Platelets: menene su, aikin su da ƙimar tunani

Wadatacce

• Babban ayyuka
• Abubuwan bincike
• Yadda ake kara platelet
• Lokacin da aka nuna gudummawar platelet

Platelets wasu yan guntun guntun wayoyin salula ne wadanda aka samo daga kwayar halittar da kashin kashi, megakaryocyte ya samar. Tsarin samar da megakaryocytes ta bargo da gutsutsurewa zuwa cikin platelet yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 10 kuma ana tsara shi ta hormone thrombopoietin, wanda hanta da ƙoda suke samarwa.

Platelets suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tsarin samar da toshe platelet, kasancewar suna da mahimmanci don hana zub da jini mai yawa, sabili da haka yana da mahimmanci adadin platelet da ke zagayawa cikin jiki yana cikin ƙimomin tunani na yau da kullun.

Babban ayyuka

Platelet suna da mahimmanci don aiwatar da ƙirar platelet platelet yayin amsawa ta al'ada ga raunin jijiyoyin jini. Idan babu platelet, zubewar jini da yawa ba zato ba tsammani na iya faruwa a cikin ƙananan jiragen ruwa, wanda zai iya lalata yanayin lafiyar mutum.

Ana iya kasafta aikin platelet zuwa manyan matakai guda uku, wadanda suka hada da mannewa, tarawa da sakewa wadanda kuma suke shiga tsakani ta hanyar abubuwan da platelets suka fitar yayin aikin, da kuma wasu abubuwan da jini da jiki suka samar. Lokacin da akwai rauni, ana sanya platelet din a wurin rauni don hana yawan zubar jini.

A wurin raunin, akwai takamaiman mu'amala tsakanin platelet da tantanin tantanin halitta, aikin mannewa, da kuma hulɗar tsakanin platelet da platelet (aikin tarawa), waɗanda aka shiga tsakani da cewa ana iya samun Von Willebrand a cikin platelets. Baya ga fitowar abin da ya shafi Von Willebrand, akwai samarwa da kuma yin aiki na wasu abubuwan da kuma sunadarai masu alaƙa da tsarin daskarewar jini.

Matsayin Von Willebrand da ke cikin platelets galibi ana danganta shi da factor VIII na coagulation, wanda ke da mahimmanci don kunna factor X da ci gaba da coagulation cascade, wanda ke haifar da samar da fibrin, wanda ya dace da toshewar hemostatic ta biyu.

Abubuwan bincike

Don aikin jujjuyawar juji da kuma samar da abin da ke cikin platelet su faru daidai, adadin platelet a cikin jini dole ne ya kasance tsakanin 150,000 zuwa 450,000 / mm³ na jini. Koyaya, akwai wasu yanayi waɗanda zasu iya sa adadin platelet ya rage ko ƙaruwa a cikin jini.

Thrombocytosis, wanda yayi daidai da yawan adadin platelet, yawanci baya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka, ana fahimtarsa ​​ta hanyar aikin ƙidayar jini. Yawan adadin platelet galibi yana da nasaba ne da sauye-sauyen kasusuwan kasusuwa, cututtukan myeloproliferative, hemolytic anemias da kuma bayan hanyoyin tiyata, alal misali, tunda akwai ƙoƙari da jiki ke yi don hana manyan zubar jini. Koyi game da sauran dalilan ci gaban platelet.

Thrombocytopenia yana dauke da raguwar adadin platelet wanda ka iya zama sanadiyyar cututtukan autoimmune, cututtuka masu yaduwa, karancin sinadarai na iron, folic acid ko bitamin B12 da kuma matsalolin da suke da alaƙa da matsaloli a cikin saifa, misali. Za'a iya lura da raguwar adadin platelet ta wasu alamun, kamar kasancewar zubar jini a hanci da kuma gumis, karuwar jinin al'ada, kasancewar akwai launuka masu launi a fata da kuma kasancewar jini cikin fitsari, misali. Koyi duk game da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.

Yadda ake kara platelet

Ofaya daga cikin hanyoyin da za'a iya maye gurbin samar da platelet shine ta hanyar maye gurbin thrombopoietin, tunda wannan homon ɗin shine ke da alhakin haɓaka waɗannan ƙwayoyin na salula. Koyaya, wannan hormone ba shi da amfani don asibiti, duk da haka akwai kwayoyi waɗanda suke kwaikwayon aikin wannan hormone, suna iya haɓaka samar da platelet kimanin kwanaki 6 bayan fara jiyya, kamar su Romiplostim da Eltrombopag, waɗanda ya kamata a yi amfani da su daidai da shawarar likita.

Amfani da magunguna, ana ba da shawarar ne kawai bayan gano abin da ya sa rage ƙwarjin, kuma yana iya zama dole a cire saifa, amfani da corticosteroids, maganin rigakafi, tace jini ko ma ƙarin platelet. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci a sami wadataccen daidaitaccen abinci, mai wadataccen hatsi, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, kayan lambu, ganyaye da nama mai laushi don taimakawa cikin tsarin samar da ƙwayoyin jini da kuma son murmurewar jiki.

Lokacin da aka nuna gudummawar platelet

Ana iya bayar da gudummawar platelet ga duk wanda ya yi nauyi sama da kilogiram 50 kuma yana cikin ƙoshin lafiya kuma yana da niyyar taimakawa wajen murmurewar mutumin da ke jinyar cutar sankarar bargo ko wasu nau'o'in cutar kansa, mutanen da ke yin dashen ƙashi da aikin tiyatar zuciya, misali.

Ana iya yin gudummawar platelet ba tare da wata cutarwa ga mai ba da gudummawar ba, tunda maye gurbin platelet da kwayoyin ke yi na tsawon awanni 48, kuma ana yin sa ne daga tarin jinin gaba ɗaya daga mai ba da gudummawa wanda nan da nan ya bi hanyar kawo cikas, zuwa ga cewa akwai rabuwa da masu raba jini. Yayin aikin kawo cikas, ana raba platelet a cikin jaka mai tarin yawa, yayin da sauran kayan jinin suka koma jinin mai bayarwa.

Tsarin yana ɗaukar kusan minti 90 kuma ana amfani da maganin rigakafi a duk cikin aikin don hana daskarewa da kiyaye ƙwayoyin jini. Ana ba da gudummawar platelet ne kawai ga matan da ba su taɓa yin ciki ba kuma ga mutanen da ba su yi amfani da asfirin, acetylsalicylic acid ko magungunan da ba na hormonal ba a cikin kwanaki 3 kafin gudummawar.