Myelodysplasia: menene menene, cututtuka da magani

Wadatacce

• Babban bayyanar cututtuka
• Menene sababi
• Yadda za'a tabbatar
• Yadda ake yin maganin

Myelodysplastic Syndrome, ko myelodysplasia, ya dace da rukunin cututtukan da ke tattare da ci gaban ciwan ƙashin ƙashi, wanda ke haifar da samar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu lahani ko waɗanda ba su balaga ba waɗanda ke bayyana a cikin jini, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin jini, yawan gajiya, yanayin kamuwa da cuta da zubar jini. akai-akai, wanda zai haifar da rikitarwa sosai.

Kodayake yana iya bayyana a kowane zamani, wannan cutar ta fi faruwa ga mutanen da suka haura shekara 70, kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, ba a bayyana dalilan da ke haifar da ita ba, duk da cewa a wasu lokuta yana iya tashi sakamakon magance wata cutar daji da ta gabata da cutar kansar magani, radiation ko fallasawa ga sinadarai, misali benzene ko hayaƙi, misali.

Myelodysplasia yawanci ana iya warkewa tare da dashewar kashin ƙashi, duk da haka, wannan ba zai yiwu ga duk marasa lafiya ba, kuma yana da mahimmanci a nemi jagora daga babban likitan ko likitan jini.

Babban bayyanar cututtuka

Kashin kasusuwa wuri ne mai muhimmanci a cikin jiki wanda yake samar da kwayoyin jini, kamar su jajayen jini, waxanda suke da jajayen jini, leukocytes, waxanda su ne fararen jini da ke da alhakin kare jiki da platelets, waxanda suke da asali ga daskarewar jini. Saboda haka, raunin ku yana haifar da alamu da alamomi kamar:

• Gajiya mai yawa;
• Gwanin;
• Ofarancin numfashi;
• Yanayin kamuwa da cututtuka;
• Zazzaɓi;
• Zuban jini;
• Bayyanar launin ja a jiki.

A cikin al'amuran farko, mutum bazai iya nuna alamun ba, kuma cutar ta ƙare ana gano shi a cikin gwaje-gwajen yau da kullun. Bugu da kari, adadin da tsananin alamun zai dogara ne akan nau'ikan kwayoyin jinin da cutar myelodysplasia ta fi shafa da kuma mahimmancin kowane lamari. Kimanin kashi 1 bisa 3 na cututtukan myelodysplastic na iya ci gaba zuwa cutar sankarar bargo, wanda shine nau'in ciwon daji mai tsanani na ƙwayoyin jini. Duba ƙarin game da cutar sankarar myeloid mai tsanani.

Sabili da haka, ba zai yiwu a ƙayyade lokacin tsammanin rai ga waɗannan marasa lafiya ba, tun da cutar na iya canzawa sosai a hankali, shekaru da yawa, kamar yadda zai iya canzawa zuwa mummunan yanayi, tare da ɗan amsawa ga magani da haifar da ƙarin rikitarwa a cikin fewan watanni. shekaru.

Menene sababi

Dalilin rashin lafiya na myelodysplastic ba shi da tabbaci sosai, duk da haka a mafi yawan lokuta cutar na da asali na asali, amma sauyin DNA ba koyaushe ake samu ba, kuma ana rarraba cutar azaman myelodysplasia na farko. Kodayake yana iya samun dalilin kwayar halitta, cutar ba ta gado ba ce.

Hakanan za'a iya rarraba cututtukan Myelodysplastic a matsayin na biyu idan ya tashi sakamakon wasu yanayi, kamar maye da ƙwayoyi ke haifar da shi, kamar chemotherapy, radiotherapy, benzene, pesticides, taba, gubar ko mercury, misali.

Yadda za'a tabbatar

Don tabbatar da ganewar asali na myelodysplasia, likitan jini zai yi gwajin asibiti da yin oda kamar:

• Yawan jini, wanda ke tantance yawan kwayoyin jinin jini, leukocytes da platelets a cikin jini;
• Myelogram, wanda shine mai neman kashin kashin da zai iya kimanta yawa da halaye na kwayoyin halitta a wannan wurin. Fahimci yadda ake yin myelogram;
• Kwayoyin halitta da gwajin gwaji, kamar karyotype ko rigakafin cutar;
• Gwajin kasusuwa, wanda zai iya ba da ƙarin bayani game da abun da ke cikin kashin, musamman lokacin da ya canza sosai ko kuma ya sha wahala daga wasu rikice-rikice, kamar shigarwar fibrosis;
• Sashin ƙarfe, bitamin B12 da folic acid, saboda karancinsu na iya haifar da canje-canje wajen samar da jini.

Ta wannan hanyar, masanin jini zai iya gano nau'in myelodysplasia, ya banbanta shi da sauran cututtukan kasusuwa kuma ya fi kyau sanin irin maganin.

Yadda ake yin maganin

Babban hanyar magani ita ce dashewar kashin, wanda zai iya haifar da maganin cutar, amma, ba duk mutane ne suka dace da wannan aikin ba, wanda ya kamata a yi a cikin mutanen da ba su da cututtukan da ke iyakance ƙarfin jikinsu kuma zai fi dacewa a ƙarƙashin shekara 65.

Wani zaɓin magani ya haɗa da chemotherapy, wanda yawanci ana yin shi tare da ƙwayoyi kamar Azacitidine da Decitabine, alal misali, ana yin su a cikin hawan keke wanda ƙwararren likitan jini ya ƙaddara.

Mayarin jini na iya zama dole a wasu yanayi, musamman ma lokacin da ake fama da matsanancin ƙarancin jini ko kuma rashin ƙarancin platelet da ke ba da izinin cikakken jini. Duba alamun da kuma yadda ake karin jini.