Ta Yaya Ake Binciko Magungunan Magungunan Magunguna Masu Yawa?

Wadatacce

• Menene alamun cutar MS?
• Menene tsari don bincikar MS?
• Gwajin jini
• Bayyana yiwuwar gwaji
• Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI)
• Lumbar huda (kashin baya)
• Ka'idojin bincike
• Shin tsarin bincike ya banbanta ga kowane nau'in MS?
• Sake dawo da MS
• MS na ci gaba na farko
• MS na gaba na gaba
• Ciwon rashin lafiya na asibiti (CIS)
• Awauki

Menene ƙwayar cuta mai yawa?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) wani yanayi ne inda tsarin garkuwar jiki ya afkawa da lafiyayyen nama a cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya (CNS). Yankunan da abin ya shafa sun hada da:

• kwakwalwa
• kashin baya
• jijiyoyin gani

Yawancin nau'ikan cututtukan sclerosis da yawa sun wanzu, amma likitoci ba su da tabbataccen gwaji don sanin ko wani yana da yanayin.

Saboda babu gwajin gwaji guda daya don MS, likitanku na iya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da yawa don kawar da wasu yanayi masu yuwuwa. Idan gwaje-gwajen ba su da kyau, za su iya ba da shawarar wasu gwaje-gwajen don gano idan alamun ka sun faru ne saboda MS.

Koyaya, sababbin abubuwa a cikin hoto da ci gaba da bincike akan MS gabaɗaya suna nufin haɓaka cigaba a bincikar cutar da kula da MS.

Menene alamun cutar MS?

CNS tana aiki azaman cibiyar sadarwa a jikinku. Yana aika sigina zuwa ga tsokoki don motsa su, kuma jiki yana watsa sigina baya don CNS su fassara. Waɗannan siginar na iya haɗawa da saƙonni game da abin da kake gani ko ji, kamar taɓa farfajiya mai zafi.

A gefen zaren jijiyoyin da ke dauke da sakonni akwai akwati mai kariya da ake kira myelin (MY-uh-lin). Myelin ya sauƙaƙa don ƙwayoyin jijiya don watsa saƙonni. Ya yi kama da yadda zaren fiber-optic zai iya gudanar da saƙonni da sauri fiye da na gargajiya.

Lokacin da kake da cutar MS, jikinka yakan kawo myelin da ƙwayoyin da ke yin myelin. A wasu lokuta, jikinka har ma yakan kai hari ga ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin.

Alamun MS sun bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum. Wani lokaci, bayyanar cututtuka za su zo su tafi.

Doctors sun haɗu da wasu alamun alamun kasancewar sun fi yawa ga mutanen da ke zaune tare da MS. Wadannan sun hada da:

• mafitsara da ciwon hanji
• damuwa
• wahalar tunani, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar da abin ya shafa da matsalolin mai da hankali
• wahalar tafiya, kamar rasa mizani
• jiri
• gajiya
• dushewa ko tsuwar fuska ko jiki
• zafi
• tsokanar tsoka
• matsalolin hangen nesa, gami da hangen nesa da ciwo tare da motsa ido
• rauni, musamman rauni na tsoka

Symptomsananan alamun bayyanar MS sun haɗa da:

• matsalolin numfashi
• ciwon kai
• rashin jin magana
• ƙaiƙayi
• matsaloli haɗiyewa
• kamuwa
• wahalar magana, kamar magana mai rauni
• rawar jiki

Idan kana da ɗayan waɗannan alamun, yi magana da likitanka.

Menene tsari don bincikar MS?

MS ba shine kawai yanayin da ke haifar da lalacewar myelin ba. Akwai wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya likitanku na iya yin la'akari yayin bincika MS wanda zai iya haɗawa da:

• cututtukan autoimmune, kamar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta
• bayyanar da sinadarai masu guba
• Guillain-Barré ciwo
• cututtukan gado
• kwayar cuta
• rashin bitamin B-12

Likitanku zai fara ne ta hanyar neman tarihin lafiyarku da yin nazarin alamunku. Hakanan za su yi gwaje-gwaje waɗanda zasu iya taimaka musu tantance aikin aikin jijiyoyin ku. Binciken ku na ilimin lissafi zai hada da:

• gwada ma'aunin ku
• kallon kuna tafiya
• tantance abubuwan da kuke gani
• gwada hangen nesa

Gwajin jini

Hakanan likitan ku na iya yin odar gwajin jini. Wannan don yin sarauta ne da sauran yanayin kiwon lafiya da ƙarancin bitamin waɗanda zasu iya haifar da alamunku.

Bayyana yiwuwar gwaji

Hanyoyin gwaji (EP) masu yuwuwa sune wadanda ke auna aikin lantarki na kwakwalwa. Idan gwajin ya nuna alamun jinkirin aikin kwakwalwa, wannan na iya nuna MS.

Gwajin EP ya haɗa da sanya wayoyi akan fatar kan wasu takamaiman wurare na kwakwalwarka. Hakanan za'a fallasa ku da haske, sautuna, ko wasu abubuwan jin daɗi yayin da mai bincike ke auna kwakwalwar kwakwalwar ku. Wannan gwajin bashi da ciwo.

Duk da yake akwai ma'aunai daban daban na EP, sigar da aka fi karɓa ita ce ta gani ta EP. Wannan ya kunshi tambayar ka duba allon da ke nuna wani tsarin abin dubawa, yayin da likita ke auna amsar kwakwalwarka.

Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI)

Hoto na maganadisu (MRI) na iya nuna raunuka mara kyau a cikin kwakwalwa ko lakar kashin baya waɗanda ke halayyar ganowar MS. A cikin sikanin MRI, waɗannan raunukan zasu bayyana da fari mai haske ko kuma duhu sosai.

Saboda zaku iya samun rauni akan kwakwalwa saboda wasu dalilai, kamar bayan ciwon bugun jini, dole ne likitanku yayi watsi da waɗannan sabuban kafin yin gwajin cutar MS.

MRI ba ya haɗuwa da bayyanar radiation kuma ba mai raɗaɗi ba. Scan ɗin yana amfani da filin maganaɗisu don auna adadin ruwa a cikin ƙwayar. Yawancin lokaci myelin yana kore ruwa. Idan mutum mai cutar MS ya lalata myelin, ƙarin ruwa zai nuna a cikin hoton.

Lumbar huda (kashin baya)

Wannan hanya ba koyaushe ake amfani dashi don tantance MS. Amma yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin bincike mai yiwuwa. Hutun lumbar ya haɗa da saka allura a cikin mashigar ƙashi don cire ruwa.

Kwararren dakin gwaje-gwaje yana gwada ruwan kashin baya saboda kasancewar wasu kwayoyi wadanda mutane masu cutar MS ke kamuwa da shi. Hakanan za'a iya gwada ruwan don kamuwa da cuta, wanda zai iya taimaka wa likitanku ya fitar da MS.

Ka'idojin bincike

Doctors na iya maimaita gwaje-gwajen bincike don MS sau da yawa kafin su iya tabbatar da cutar. Wannan saboda alamomin MS na iya canzawa. Suna iya bincikar wani tare da MS idan gwajin yana nuna waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu zuwa:

• Alamomi da alamu sun nuna akwai lalacewar myelin a cikin CNS.
• Likita ya gano aƙalla raunuka biyu ko fiye a cikin ɓangarori biyu ko fiye na CNS ta hanyar MRI.
• Akwai shaidu bisa ga gwajin jiki cewa CNS ta shafa.
• Mutum ya taɓa faruwa sau biyu ko fiye na aikin jijiyoyin da ya shafi akalla kwana ɗaya, kuma sun faru wata ɗaya baya. Ko kuma, alamun cutar mutum sun sami ci gaba a tsawon shekara guda.
• Likita ba zai iya samun wani bayani ba game da alamun mutum.

Ka'idojin bincike sun canza tsawon shekaru kuma da alama zasu ci gaba da canzawa yayin da sabuwar fasaha da bincike suka zo.

An buga ƙa'idodin da aka yarda da su kwanan nan a cikin 2017 kamar yadda aka sake sabuntawa International Panel on Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis ya fitar da waɗannan ƙa'idodin.

Ofaya daga cikin sabbin abubuwanda aka kirkira cikin gano MS shine kayan aikin da ake kira tomography coherence coorence tomography (OCT). Wannan kayan aiki yana bawa likita damar samun hotunan jijiyoyin gani na mutum. Jarabawar ba ta da zafi kuma tana kama da ɗaukar hoton idonka.

Doctors sun san cewa mutanen da ke tare da MS suna da jijiyoyin gani waɗanda suka bambanta da mutanen da ba su da cutar. OCT shima yana bawa likita damar bin diddigin lafiyar idanun mutum ta hanyar duba jijiyar gani.

Shin tsarin bincike ya banbanta ga kowane nau'in MS?

Doctors sun gano nau'ikan nau'ikan MS. A cikin 2013, an sake yin kwatancen kwatancen waɗannan nau'ikan bisa ga sabon bincike da kuma fasahar ɗaukar hoto da aka sabunta.

Kodayake ganewar asali na MS yana da ƙa'idodi na farko, ƙayyade nau'in MS ɗin da mutum yake da shi lamari ne na bin alamun cutar MS na mutum akan lokaci. Don tantance nau'in MS ɗin da mutum yake da shi, likitoci suna nema

• Ayyukan MS
• gafartawa
• ci gaba na yanayin

Nau'in MS sun haɗa da:

Sake dawo da MS

An kiyasta cewa kashi 85 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke da cutar ta MS an fara gano su da cutar sake komowar MS, wanda ke da alamun sake komowa. Wannan yana nufin sababbin bayyanar cututtuka na MS sun bayyana kuma ana biye dasu ta hanyar gafarar alamun bayyanar.

Kimanin rabin alamun da ke faruwa yayin sake dawowa sun bar wasu matsaloli na jinkiri, amma waɗannan na iya zama ƙananan kaɗan. A lokacin gafartawa, yanayin mutum ba ya taɓarɓarewa.

MS na ci gaba na farko

MSungiyar MS ta ƙasa ta kiyasta cewa kashi 15 na mutanen da ke da MS suna da MS na ci gaba na farko. Waɗannan da ke da irin wannan suna fuskantar mummunan yanayin bayyanar cututtuka, yawanci tare da sake dawowa da rashi da yawa a farkon ganewar su.

MS na gaba na gaba

Mutanen da ke da wannan nau'in na MS suna da saurin farfaɗowa da gafara, kuma bayyanar cututtuka na daɗa ta'azara tsawon lokaci.

Ciwon rashin lafiya na asibiti (CIS)

Wani likita na iya bincikar mutum da ke fama da cutar rashin lafiya (CIS) idan suna da wani ɓangare na alamun rashin lafiyar da ke haɗuwa da MS wanda ke ɗaukar aƙalla awanni 24. Wadannan alamun sun hada da kumburi da lalacewar myelin.

Samun kashi ɗaya kawai na fuskantar wata alama da ke haɗuwa da MS ba yana nufin mutum zai ci gaba da haɓaka MS ba.

Koyaya, idan sakamakon MRI na mutumin da ke da CIS ya nuna cewa suna iya kasancewa cikin haɗari mafi girma don haɓaka MS, sababbin jagororin suna ba da shawarar fara maganin gyaran-cutar.

Awauki

Dangane da MSungiyar MSungiyar MS ta MSasa, waɗannan jagororin suna da damar rage farawar MS a cikin mutanen da aka gano alamunsu a farkon matakan.