Menene Dwarfism na Farko?
Wadatacce
- Nau'ikan 5 da alamomin su
- Hotuna
- 1. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, rubuta 1 (MOPD 1)
- 2. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, rubuta 2 (MOPD 2)
- 3. Ciwon mara
- 4. Rashin lafiyar Russell-Silver
- 5. Ciwan Meier-Gorlin
- Abubuwan da ke haifar da dwarfism na farko
- Ganewar asali na dwarfism na farko
- Hoto
- Jiyya na dwarfism na farko
- Dubawa don dwarfism na farko
Bayani
Dwarfism na farko shine rukuni mai saurin haɗari wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin girman jiki da sauran abubuwan ci gaban jiki. Alamun halin da farko sun fara fitowa a matakin tayi kuma suna ci gaba ta hanyar yarinta, samartaka, da girma.
Yaran da aka haifa tare da dwarfism na farko suna iya ɗaukar nauyin kilo 2 sai su auna inci 12 kawai.
Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan girma guda biyar. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan na iya haifar da cututtukan cututtuka.
Har ila yau, akwai wasu nau'ikan dwarfism waɗanda ba na farko ba. Wasu daga waɗannan nau'ikan nau'in dwarfism za'a iya magance su tare da haɓakar haɓakar girma. Amma dwarfism na farko ba ya amsa maganin hormone, saboda yana da kwayar halitta.
Yanayin yana da wuya sosai. Masana sun kiyasta cewa ba a samu sama da mutane 100 da suka kamu da cutar a Amurka da Kanada ba. Ya fi faruwa ga yara tare da iyayen da ke da alaƙa da asalinsu.
Nau'ikan 5 da alamomin su
Akwai nau'i biyar na asali na dwarfism na farko. Dukkanin suna da ƙanana da girman jiki waɗanda zasu fara tun farkon haɓakar ɗan tayi.
Hotuna
1. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, rubuta 1 (MOPD 1)
Mutanen da ke tare da MOPD 1 galibi suna da ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta haɓaka ba, wanda ke haifar da kamuwa, ciwan ciki, da rikicewar haɓakar ilimi. Sau da yawa suna mutuwa tun suna ƙuruciya.
Sauran alamun sun hada da:
- gajere
- ƙwanƙwan ƙwanƙwara mai tsayi
- kashin cinya
- rashi ko rashi gashi
- fata bushe da tsufa
MOPD 1 kuma ana kiranta ciwo na Taybi-Linder.
2. Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, rubuta 2 (MOPD 2)
Kodayake ba kasafai ake samun irinta ba, wannan ya fi kowane nau'i na dwarfism na yau da kullun fiye da MOPD 1. Baya ga ƙananan girman jiki, mutanen da ke da MOPD 2 na iya samun wasu abubuwan rashin lafiya, gami da:
- shahararren hanci
- idanuwa masu bul-bul
- ƙananan hakora (microdontia) tare da enamel mara kyau
- murya mai kara
- mai lankwasa kashin baya (scoliosis)
Sauran abubuwan da zasu iya haɓaka tsawon lokaci sun haɗa da:
- launi mara kyau na fata
- hango nesa
- kiba
Wasu mutanen da ke da MOPD 2 suna haɓaka haɓakawar jijiyoyin da ke kaiwa zuwa kwakwalwa. Wannan na iya haifar da zub da jini da shanyewar jiki, har ma da ƙuruciya.
MOPD 2 ya bayyana ya zama sananne a cikin mata.
3. Ciwon mara
Seckel syndrome a da ana kiransa dwarfism mai kaifin tsuntsu saboda abin da aka tsinkayi kamannin tsuntsu na kai.
Kwayar cutar sun hada da:
- gajere
- karamin kai da kwakwalwa
- manyan idanu
- hanci da ke fitowa
- kunkuntar fuska
- receding ƙananan muƙamuƙi
- ja da baya
- nakasa zuciya
Rashin haɓaka ci gaban hankali na iya faruwa, amma ba ta zama gama gari ba kamar yadda za a ɗauka ba da ƙaramar kwakwalwa.
4. Rashin lafiyar Russell-Silver
Wannan shine nau'i na farko na dwarfism na farko wanda wani lokaci yakan amsa magani tare da hormones masu girma. Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan Russell-Silver sun hada da:
- gajere
- siffar kai mai kai uku tare da goshi mai faɗi da goshi da yatsa
- rashin daidaituwa ta jiki, wanda ke raguwa da shekaru
- lankwasa yatsan hannu ko yatsu (a hankali)
- matsalolin hangen nesa
- matsalolin magana, gami da wahalar samarda kalmomi bayyananniya (verbal dyspraxia) da jinkirta magana
Kodayake sun fi na al'ada, mutanen da ke da wannan ciwo sun fi waɗanda suke da nau'ikan MOPD iri 1 da 2 ko kuma Seckel ciwo.
Wannan nau'in dwarfism na farko an kuma san shi azaman dwarfism Silver-Russell.
5. Ciwan Meier-Gorlin
Kwayar cututtukan wannan nau'i na dwarfism na farko sun hada da:
- gajere
- kunnen da bai inganta ba (microtia)
- karamin kai (microcephaly)
- muƙamuƙi mara haɓaka (micrognathia)
- bacewar gwiwa ko ci gaban gwiwa (patella)
Kusan dukkannin cututtukan Meier-Gorlin suna nuna dwarfism, amma ba duka ke nuna ƙaramin kai ba, ƙarancin kumburi, ko gwiwa.
Wani suna don cutar Meier-Gorlin shine kunne, patella, gajeren jiki.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da dwarfism na farko
Duk nau'ikan dwarfism na farko yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin halittu. Bambancin maye gurbi daban-daban yana haifar da yanayi daban-daban wanda ya haifar da dwarfism na farko.
A lokuta da yawa, amma ba duka ba, mutanen da ke da dwarfism na asali suka gaji kwayar halittar maye daga kowane mahaifa. Ana kiran wannan yanayin yanayin komarwar autosomal. Iyaye ba su yawan bayyana cutar kansu.
Koyaya, yawancin al'amuran dwarfism na sabuwa sabbin maye gurbi ne, saboda haka iyayen na iya basu ainihin asalinsu.
Don MOPD 2, maye gurbi yana faruwa a cikin kwayar halittar da ke sarrafa samar da sunadarin pericentrin. Yana da alhakin haifuwa da ci gaban ƙwayoyin jikinku.
Saboda matsala ce a cikin kwayar halittar da ke kula da ci gaban kwayar halitta, kuma ba ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar girma ba, magani tare da haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka ba ta shafar yawancin nau'o'in ƙarancin dwarfism na farko. Babban banda shine cututtukan Russell-Silver.
Ganewar asali na dwarfism na farko
Waruntatawa na farko na iya zama da wahalar tantancewa. Wannan saboda ƙarancin girma da ƙananan nauyin jiki na iya zama alamar wasu abubuwa, kamar rashin abinci mai gina jiki ko rashin lafiyar rayuwa.
Ganewar asali ya samo asali ne daga tarihin iyali, halaye na zahiri, da kuma yin nazari mai kyau game da hasken rana da sauran hotunan. Da yake waɗannan yara ƙanana ne a lokacin haihuwa, galibi ana kwantar da su a asibiti na wani lokaci, kuma hanyar gano asalin cutar za ta fara kenan.
Doctors, kamar likitan yara, likitan neonato, ko masanin kimiyyar halitta, zasu tambaye ku game da matsakaicin tsayin 'yan uwansu, iyaye, da kakanni don taimaka sanin ko gajeren jiki halayyar dangi ne ba cuta ba. Hakanan za su adana bayanai game da tsayi, nauyi, da kewayewar ɗanka don kwatanta waɗannan da sifofin girma na yau da kullun.
Hakanan ana samun gwajin kwayar halitta don taimakawa tabbatar da takamaiman nau'in dwarfism na farko.
Hoto
Wasu halaye na musamman na dwarfism na al'ada wanda aka fi gani akan rayukan X sun hada da:
- jinkirta cikin shekarun kashi kamar shekaru biyu zuwa biyar
- kawai haƙarƙari 11 kawai maimakon 12 da aka saba
- kunkuntar da kwanciya ƙugu
- takaita (jujjuyawar shagon) daga ramin dogayen kasusuwa
Mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya gano alamun dwarfism yayin duban duban dan tayi.
Jiyya na dwarfism na farko
Sai dai don maganin hormone a cikin yanayin rashin lafiyar Russell-Azurfa, yawancin jiyya ba za su kula da gajarta ko ƙananan nauyin jiki ba a cikin dwarfism na farko.
Yin aikin tiyata na iya taimakawa wasu lokuta magance matsalolin da suka danganci haɓakar ƙashi.
Za'a iya gwada wani nau'in tiyata da ake kira kara tsawan hannu. Wannan ya shafi hanyoyin da yawa. Saboda haɗari da damuwa da ke tattare da shi, iyaye sukan jira har sai yaron ya girma kafin su gwada shi.
Dubawa don dwarfism na farko
Tsarin dwarfism na farko na iya zama mai tsanani, amma yana da wuya sosai. Ba duk yara masu wannan halin suke rayuwa har zuwa girma ba. Kulawa akai-akai da ziyarar likita na iya taimakawa wajen gano rikice-rikice da inganta rayuwar ɗanka.
Ci gaban da aka samu a hanyoyin kwantar da jijiyoyi ya yi alƙawarin cewa wata rana za a sami wadatar magunguna don dwarfism na farko.
Yin amfani da lokaci mafi kyau yana iya inganta rayuwar ɗanku da na sauran danginku. Yi la'akari da bincika bayanan likita da albarkatu akan dwarfism da aka bayar ta Peopleananan mutanen Amurka.