Abubuwan Da Ya Kamata Mata Mata Su Sani Game da Shaye-shaye

Wadatacce

• Abin da Stats ke faɗi
• Menene Bayan Tashi
• Alamomin Shaye -shaye
• Bita don

Daga haduwar brunch zuwa ranakun farko zuwa bukukuwan biki, babu shakka cewa barasa na taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwarmu ta zamantakewa. Kuma ko da yake da yawa daga cikinmu sun san fa'idodin kiwon lafiya na shan ƙasa (Ed Sheeran ya rasa fam 50 kawai ta hanyar yanke giya), yawancin mutane ba sa son dakatar da shan fiye da wata ɗaya (duba ku Dry Janairu!).

Amma illar shaye -shaye ta wuce girkin wasu ƙarin fam: Adadin matasa (masu shekaru 25 zuwa 34) da ke mutuwa daga cutar hanta da cirrhosis na ƙaruwa cikin sauri, a cewar sabon binciken da aka buga a BMJ-da kuma cirrhosis na barasa shine babban direba a bayan wannan karuwar mai mutuwa. Wannan yanayin yana tafiya kafada da kafada da yadda shaye-shayen ke karuwa da kuma yadda mata ke karuwa cikin sauri musamman a tsakanin mata matasa.

Idan wannan labari ne a gare ku, muna nan don amsa wasu muhimman tambayoyi, kamar wanene ainihin ke cikin haɗari, menene a bayan canjin, da waɗanne halaye masu alaƙa da barasa ya kamata ku kula da su.

Abin da Stats ke faɗi

Wani bincike na baya-bayan nan da aka buga a JAMA ilimin halin dan Adam ya kalli amfani da barasa a Amurka daga 2001 zuwa 2002 kuma daga 2012 zuwa 2013, kuma ya gano cewa babba ɗaya cikin takwas a Amurka ya cika ƙa'idodin cutar shan barasa, aka sha. Binciken ya dubi mutanen da ke nuna alamun ko dai shan barasa ko kuma dogara da barasa, dukansu suna taimakawa wajen biyan ka'idojin bincike na barasa. (Idan kuna sha'awar abin da ya cancanta a matsayin shan giya ko dogaro, zaku iya samun cikakkun bayanai ta Cibiyoyin Kiwon Lafiya na Ƙasa.)

Wannan abin mamaki ne a kanta, amma ga ainihin abin mamaki: Daga cikin tsofaffi waɗanda shekarunsu ba su kai 30 ba, ɗaya cikin huɗu ya cika ƙa'idodi. Lambar ban mamaki kenan. Ofaya daga cikin ƙungiyoyin da suka ga ƙaruwar amfani a tsakanin 2001 da 2013? Mata. Kuma ba kididdiga ba ce kawai ke ba da wannan labarin. Masu ba da magani suna ganin karuwar marasa lafiyar mata, musamman ma matasa. "Na ga ci gaba da tashi," in ji Charlynn Ruan, Ph.D., masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam na Los Angeles kuma wanda ya kafa Thrive Psychology LA. "Ina aiki galibi tare da mata, kuma amfani da giya babban al'amari ne tare da shekarun kwaleji da abokan cinikina na farko."

Al'adar tana da nisa fiye da kwaleji, kodayake. "Sabon binciken ya yi nuni ga karuwar shan barasa a cikin ƙuruciyar ƙuruciya, daga kusan 25 zuwa 34," in ji Joseph Galati, MD, ƙwararren likitan hepato na Houston wanda ya ƙware wajen kula da marasa lafiya da cutar hanta. "Wasu sun danganta shi da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki shekaru 10 da suka gabata, yayin da wasu na iya nuni ga ingantaccen hangen nesa na tattalin arziki da samun kudin shiga da za a iya kashewa don ciyarwa kan nishaɗi da shan barasa. A cikin aikina, na ga karuwar shaye-shaye a karshen mako." wanda ke haifar da mummunar illa, yawancin matasa ba su fahimci illar da ke tattare da shan barasa ba, da yawan shan barasa, da kuma bambance-bambancen gubar hanta tsakanin maza da mata."

Gaskiya ne: Barasa yana shafar jikin mata daban da na maza, a cewar Cibiyar Nazarin Allura da Barasa. Mata suna yin maye da sauri kuma suna sarrafa giya daban. Bugu da ƙari, shan giya (wanda ke nufin sha takwas ko fiye a mako, bisa ga CDC) na iya haɓaka haɗarin wasu cututtuka, musamman kansar nono da cutar kwakwalwa.

Ko da yake ba duk mutanen da ke shaye-shaye ba ne masu shaye-shaye, bincike ya nuna cewa matan da suka kai shekarun koleji sun fi iya ƙetare ƙa'idodin shaye-shaye fiye da mazan da suka kai koleji. Kuma FYI, da za a ɗauka "mai giya," mutum yana buƙatar cika ƙa'idodin ko dai shan barasa ko dogaro da barasa-ma'ana cewa ko dai suna fuskantar mummunan sakamako na rayuwa saboda sha ko kuma suna son giya akai-akai. Kuma yayin da har yanzu gaskiya ne cewa maza sun fi mata damar zama mashaya (ƙididdiga na yanzu sun nuna cewa kashi 4.5 cikin 100 na maza a Amurka sun cancanci shan barasa yayin da kashi 2.5 kawai na mata ke yi, kodayake duka waɗannan lambobin sun girma tun lokacin da wannan binciken ya kasance. An gudanar da shi), akwai ƙarancin sani game da manyan matsalolin da mata ke fuskanta dangane da shaye -shaye, in ji masana. Patricia O'Gorman, Ph.D., kwararre a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma marubuciya ta ce "A farkon alamar matsala, mata suna bukatar su lura, saboda amfani da kayan mata yana saurin ci gaba da sauri daga amfani da farko zuwa jaraba fiye da maza."

Menene Bayan Tashi

Mafi yawan lokuta, mata suna koyon halayen barasa a kwaleji-ko ma a makarantar sakandare. Hakan ya kasance ga Emily, ’yar shekara 25 da ta yi hankali sa’ad da take ’yar shekara 21. “Na fara shan barasa ba tare da izinin iyayena ba sa’ad da nake ɗan shekara 15,” in ji ta. Ya fara da wuya, sannan ya haɓaka zuwa wani abin da ya fi shaye-shaye da nuna halin rashin kulawa-ta ƙaramin da manyan shekarun sakandare. "Wannan ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru uku har zuwa daidai lokacin da nake cika shekaru 21. Ina daya daga cikin masu shaye-shaye da ba su dauki lokaci ba don barin shi ya shiga cikin jaraba - daga 0 zuwa 90 a cikin ƙasa da minti daya."

Masana sun ce kwarewar Emily ba sabon abu ba ne, kuma wani bangare ne na godiya ga hotunan da matasa ke nunawa. "Muna rayuwa ne a cikin al'ummar da ake tallata barasa sosai a matsayin elixir na zamantakewa don taimaka maka sauƙi cikin sababbin yanayi, shakatawa, da samun lokaci mai kyau," in ji O'Gorman. Tare da hotuna masu yawa na barasa da "amfaninsa," yana da sauƙin fahimtar yadda matasa ke haɓaka ƙungiyoyi masu kyau tare da kaya. Ku kalli shafin bogi na Instagram da aka kirkira don wayar da kan jama'a game da shaye-shaye, wanda ya sami mabiya 68,000 a cikin watanni biyu kacal. Kamfanin dillancin labarai ya haɗa asusun, wanda ya ƙunshi kyakkyawar budurwa mai sanyin jiki tare da barasa mara kyau da aka nuna a cikin kowane matsayi, don abokin cinikin dawo da jarabarsu, kuma cikin sauƙi ya tabbatar da maƙasudin su cewa ba kawai shan barasa ke amfani da matasa ba sau da yawa suna tafiya. ba a gane su ba, amma mutane suna son ganin hotunan kyallen giya.

Dangane da dalilin da yasa mata ke sha fiye da kowane lokaci, masana sun ce akwai abubuwa da yawa a wasa. "Daya ita ce tsammanin al'umma da ka'idojin al'adu sun canza," in ji Jennifer Wider, MD, kwararre kan lafiyar mata. Nazarin kwanan nan a JAMA ilimin halin dan Adam Ya yi nuni da cewa yayin da mata da yawa ke shiga aikin saboda karuwar zabukan sana’o’i da ilimi, yawan shan barasa na iya karuwa kuma.” Duk da yake babu wani tabbataccen bincike kan dalilin da ya sa hakan yake daidai, yana iya yiwuwa saboda dalilai da dama, kamar haka. kamar yadda mata da maza ke fuskantar irin wannan matsi na aiki, ko sha'awar “ci gaba” da shaye-shayen zamantakewa a ofis.

A ƙarshe, akwai gaskiyar cewa matasa musamman mata ba a san su da cewa suna cikin “haɗari” don shaye-shaye ba, wanda zai sa ya yi wuya a gane. Emily ta ce "Ina fata mutane su san cewa shekaru ba shi ne ke da alhakin tantance ko za ku iya zama mashayi ko a'a ba," in ji Emily. "Na gaya wa kaina shekaru da yawa cewa na yi ƙarami don zama mashawarcin giya kuma ina jin dadi kamar kowane dalibin sakandare, yaro koleji, (ka cika gurbin). Daga masu shaye -shaye na yanzu zuwa waɗanda ke murmurewa, yana da mahimmanci a san cewa mutane na kowane jinsi da kuma a cikin kowane rukunin shekaru suna cikin haɗari. "Tsarin tarurrukan matakai 12 da maza masu matsakaicin shekaru ke cika cikawa shine kawai wannan - ra'ayi."

Alamomin Shaye -shaye

Alcoholism ba koyaushe a bayyane yake ba, musamman a cikin mutanen da galibi ke rayuwarsu "tare." Ruan ya ce "Mutum na iya kasancewa cikin nutsuwa a duk sati, sannan ya sha abin da ya wuce kima a karshen mako," in ji Ruan. "A daya gefen bakan, mace na iya yin buzzed kowane dare, amma ba za ta yi binge ba. Babban bambanci shine yadda shan ta ke tasiri ayyukanta, dangantaka, da lafiyarta." Idan ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan wuraren ya sha wahala kuma ƙoƙarin rage sha ba ya aiki, ana iya samun batun da ya kamata a magance.

Katy, 'yar shekara 32 da ta kasance mai hankali har tsawon shekaru huɗu ta ce "Ban sha kowace rana ba." "Kodayaushe ni mai yawan sha ne, zan tafi kwanaki ko makonni ba tare da na yi ba, amma lokacin da na ci abinci, sarrafa adadin da na sha bai taba yiwuwa ba, da zarar na fara sha, ban taba daina shan barasa ba, musamman a yanayin bikin." tana cewa. Wannan a zahiri kyakkyawa ce ta gama gari, a cewar O'Gorman, kuma ga mutane da yawa, yana sa gane batun da wahala. "Addiction yana da alaƙa da tasirin da miyagun ƙwayoyi ke yi akan ku, fiye da sau nawa kuke amfani da shi, kuma wannan yana magana akan ilimin halitta na cin zarafi da jaraba," ta bayyana. "Idan sau ɗaya kawai kuke sha a shekara amma ba za ku iya sarrafa yawan abin da kuke sha ba kuma ba za ku iya tuna abin da kuka yi ba, to kuna da matsala."

Don haka menene yakamata ku yi idan kuna da damuwa game da shan ku? "Yi magana da likitan ku na farko ko likitan kwakwalwa ko mai ba da shawara," in ji Thomas Franklin, MD, darektan likita na The Retreat a Sheppard Pratt. "Sau da yawa kawai 'yan zaman shawarwari za su taimaka sosai. Don ƙarin matsalolin amfani da barasa mai tsanani, akwai matakan kulawa da yawa daga marasa lafiya ta hanyar magani na tsawon lokaci wanda ke da sakamako mai kyau ga waɗanda zasu iya ɗauka da gaske. Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA) taron yana aiki ga mutane da yawa, suma. " Bugu da ƙari, tare da ƙarin mutane a cikin idon jama'a suna buɗewa game da rashin hankalinsu ko gwagwarmayar su don kasancewa cikin nutsuwa (Demi Lovato a tsakanin su) da ƙarin bincike da ake yi kan yaɗuwar shaye -shaye da abin da ke haifar da shi, makomar ta wuce fata.

Bita don