Hypoparathyroidism: menene menene, cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Yadda ake yin maganin
• Abubuwan da ke iya haifar da hypoparathyroidism
• Sanadin hypoparathyroidism na farko
• Sanadin hypoparathyroidism na biyu
• Dalilin cutar pseudohypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism yana nufin saitin cututtuka, ko yanayi, wanda ke haifar da raguwar aikin hormone PTH, wanda aka fi sani da parathormone.

Wannan hormone an samar dashi ne daga gland na parathyroid, wadanda sune kananan gland 4 wadanda suke bayan thyroid kuma yana da muhimmiyar hormone wanda, tare da bitamin D, suna kiyaye isashshen matakan calcium.

Don haka, lokacin da akwai rashin PTH a cikin jiki, abu ne na yau da kullun a lura da raguwar matakan alli a cikin jini, wanda aka sani da hypocalcemia, wanda zai iya haifar da alamomi kamar rauni, zafin jijiyoyin jiki, canje-canje a ƙasusuwa, matsalolin jijiyoyin jiki ko ma matsalolin zuciya. Ara koyo game da hypocalcemia da abin da zai iya haifarwa.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Alamun hypoparathyroidism galibi suna da alaƙa da matsalolin da rashin aikin PTH ke haifarwa. Don haka, wasu alamu da alamomin da zasu iya bayyana sun haɗa da:

• Musclearfin tsoka mai ƙarfi;
• Magungunan tsoka;
• Raunin jijiyoyi ko ciwo;
• Izedaddamarwa ta musamman;
• Bugun zuciya

Tunda PTH shine mai kula da alli, lokacin da babu wadataccen PTH, ba za'a iya shan alli yadda yakamata a cikin hanji ba kuma har yanzu ana cire shi a cikin fitsari, wanda hakan ke haifar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin calcium a cikin jini ko hypocalcemia.

Ofarfin alamun ya dogara da tsanani da saurin asarar matakan alli. Yawancin marasa lafiya da ke fama da cutar ta hypoparathyroidism suna da cutar asymptomatic, kuma suna da alamun ne kawai lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙarin alli a jiki, kamar lokacin ciki, shayarwa ko kuma tare da amfani da ƙwayoyi waɗanda ke rage alli.

A cikin al'amuran da suka fi na yau da kullun, mai yiwuwa kuma babu alamun alamun, kuma ana iya gano cutar ne kawai a cikin gwaje-gwajen da ake yi na yau da kullun, ko kuma za a iya samun alamomi masu sauƙi kamar su ƙwanƙwasawa da rashin jin dadi a ƙafa, hannu ko a kusa da baki.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Maganin hypoparathyroidism yana da babban maƙasudin sarrafa iko da rage ƙwayar alli a cikin jiki, kuma ya kamata masanin endocrinologist ya jagorance shi gwargwadon sanadinsa, tsananinsa, alamominsa da matakan kalshiya.

Lokacin da matakan alli suka yi ƙasa kaɗan, ƙasa da 7.5mg / dl, hypocalcemia mai tsanani ya bayyana kuma, a cikin waɗannan halayen, magani a asibiti ya zama dole, tare da maye gurbin alli kai tsaye a cikin jijiyar, tare da allurar gluconate.

Lokacin da hypocalcemia ke da sauƙi kuma mai ciwuwa, magani ya ƙunshi maye gurbin alli da bitamin D da baki. Magnesium yana taimakawa wajen haɓaka samar da PTH kuma, sabili da haka, na iya zama mai amfani, musamman idan matakansa suma sun yi ƙasa. Sauran magunguna, kamar su thiazide diuretics ko maye gurbin PTH, za'a iya basu shawara ta endocrinologist, ya danganta da kowane yanayi.

Abubuwan da ke iya haifar da hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism za a iya raba shi zuwa manyan nau'ikan 2, dangane da dalilan da ke haifar da rashin aikin PTH:

• Tsarin hypoparathyroidism na farko: yana faruwa lokacinda aka lalata samarda PTH saboda gland yana da matsala ko an cire shi.
• Hypoparathyroidism na biyu: shine lokacin da wasu masu motsa jiki, kamar su magnesium low, ke sa gland din su samar da PTH kadan ba tare da samun matsala a cikin su ba.

Akwai kuma na uku, wanda ake kira da pseudo-hypoparathyroidism, wanda ke faruwa a cikin cututtukan da aka gada, wato, wanda ke ratsa kwayoyin halittar dangi, daga iyaye zuwa yara, wanda kuma yake kara juriya a gabobin da ya kamata homon din yayi aiki. Sabili da haka, hormone ba zai iya yin aikin sa ba duk da cewa ana samar dashi da yawa ta hanyar gland na parathyroid.

Sanadin hypoparathyroidism na farko

Wannan nau'in yana faruwa a mafi yawan lokuta saboda cire gland na parathyroid, a cikin yanayin maganin hyperparathyroidism, misali, amma kuma yana iya faruwa saboda rauni na haɗari ga glandon parathyroid. Wannan shari'ar tana faruwa ne lokacin da aka yi tiyata a yankin wuya, wato thyroid, don cutar kansa ko nodules. Tunda sifofin sun kusa kuma glandan sunyi kadan, wani lokacin mawuyacin abu ne don ganowa da kuma raba su da sauran sassan. Bincika lokacin da cirewar thyroid ya zama dole da kuma yadda murmurewa yake.

Sanadin hypoparathyroidism na biyu

Wannan nau'in hypoparathyroidism yawanci yakan haifar dashi ta hanyar ci gaba da rashin magnesium.

Kodayake ƙananan magnesium na iya motsa samar da PTH, lokacin da magnesium yayi ƙasa ƙwarai, kuma na dogon lokaci, yana aika saƙo zuwa ga parathyroid don kar ya ƙara yawan PTH kuma har yanzu yana sa gabobin ba sa jin daɗin hormone, don haka ba zai iya yin aiki ba, yana haifar da hypoparathyroidism.

Dalilin cutar pseudohypoparathyroidism

Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism yana nufin jerin cututtukan da maye gurbi na jinsin mutum, yawanci gado, yana haifar da kyallen fatar jikin mutum ya zama mai rashin kulawa ga aikin PTH. Akwai nau'ikan pseudohypoparathyroidism guda 3, ya danganta da ko suna da alaƙa da wata cuta mai saurin gaske da ake kira Albright ta gado osteodystrophy da kuma irin ƙarfin PTH da ake haifarwa.

Dangane da rashin aiki na PTH, gland yana ƙaruwa a girma kuma yana ƙoƙarin samar da ƙarin PTH, tare da al'ada ko ma mahimman matakan PTH a cikin jini, amma wannan PTH bai iya aiki ba. Sabili da haka, hoton asibiti daidai yake da na hypoparathyroidism, kamar dai ba a sami hormone ba. Sabili da haka, ba za a iya kiran shi hypoparathyroidism na yau da kullun ba, tunda a zahiri matakan PTH da ke zagayawa al'ada ce ko ma sun ƙaru, ana kiran su da ƙarya-hypoparathyroidism, wanda ke nufin "kama da hypoparathyroidism".