Abubuwa 11 na Nishaɗi Game da Tsarin Jijiyoyi

Wadatacce

• 1. Jiki yana da biliyoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi
• 2. Neurons an yi su ne da sassa uku
• 3. Neurons na iya zama dabam da juna
• 4. Neurons an tsara su don yin abubuwa daban-daban
• 5. Akwai sassa biyu na tsarin juyayi
• 6. Akwai tsarin juyayi iri biyu
• 7. Tsarin son rai ya kasu kashi uku
• 8. Jiki yana da tsarin juyayi don shirya jiki don aiki
• 9. Akwai tsarin juyayi don sarrafa jiki a hutawa
• 10. Akwai tsarin juyayi don sarrafa hanji
• 11. Za a iya hawan tsarin ku

Tsarin juyayi shine tsarin sadarwar cikin jiki. Ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin jiki da yawa. Kwayoyin jijiyoyin suna daukar bayanai ta hankulan jiki: tabawa, dandano, wari, gani, da sauti. Brainwaƙwalwar tana fassara waɗannan alamun azanci don fahimtar abin da ke faruwa a waje da cikin jiki. Wannan yana ba mutum damar amfani da jikinsa don ma'amala da muhallin da ke kewaye da shi da kuma sarrafa ayyukan jikinsa.

Tsarin juyayi yana da rikitarwa. Mun dogara da shi kowace rana don taimaka mana zama lafiya da aminci. Me yasa yakamata mu yaba da tsarin damuwa? Karanta waɗannan abubuwan nishaɗin 11 kuma zaku san dalilin:

1. Jiki yana da biliyoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi

Jikin kowane mutum yana dauke da biliyoyin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyi (neurons). Akwai kusan biliyan 100 a cikin kwakwalwa da miliyan 13.5 a cikin laka. 'Sananan jijiyoyin jiki suna ɗauka suna aika siginonin lantarki da na sinadarai (makamashin lantarki) zuwa wasu ƙwayoyin.

2. Neurons an yi su ne da sassa uku

Neurons suna karbar sigina a wani gajeren bangare mai kama da eriya wanda ake kira dendrite, kuma suna aika sigina zuwa wasu jijiyoyin da wani bangare mai kama da kebul wanda ake kira axon. Axon na iya zama tsawon mita.

A wasu jijiyoyin, ana rufe axons da wani bakin ciki na kitse wanda ake kira myelin, wanda yake aiki a matsayin mai insulator. Yana taimakawa watsa sigina na jijiya, ko motsin rai, saukar da doguwar axon. Babban ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta ana kiranta sel. Ya ƙunshi dukkan muhimman sassan tantanin halitta wanda ke ba shi damar aiki daidai.

3. Neurons na iya zama dabam da juna

Neurons suna zuwa da sifofi iri-iri da girma dangane da inda suke a jiki da kuma abin da aka tsara su yi. Neuananan jijiyoyi suna da dendrites a kan iyakar biyu kuma an haɗa su ta hanyar axon mai tsayi wanda ke da jikin kwayar halitta a tsakiya. Neuyoyin motsi suna da jikin kwayar halitta a gefe ɗaya kuma suna dendrites a ɗaya ƙarshen, tare da dogon axon a tsakiya.

4. Neurons an tsara su don yin abubuwa daban-daban

Akwai nau'ikan igiyoyi huɗu:

• Azanci shine: Neuwayoyin azancin jijiyoyin jiki suna isar da sakonnin lantarki daga sassan jiki - {textend} gland, tsokoki, da fata - {textend} a cikin CNS.
• Mota: Neuwayoyin motsi suna ɗaukar sigina daga CNS zuwa sassan jiki na waje.
• Masu karɓa: Masu karɓa na jijiyoyin jijiyoyin suna jin yanayin (haske, sauti, taɓawa, da kuma sinadarai) da ke kusa da ku kuma juya shi zuwa makamashin lantarki wanda aka aiko da ƙwayoyin cuta.
• Hanyoyin yanar gizo: Interneurons suna aika saƙonni daga wannan neuron zuwa wani.

5. Akwai sassa biyu na tsarin juyayi

Tsarin mutum na juyayi ya kasu kashi biyu. An bambanta su ta wurin wurin su a cikin jiki kuma sun haɗa da tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS) da tsarin jijiyoyin jiki (PNS).

CNS yana cikin cikin kwanyar da canjin kashin baya. Ya haɗa da jijiyoyi a cikin kwakwalwa da ƙashin baya. Duk sauran jijiyoyin da suka rage a wasu sassan jikin wani bangare ne na PNS.

6. Akwai tsarin juyayi iri biyu

Jikin kowa yana da CNS da PNS. Amma kuma yana da tsarin son rai da son rai.Tsarin juyayi na jiki (somatic) tsarin juyayi yana sarrafa abubuwan da mutum yake sane kuma zai iya sarrafa hankali, kamar motsa kan su, hannuwan su, ƙafafun sa, ko sauran sassan jikin.

Tsarin juyayi na jiki (ciyayi ko na atomatik) yana sarrafa matakai a cikin jiki wanda mutum baya kulawa da hankali. Yana aiki koyaushe kuma yana daidaita bugun zuciyar mutum, numfashi, motsa jiki, tsakanin sauran mahimman matakai na jiki.

7. Tsarin son rai ya kasu kashi uku

CNS da PNS duka sun haɗa da abubuwan son rai da na son rai. Wadannan sassan suna hade a cikin CNS, amma ba a cikin PNS ba, inda galibi suke faruwa a sassa daban daban na jiki. Theangaren da ba shi da niyya na PNS ya haɗa da tsarin juyayi, da juyayi, da na shigar mai juyayi.

8. Jiki yana da tsarin juyayi don shirya jiki don aiki

Tsarin juyayi mai juyayi yana gaya wa jiki ya shirya don motsa jiki da tunani. Yana sa zuciya bugawa da sauri da sauri kuma yana buɗe hanyoyin iska don sauƙin numfashi. Hakanan yana dakatar da narkewa na ɗan lokaci don jiki ya iya mai da hankali kan aiki mai sauri.

9. Akwai tsarin juyayi don sarrafa jiki a hutawa

Tsarin juyayi mai juyayi yana sarrafa ayyukan jiki lokacin da mutum ya huta. Wasu daga cikin ayyukanta sun haɗa da narkewar narkewa, kunna kumburi, da taimakawa jiki shakatawa.

10. Akwai tsarin juyayi don sarrafa hanji

Jiki yana da nasa tsarin wanda kawai ke sarrafa hanji. Tsarin juyayi na ciki yana sarrafa saurin hanji a matsayin wani bangare na narkewa.

11. Za a iya hawan tsarin ku

yanzu suna haɓaka hanyoyin da za a "yi hacking" a cikin tsarin garkuwar jiki, suna samun ikon sarrafa ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa tare da walƙiyar haske. Ana iya tsara ƙwayoyin don amsawa zuwa haske ta hanyar canzawar kwayar halitta.

Hacking na iya taimaka wa masana kimiya game da ayyukan ƙungiyoyi daban-daban na ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna iya kunna ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa da yawa a lokaci guda kuma su lura da tasirin su a jiki.