun kara yiwuwar cewa neuron din zai kunna wata sigina da ake kira karfin aiki a cikin neuron mai karba.

Neurotransmitters na iya aiki ta hanyoyin da za'a iya faɗi, amma kwayoyi, cuta, da hulɗa tare da sauran manzannin sunadarai zasu iya shafar su.

Ta yaya neurotransmitters suke aiki?

Don aika saƙonni a cikin jiki, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna buƙatar watsa sigina don sadarwa da juna. Amma babu alaƙa ta jiki da juna, tazara ce kawai. Wannan mahaɗar tsakanin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi biyu ana kiranta synapse.

Don sadarwa tare da sel na gaba, wani neuron yana aika sigina a cikin ɓoye ta hanyar yaduwar kwayar halitta.

Abin da neurotransmitters ke yi

Neurotransmitters suna shafar jijiyoyi a ɗayan hanyoyi guda uku: zasu iya zama masu motsa jiki, masu hanawa, ko kuma masu canzawa. Mai watsa shirye-shiryen motsa jiki yana haifar da siginar da ake kira ƙarfin aiki a cikin karɓar neuron. Mai watsawa mai hanawa ya hana shi. Neuromodulators yana tsara ƙungiyoyin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

1. Neurowararrun ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tasirin motsawa akan jijiyar. Wannan yana nufin suna ƙara yiwuwar cewa neuron ɗin zai iya kunna aikin aiki.
2. Neuroananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da tasirin hanawa akan jijiyar. Wannan yana nufin sun rage yiwuwar cewa neuron din zaiyi wani aiki.
3. Neurowayoyin neurotransmitters na zamani na iya shafar wasu jijiyoyi a lokaci guda kuma su rinjayi tasirin wasu manzannin.

Wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin su dopamine, dangane da masu karɓar baƙi, suna ƙirƙirar tasirin motsa jiki da hanawa.

Neurowararrun ƙwayoyin cuta

Nau'ukan da suka fi kowa fahimta da kuma fahimta a fili sun hada da:

Acetylcholine

Wannan sigar motsa jiki ne mai motsa jiki wanda ke samuwa a cikin tsarin juyayi. Ofayan ayyukanta da yawa shine motsa tsoka, gami da na tsarin ciki da tsarin juyayi mai zaman kansa.

Shin kun saba da allurar Botox na kwaskwarima? Ana amfani dasu don kawar da wrinkles ta hanyar shanye wasu tsokoki na ɗan lokaci. Wannan aikin yana amfani da toxin botulinum don daskare tsokoki a wurin ta hana ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yankin daga sakin acetylcholine.

Epinephrine

Hakanan ana kiransa adrenaline, epinephrine sigar motsa jiki ne wanda ke haifar da gland adrenal. Ana sake shi a cikin jini don shirya jikinku don yanayi mai haɗari ta hanyar haɓaka bugun zuciyar ku, bugun jini, da samar da glucose.

Shin kun saba da amsar fadan? Adrenaline yana taimaka maka tsarin firgita da tsarin endocrine domin shirya mawuyacin yanayi wanda zaka iya yanke shawara game da gwagwarmaya.

Glutamate

Wannan shine mafi yawan kwakwalwa a cikin tsarin juyayi. Yana da kwakwalwa mai motsa jiki kuma yawanci yana tabbatar da daidaituwa tare da tasirin gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), mai hana neurotransmitter.

Tarihin

Wannan sigar motsa jiki ne mai saurin motsa jiki wanda yake da hannu a cikin martani na kumburi, vasodilation, da kuma ka'idojin kariyar ku ga jikin kasashen waje kamar su allergens.

Dopamine

Dopamine yana da tasirin da ke haifar da haɓaka da hanawa. Yana da alaƙa da hanyoyin sakamako a cikin kwakwalwa.

Miyagun ƙwayoyi kamar su hodar iblis, da jariri, da giya na iya ƙara yawan matakansa na jini na ɗan lokaci. Wannan haɓaka zai iya haifar da ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin da ke harbi ba daidai ba wanda zai iya haifar da maye tare da hankali da al'amuran mayar da hankali.

Halin kwayar kwayar cutar dopamine a cikin jini na iya taimakawa ga motsawa.

Sauran neurotransmitters

Norepinephrine

Har ila yau ana kiransa noradrenaline, norepinephrine shine babban ɗan adam a cikin tsarin juyayi inda yake aiki don sarrafa bugun zuciya, hawan jini, hanta, da sauran ayyuka.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Har ila yau an san shi da GABA, gamma-aminobutyric acid sigar hana ƙwaƙwalwa ce wacce ke aiki a matsayin birki ga masu karɓar motsi. GABA yana da rarraba sosai a cikin kwakwalwa kuma yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen rage haɓakar neuronal cikin tsarin juyayi.

Serotonin

Serotonin mai hana yaduwar kwayar cutar ne wanda ke tattare da tausayawa da yanayi, yana daidaita tasirin kwayar cutar mai saurin wucewa a kwakwalwarka. Serotonin kuma yana daidaita matakai, kamar su sake zagayowar bacci, sha'awar carbohydrate, narkar da abinci, da kuma kula da ciwo.

Rikicin da ke da nasaba da neurotransmitters

Yawancin neurotransmitters sun haɗu da cuta da yawa.

• Cutar Alzheimer an danganta ta da rashin acetylcholine kuma a wasu yankuna na kwakwalwa.
• Schizophrenia an danganta shi da yawan dopamine a cikin hanyar mesolimbic na kwakwalwa.
• An danganta cutar ta Parkinson zuwa ƙaramin kwayar dopamine a cikin sassan motar ƙwaƙwalwa.
• Cutar farfadiya da cutar Huntington an danganta ta da saukar da GABA a kwakwalwa.
• An danganta rikicewar yanayi kamar damuwa.
• An danganta rikice-rikicen yanayi irin su ɓacin rai na jiki, tashin hankali, da raunin bacci. (Norepinephrine) da sauran ƙwayoyin cuta.

Awauki

Akwai biliyoyin kwayoyin neurotransmitter da ke aiki kullum don kiyaye kwakwalwar ku aiki da sarrafa komai daga numfashin ku zuwa bugun zuciyar ku zuwa ikon ku na mai da hankali.

Fahimtar yadda ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin ke sadarwa, da kuma yadda ƙaruwa da raguwa a cikin jijiyoyin jiki ke shafar lafiyarmu ta jiki da ta hankali, yana taimaka wa masu bincike da likitoci gano hanyoyin da za su sa mu cikin farin ciki da koshin lafiya.