Ta Yaya Neman Tuntuɓi Yana Aiki, Daidai?

Wadatacce

• Menene bin diddigin lamba, daidai?
• Wanene mai gano lamba zai iya tuntuɓarsa?
• Menene zai faru a gaba idan mai tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ya tuntube ku?
• Wahalhalun Bin -sawu
• Yaushe ne mafi kyawun lokacin yin tuntuɓar tuntuɓar?
• Bita don

Tare da fiye da miliyan 1.3 da aka tabbatar sun kamu da cutar coronavirus (COVID-19) a duk faɗin Amurka, ƙalubalen suna da yawa cewa kwayar tana yawo a yankin ku. Jihohi da yawa a yanzu sun ƙaddamar da shirye -shiryen tuntuɓar al'ummomin don ƙoƙarin bin diddigin mutanen da wataƙila sun yi mu'amala da mai cutar, tare da fatan murkushe yaduwar tare da taimaka wa jama'a su fahimci haɗarin kamuwa da cutar.

Ba a taɓa jin labarin gano tuntuɓar ba? Ba kai kaɗai ba, amma filin girma ne cikin sauri a yanzu. Dangane da karuwar bukatar masu gano tuntuɓar juna, Jami'ar Johns Hopkins har ma ta fitar da kwas ɗin binciken tuntuɓar kan layi kyauta ga duk wanda ke son koyo game da aikin.

Ga abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da bin diddigin lamba, da abin da zaku iya tsammanin idan mai binciken mai tuntuɓar ya taɓa kusantar ku.

Menene bin diddigin lamba, daidai?

Neman tuntuɓar al'adar kiwon lafiyar jama'a ce ta annoba wacce ke aiki don gano mutanen da suka yi hulɗa da wanda ya kamu da cuta mai yaduwa (a cikin wannan yanayin, COVID-19), a cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). Tuntuɓi masu ganowa suna sanar da mutane cewa sun kamu da wata cuta mai yaduwa kuma su bi su akai-akai don ba da umarni kan abin da za su yi na gaba. Waɗancan bin diddigin na iya haɗawa da shawarwarin rigakafin cutar gabaɗaya, lura da alamu, ko kwatance don ware kai, a tsakanin sauran jagororin, dangane da halin da ake ciki, a cewar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO). Neman tuntuɓar ba sabon abu ba ne tare da COVID-19-an yi amfani da shi a baya don sauran cututtukan da ke yaduwa, kamar Ebola.

A cikin mahallin COVID-19, mutanen da suka san hulɗa da wani tare da tabbataccen shari'ar ana ƙarfafa su su ware kansu na tsawon kwanaki 14 bayan bayyanar su ta ƙarshe ga mutumin da ke kamuwa da cutar don ƙoƙarin dakatar da sarkar cutar coronavirus, a cewar. CDC. (Mai alaƙa: Yaushe, Daidai, Ya Kamata Ya Kamata Ka Sanya Kai Idan Kana Tunanin Kuna da Coronavirus?)

“Ainihin manufar ita ce, da zaran an gano majiyyaci yana da ingancin COVID-19, sai an yi hira da wani mai gano lamba don fahimtar duk mutanen da suka yi mu’amala da su ido-da-ido a tsawon lokacin. wanda wataƙila za su iya kamuwa da cuta, ”in ji Carolyn Cannuscio, Sc.D., darektan bincike na Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a a Jami'ar Pennsylvania. "Muna ƙoƙarin samun waccan hirar cikin sauri kuma mu yi ta yadda ya kamata."

Ana yin binciken tuntuɓe a matakin gida da na jihohi, don haka tsarin na iya bambanta dangane da inda aka yi, in ji masanin cutar Henry F. Raymond, Dr.PH, MPH, mataimakiyar darektan lafiyar jama'a a Cibiyar amsa COVID-19 da Cutar Kwalara Shirye -shirye a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta Rutgers. Misali, wasu hukunce-hukuncen na iya neman duk wanda ya yi kusanci da wanda ya kamu da cutar a cikin kwanaki 14 kafin a gano cutar, yayin da wasu na iya yin la'akari da abokan hulɗa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, in ji shi.

Wanene mai gano lamba zai iya tuntuɓarsa?

Makullin anan shine samun "tunanin sirri" tare da wanda ya kamu da cutar, in ji Elaine Symanski, Ph.D., farfesa a Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiyar Muhalli a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Baylor.

Yayin da ake yin binciken tuntuba a matakin gida da na jihohi, CDC ta ba da jagora kan wanda yakamata a tuntuɓi a cikin barkewar COVID-19. A karkashin wannan jagorar, "kusanci" yayin bala'in COVID-19 an bayyana shi azaman wanda ke tsakanin ƙafa shida na mai cutar aƙalla mintuna 15, yana farawa daga awanni 48 kafin mai haƙuri ya fara fuskantar alamun cutar har zuwa lokacin da aka ware su. .

Abokai na kud da kud, dangi, da abokan aikin wanda ya kamu da cutar ne ake iya tuntubar su, in ji Cannuscio. Amma idan kawai kun kasance kuna zuwa siyayyar kayan abinci a lokaci guda da wanda ya kamu da cutar, ko kuma ku wuce su yayin zagayawa a unguwar ku, da wuya za ku ji ta bakin mai tuntuɓar ku, in ji ta. Wannan ya ce, idan mai cutar ya kasance a cikin ƙaramin sarari kamar motar jama'a na dogon lokaci, mai bin diddigin na iya ƙoƙarin binciko wanda ke cikin wannan bas ɗin don isa gare su, in ji Abiodun Oluyomi, Ph.D. , mataimakiyar farfesa na likitanci a Kwalejin Kimiyya ta Baylor. Wannan shine inda masu binciken tuntuɓar za su iya shiga aikin matakin bincike.

"Idan wani ya kamu da cutar, akwai hanyoyi guda biyu na gaya wa mai binciken wanda suka yi mu'amala da su," in ji Oluyomi. Marasa lafiya da suka san tabbas sun yi hulɗa da wasu mutane suna iya ba da sunaye da bayanan tuntuɓar ma'aikacin binciken - yana da sauƙi, in ji Oluyomi. Amma idan sun hau bas na dogon lokaci daidai kafin a gano su, kuma sun san hanyar bas, mai bin diddigin na iya rarrabe ta rajistan tarihi da bayanan wucewar bas don ƙoƙarin nemo wasu mutanen da suka hau bas ta amfani da izinin wucewa. kamar MetroCard. "Sa'an nan, kun san su waye kuma za ku iya tuntuɓar su," in ji Oluyomi. Duk da haka, ko da yake, ba koyaushe za ku iya ganowa ba kowa da kowa, ya lura.A cikin misalin bas, waɗanda suka yi amfani da tsabar kuɗi maimakon MetroCard wataƙila ba za a tuntuɓar su ba, in ji shi - kawai ba za ku iya sanin su waye ba. "[Bin diddigin tuntuɓar] ba zai taɓa zama wawa 100 % ba," in ji Oluyomi. (Mai Alaƙa: Shin Wannan Kwaikwayon na Masu Gudun Yadawa Coronavirus A Haƙiƙa Halal ne?)

A gefe guda, idan majinyacin da ya kamu da cutar ya san sunan abokin hulɗa amma bai da tabbacin sauran bayanansu na sirri, mai ganowa na iya ƙoƙarin gano su ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarun ko wasu bayanan da za su iya samu ta kan layi, in ji Cannuscio.

Abubuwan da ba a sani ba suna da ƙalubale ga masu binciken lamba, amma suna yin iya ƙoƙarinsu. "A halin yanzu, [masu binciken lamba] dole ne su mai da hankali kan lambobin da mutum ya sani," in ji Dokta Raymond. "Manyan abubuwan da ba za a iya bayyanawa ba za su kasance kusa da yiwuwar gano su." Kuma an ba da cewa Robert Redfield, MD, darektan CDC, kwanan nan ya fada NPR cewa kusan kashi 25 na duk Amurkawa da ke da COVID-19 na iya zama asymptomatic, ganowa kowane lamba ɗaya kawai ba zai yiwu dari bisa ɗari ba.

Da farko, masu binciken tuntuɓar za su iya tuntuɓar abokan hulɗar mai cutar su tsaya a can. Amma masu tuntuɓar tuntuɓar za su fara isa ga wani lambobin sadarwa idan tuntuɓar farko ta zama don gwada inganci ga COVID-19 da kansu - rikice, daidai? "Yana kama da itace, sannan rassan da ganye," in ji Oluyomi.

Menene zai faru a gaba idan mai tuntuɓar tuntuɓar ya tuntube ku?

Don masu farawa, tabbas za ku yi magana da ainihin mutum -wannan yawanci ba robocall bane. "Yana da mahimmanci mutane su sami bayanai cikin sauri, amma samfurin mu shine hulɗar ɗan adam tana da mahimmanci," in ji Cannuscio. "Mutane suna da tambayoyi da yawa idan sun ji daga gare mu, kuma muna so mu sami damar tallafa musu, ba da tabbaci, da kuma taimaka musu su fahimci yadda za a takaita yaduwar cutar ga mutanen da suka damu da su. Suna cikin damuwa, kuma su so su san abin da ya kamata su yi. "

Don bayanan: Yana da wuya mai binciken gano wanda ya kamu da cutar ya gaya muku wanene wanda ya kamu da cutar da kuka yi hulɗa da shi— yawanci ba a san sunansa ba don dalilai na sirri don kare wanda ya kamu da cutar, in ji Dokta Raymond. "[An mai da hankali] kan tabbatar da cewa lambobin sadarwa suna samun aiyukan kiwon lafiya da za su buƙaci," in ji shi.

Tsarin ya ɗan bambanta a ko'ina, amma da zarar an tuntube ku kuma an gaya muku kwanan nan kuna hulɗa da wanda ya kamu da COVID-19, za a yi muku tambayoyi da yawa game da lokacin da wataƙila kun sadu da mai cutar. (yayin da ba za ku san ainihin su ba, za a iya ba ku cikakkun bayanai kamar ko sun yi aiki a ginin ku, suna zaune a unguwarku, da sauransu), yanayin rayuwar ku, yanayin lafiyar ku, da kuma ko kuna da alamun cutar a halin yanzu. , yayi bayanin Dr. Raymond.

Hakanan za a nemi ku keɓe kai na tsawon kwanaki 14 daga ranar ƙarshe da wataƙila kuka kasance kuna hulɗa da mai cutar, wanda masu binciken suka sani buƙatu ce mai wuya. "Akwai canjin ɗabi'a da yawa da muke roƙon mutane su yi," in ji Cannuscio. "Muna rokon su da su nisanta kansu daga cikin jama'a har ma da takaita hulda da gidan su." Za a kuma umarce ku da ku kula da alamun ku a wannan lokacin kuma za a ba ku umarni kan abin da za ku yi idan kun sami bayyanar cututtuka. (Mai alaƙa: Daidai abin da za ku yi idan kuna zaune da wanda ke da Coronavirus)

Wahalhalun Bin -sawu

Yayin da shirin gwamnatin tarayya na sake buɗe Amurka ya haɗa da shawarwarin duka tsauraran gwajin coronavirus da tuntuɓar juna (a tsakanin sauran matakan), ba duk jihohin da ke sake buɗewa suna bin waɗannan ƙa'idodin ba. A jihohin cewa yi sun tuntuɓi wani ɓangare na aikin sake buɗe su, yaya tasiri yake da gaske don hana yaduwar COVID-19?

CDC ta ce tuntuɓar tuntuɓar "ma'auni ne na sarrafa cuta" da "maɓalli mai mahimmanci don hana ci gaba da yaduwar COVID-19." Masana sun yarda: "Ba mu da allurar riga -kafi. Ba mu da gwajin kwayar cutar ko gwajin rigakafin cutar. Ba tare da wadannan ba, yana da wuya a ware mai kamuwa da cutar daga mai saukin kamuwa ba tare da gano lamba ba," in ji Dokta Raymond.

Amma Cannuscio ya ce bin diddigin tuntuɓar zai fi tasiri da zarar mutum yana can. Ta kara da cewa "A yanayi da yawa, adadin kararrakin ya yi yawa wanda da wuya a ci gaba," in ji ta.

Bugu da ƙari, bin diddigin tuntuɓar ba shi da ci gaban fasaha kamar yadda zai iya. A yanzu haka a Amurka, gano tuntuɓar mutane galibi ke yin su—masu gano suna yin tambayoyin, suna kai wa ta waya, har ma da zuwa gidaje a wasu lokuta don bin diddigin, in ji Dokta Raymond. Wannan ya shafi mai yawa na ma’aikata—yawancinsu a halin yanzu babu su, in ji Dr. Symanski. "Yana da matukar lokaci da aiki sosai," in ji ta. Oluyomi ya kara da cewa "Har yanzu muna kan matakin daukar mutanen da za su iya yin aikin." (Mai alaƙa: Mai Binciken Lafiyar ku na iya Taimaka muku Kalli Alamomin Coronavirus Ƙarƙashin Radar)

Amma binciken tuntuɓar ya kasance mai sarrafa kansa (aƙalla a sashi) wani wuri. A Koriya ta Kudu, masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu sun kirkiri ƙa'idodi don taimakawa goyan bayan tuntuɓar gwamnati. Aikace-aikacen guda ɗaya, wanda ake kira Corona 100m, yana tattara bayanai daga majiyoyin lafiyar jama'a don sanar da mutane ko an gano tabbataccen shari'ar COVID-19 a cikin radiyon mita 100 daga cikinsu, tare da ranar da aka gano mai haƙuri, a cewar Kallon Kasuwa. Wani app, wanda ake kira Taswirar Corona, yana shirya inda masu cutar ke kan taswira don haka ana iya fahimtar bayanan cikin sauƙin gani.

Cannuscio ya ce "[Wadannan aikace-aikacen] sun bayyana sun yi aiki sosai," in ji Cannuscio, lura da cewa Koriya ta Kudu ta rage yawan mace-mace idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen da coronavirus ke yaduwa. "Suna da tsarin tashin hankali wanda ya haɗu da bin diddigin dijital da ɗan adam. Koriya ta Kudu ana kiyaye ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin ƙa'idodin yadda ake yin hakan," in ji ta. "A Amurka, muna wasa ne saboda sassan kiwon lafiya ba su da albarkatun da za su iya yin hakan a sikelin."

Wannan na iya canzawa a ƙarshe. A cikin Amurka, Google da Apple sun hada karfi da karfe a kokarin sarrafa tsarin binciken lamba. Manufar, in ji kamfanonin, ita ce "ba da damar amfani da fasahar Bluetooth don taimakawa gwamnatoci da hukumomin kiwon lafiya don rage yaduwar cutar, tare da sirrin masu amfani da tsaro a cikin tsarin."

Yaushe ne mafi kyawun lokacin yin tuntuɓar tuntuɓar?

A cikin cikakkiyar duniya, mafi kyawun lokacin fara farautar tuntuɓar zai kasance daga farkon gano cutar, in ji Dokta Raymond. "Koyaya, hakan yana aiki ne kawai idan kun san lokacin farkon kuma kun kasance kuna neman [cutar] da sauri," in ji shi.

Cannuscio yayi la'akari da bin diddigin hulɗa musamman mahimmanci yayin da jihohi, kasuwanci, da makarantu ke sake buɗewa. "Manufar da gaske ita ce za ta iya hanzarta gano sabbin lamuran, ware waɗancan mutanen, san ko su wanene abokan hulɗarsu, da kuma taimaka wa waɗanda ke hulɗar su kasance cikin keɓe don kada su sami damar ci gaba da kamuwa da wasu," in ji ta. "Wannan yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa sabbin barkewar cutar don haka ba mu da saurin haɓakawa a lokuta kamar yadda muka gani a cikin New York City." (Mai alaƙa: Shin Zai Kasance Lafiya Yin Aiki a Gym Bayan Coronavirus?)

Har yanzu, bin diddigin tuntuɓar ba cikakkiyar kimiyya ba ce. Hatta masana cututtukan dabbobi sun yarda cewa tsarin yana da rikitarwa a kwanakin nan. Cannuscio ya ce: "Ba abin yarda ba ne." "Tarurrukan da nake ciki, kowa ya yarda cewa muna farkawa kuma muna fuskantar ƙalubalen da ba mu yi tsammanin za mu fuskanta yanzu ba."

Bayanai a cikin wannan labarin daidai ne har zuwa lokacin da ake bugawa. Kamar yadda sabuntawa game da coronavirus COVID-19 ke ci gaba da haɓakawa, yana yiwuwa wasu bayanai da shawarwari a cikin wannan labarin sun canza tun farkon bugawa. Muna ƙarfafa ku da ku bincika akai-akai tare da albarkatu kamar CDC, WHO, da sashin kula da lafiyar jama'a na gida don ƙarin sabbin bayanai da shawarwari.

Bita don