Tarin fuka na huhu
Ciwon tarin fuka (TB) cuta ce ta kwayar cuta mai saurin yaduwa wanda ya shafi huhu. Yana iya yaduwa zuwa wasu gabobin.
Kwayar cutar tarin fuka ce ke haifar da kwayar cuta Mycobacterium tarin fuka (M tarin fuka). Tarin fuka yana yaduwa. Wannan yana nufin kwayoyin na yaduwa cikin sauki daga mai dauke da cutar zuwa wani. Zaka iya kamuwa da tarin fuka ta hanyar shan iska a cikin digon iska daga tari ko atishawa na mai cutar. Sakamakon cutar huhu ana kiransa TB na farko.
Yawancin mutane suna murmurewa daga kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka na farko ba tare da ƙarin shaidar cutar ba. Kamuwa da cutar na iya kasancewa ba aiki (dormant) tsawon shekaru. A cikin wasu mutane, ya sake yin aiki (sake kunnawa).
Mafi yawan mutanen da suka kamu da alamun kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka sun fara kamuwa ne a baya. A wasu lokuta, cutar na fara aiki cikin makonni bayan kamuwa da cutar ta farko.
Mutane masu zuwa suna cikin haɗarin cutar tarin fuka ko sake kunna tarin fuka:
- Manya tsofaffi
- Jarirai
- Mutanen da ke da rauni game da garkuwar jiki, misali saboda HIV / AIDs, chemotherapy, ciwon suga, ko magunguna da ke raunana garkuwar jiki
Rashin haɗarin kamuwa da tarin fuka yana ƙaruwa idan
- Suna kusa da mutanen da suka kamu da tarin fuka
- Rayuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayi ko ƙazantar yanayin rayuwa
- Yi rashin abinci mai gina jiki
Wadannan dalilai na iya kara yawan kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka a cikin jama'a:
- Inara yawan kamuwa da kwayar HIV
- Inara yawan marasa gida (mahalli mara kyau da abinci mai gina jiki)
- Kasancewar nau'ikan tarin fuka masu jure magunguna
Matakin farko na tarin fuka baya haifar da alamomi. Lokacin da alamun tarin fuka na huhu ya bayyana, zasu iya haɗawa da:
- Matsalar numfashi
- Ciwon kirji
- Tari (yawanci tare da gamsai)
- Tari da jini
- Gumi mai yawa, musamman da dare
- Gajiya
- Zazzaɓi
- Rage nauyi
- Hanzari
Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Wannan na iya nuna:
- Yin yatsun kafa ko yatsu (a cikin mutane masu fama da cutar)
- Lymph node ko kumburi a cikin wuya ko wasu yankuna
- Ruwa a kusa da huhu (pleural effusion)
- Sauti na numfashi mara kyau (fasa)
Gwajin da za'a iya yin oda sun hada da:
- Bronchoscopy (gwajin da ke amfani da fa'ida don duba hanyoyin iska)
- Kirjin CT
- Kirjin x-ray
- Interferon-gamma ya saki gwajin jini, kamar gwajin QFT-Gold don gwada kamuwa da tarin fuka (aiki ko kamuwa da cuta a da)
- Binciken sputum da al'adu
- Thoracentesis (hanya don cire ruwa daga sarari tsakanin rufin bayan huhu da bangon kirji)
- Gwajin fata na tarin fuka (wanda kuma ake kira gwajin PPD)
- Biopsy na abin da ya shafa (anyi shi da wuya)
Manufar magani ita ce warkar da cutar da magungunan da ke yaƙar ƙwayoyin cutar tarin fuka. Ana kula da tarin fuka na huhu tare da haɗin magunguna da yawa (yawanci magunguna 4). Mutumin ya sha magungunan har sai an gwada dakin gwaje gwaje ya nuna wadanne magunguna ne suka fi aiki.
Kila iya buƙatar shan kwayoyi daban-daban a lokuta daban-daban na rana tsawon watanni 6 ko fiye. Yana da matukar mahimmanci ku sha kwayoyin kamar yadda mai ba ku umarni.
Lokacin da mutane ba su sha maganin tarin fuka kamar yadda ya kamata ba, cutar na iya zama da wahalar magani. Kwayar tarin fuka na iya zama mai jure magani. Wannan yana nufin magungunan ba sa aiki.
Idan mutum baya shan dukkan magunguna kamar yadda aka umurta, mai bada sabis na iya buƙatar kallon mutumin yana shan magungunan da aka rubuta. Ana kiran wannan tsarin kai tsaye lura far. A wannan yanayin, ana iya ba da magunguna sau 2 ko 3 a mako.
Kila bukatar zama a gida ko shigar da kai asibiti na tsawon makonni 2 zuwa 4 don kaucewa yada cutar ga wasu har sai ka daina cutar.
Doka ta bukaci mai ba da maganinku ya kai rahoton cutar tarin fuka ga sashin lafiya na yankin. Careungiyar ku na kiwon lafiya za ta tabbatar da cewa kun sami kyakkyawar kulawa.
Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta shiga ƙungiyar tallafi. Raba tare da wasu waɗanda ke da gogewa da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku jin ikon sarrafawa.
Kwayar cutar sau da yawa kan inganta cikin makonni 2 zuwa 3 bayan fara magani. X-ray na kirji ba zai nuna wannan ci gaba ba har sai makonni ko watanni daga baya. Outlook yana da kyau sosai idan aka gano TB na huhu da wuri kuma an fara ingantaccen magani da sauri.
Tarin fuka na huhu na iya haifar da lalacewar huhu har abada idan ba a magance ta da wuri ba Hakanan zai iya yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki.
Magungunan da ake amfani da su don magance tarin fuka na iya haifar da illa, gami da:
- Canje-canje a hangen nesa
- Hawaye mai kalar ruwan lemo mai ruwan kasa-kasa da fitsari
- Rash
- Ciwan hanta
Ana iya yin gwajin hangen nesa kafin fara magani don haka mai bayarwa zai iya lura da kowane canje-canje a lafiyar idanunku.
Kira mai ba da sabis idan:
- Kuna tsammani ko kun san kun kamu da cutar tarin fuka
- Kuna ci gaba da alamun tarin fuka
- Kwayar ku ta ci gaba duk da magani
- Sabbin alamun ci gaba
Ana iya yin rigakafin tarin fuka, ko da a cikin waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ga mai cutar. Ana amfani da gwajin fata ga tarin fuka a cikin masu haɗarin haɗari ko a cikin mutanen da wataƙila suka kamu da tarin fuka, kamar ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya.
Mutanen da suka kamu da cutar tarin fuka ya kamata su yi gwajin fata da wuri-wuri kuma su yi gwaji na gaba a wani lokaci na gaba, idan gwajin farko ba shi da kyau.
Kyakkyawan gwajin fata yana nufin kun haɗu da ƙwayoyin tarin fuka. Hakan ba ya nufin cewa kana da tarin fuka ko kuma mai saurin yaduwa. Yi magana da mai baka game da yadda zaka kiyaye kamuwa da tarin fuka.
Gaggauta magani yana da matukar mahimmanci wajen hana yaduwar tarin fuka daga wadanda ke dauke da cutar tarin fuka zuwa wadanda basu taba kamuwa da tarin fuka ba.
Wasu kasashen da ke fama da tarin fuka suna ba wa mutane allurar rigakafin da ake kira BCG don rigakafin tarin fuka. Amma, tasirin wannan rigakafin yana da iyaka kuma ba a amfani dashi a cikin Amurka don rigakafin tarin fuka.
Mutanen da suka sha BCG har yanzu ana iya yin gwajin fata don tarin fuka. Tattauna sakamakon gwajin (idan ya tabbata) tare da mai ba ku sabis.
Tarin fuka; Tarin fuka - na huhu; Mycobacterium - na huhu
- Tarin fuka a cikin koda
- Tarin fuka a cikin huhu
- Da tarin fuka, ci-gaba - kirjin x-haskoki
- Nodule na huhu - gaban gani kirji x-ray
- Pulmonary nodule, kadai - CT scan
- Ciwon tarin fuka
- Tarin fuka na huhu
- Erythema nodosum hade da sarcoidosis
- Tsarin numfashi
- Gwajin fata na tarin fuka
Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Tarin fuka na Mycobacterium. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 249.
Hauk L. tarin fuka: jagorori don ganewar asali daga ATS, IDSA, da CDC. Am Fam Likita. 2018; 97 (1): 56-58. PMID: 29365230 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29365230.
Wallace WAH. Hanyar numfashi. A cikin: Cross SS, ed. Woodarƙashin Ilimin woodasa. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 14.