Mene ne JAK2 Gene?

Wadatacce

• Bayani
• Kwayar halitta da rashin lafiya
• Aikin JAK2 na al'ada
• JAK2 da cututtukan jini
• JAK2 bincike

Bayani

JAK2 enzyme ya kasance abin bincike na kwanan nan don maganin myelofibrosis (MF). Ofaya daga cikin sabbin magunguna da basuda tabbas ga MF shine magani wanda yake tsayawa ko rage gudu akan yadda JAK2 enzyme yake aiki. Wannan yana taimakawa rage cutar.

Ci gaba da karatu don koyo game da enzyme na JAK2, da kuma yadda ya shafi jigilar JAK2.

Kwayar halitta da rashin lafiya

Don kara fahimtar kwayar JAK2 da enzyme, yana da amfani a samu fahimtar yadda kwayoyin halitta da enzym suke aiki tare a jikinmu.

Kwayar halittarmu ita ce umarni ko zane don jikinmu yayi aiki. Muna da wadannan umarnin a kowane sashin jikin mu. Suna fadawa kwayoyin halittarmu yadda ake yin sunadarai, wadanda suke ci gaba da yin enzymes.

Enzymes da sunadaran suna isar da sakonni zuwa wasu sassan jiki don yin wasu ayyuka, kamar su taimakawa wajen narkewar abinci, inganta ci gaban kwayar halitta, ko kare jikin mu daga kamuwa da cututtuka.

Yayinda kwayoyinmu ke girma da rarraba, kwayoyin halittar mu a cikin kwayoyin zasu iya samun maye gurbi. Kwayar halitta tana mika wannan rikidar ga duk kwayar halittar da ta halitta. Lokacin da kwayar halittar jini ta samu maye gurbi, zai iya sanya zane a cikin wahalar karantawa.

Wani lokaci, maye gurbi na haifar da kuskure wanda ba za a iya karantawa ba cewa tantanin halitta ba zai iya samar da wani furotin ba. Wasu lokuta, maye gurbi yana sa furotin yayi aiki akan lokaci ko kuma ya zama yana kunna koyaushe. Lokacin da maye gurbi ya lalata aikin gina jiki da enzyme, zai iya haifar da cuta a jiki.

Aikin JAK2 na al'ada

Kwayar JAK2 tana ba wa ƙwayoyinmu umarnin yin furotin na JAK2, wanda ke ƙarfafa ci gaban ƙwayoyin. Kwayar JAK2 da enzyme suna da matukar mahimmanci don sarrafa girma da samar da sel.

Suna da mahimmanci musamman don haɓaka da samar da ƙwayoyin jini. JAK2 enzyme yana da wahala a aiki a cikin ƙwayoyin sel a cikin kashinmu. Hakanan an san shi da ƙwayoyin cuta na hematopoietic, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna da alhakin ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙwayoyin jini.

JAK2 da cututtukan jini

Maye gurbi da aka samu a cikin mutane tare da MF yana haifar da enzyme na JAK2 koyaushe ya kunna. Wannan yana nufin cewa enzyme na JAK2 yana aiki koyaushe, wanda ke haifar da samar da kwayoyi da yawa da ake kira megakaryocytes.

Wadannan megakaryocytes suna fadawa sauran kwayoyin halitta su saki collagen. A sakamakon haka, naman tabo ya fara girma a cikin jijiyar ƙashi - alamar gayawar MF.

Maye gurbi a cikin JAK2 shima yana da alaƙa da wasu rikicewar jini. Mafi akasari, maye gurbi yana da alaƙa da yanayin da ake kira polycythemia vera (PV). A cikin PV, maye gurbi na JAK2 yana haifar da haɓakar ƙwayar ƙwayar jini.

Kimanin kashi 10 zuwa 15 na mutanen da ke tare da PV za su ci gaba da haɓaka MF. Masu bincike ba su san abin da ke haifar da wasu mutane tare da maye gurbin JAK2 don haɓaka MF yayin da wasu ke haɓaka PV maimakon haka.

JAK2 bincike

Saboda an sami maye gurbi na JAK2 a cikin fiye da rabin mutanen da ke da MF, kuma sama da kashi 90 na mutanen da ke da PV, ya zama batun batun ayyukan bincike da yawa.

Akwai magani guda ɗaya da aka yarda da FDA, wanda ake kira ruxolitinib (Jakafi), wanda ke aiki tare da enzymes na JAK2. Wannan magani yana aiki azaman mai hana JAK, ma'ana yana jinkirta ayyukan JAK2.

Lokacin da enzyme ke tafiyar hawainiya, ba a kunna enzyme koyaushe. Wannan yana haifar da karancin megakaryocyte da samar da sinadarin collagen, wanda hakan ke haifar da jinkirin samar da kayan tabo a cikin MF.

Magungunan ruxolitinib kuma yana tsara samar da ƙwayoyin jini. Yana yin hakan ta hanyar rage aikin JAK2 a cikin ƙwayoyin cuta na hematopoietic. Wannan ya sa ya zama mai taimako a duka PV da MF.

A halin yanzu, akwai gwaji na asibiti da yawa da ke mai da hankali kan sauran masu hana JAK.Masu binciken suna aiki kan yadda za'a sarrafa wannan kwayar halitta da enzyme don fatan samun ingantaccen magani ko magani ga MF.