Ciwon ciwon huhu da jama'a suka samu a cikin manya

Ciwon huhu yanayi ne na numfashi (na numfashi) wanda a ciki akwai kamuwa da cutar huhu.

Wannan labarin ya shafi cututtukan huhu da ke cikin al'umma (CAP). Ana samun wannan nau'in ciwon huhu a cikin mutanen da ba su daɗe da zuwa asibiti ba ko kuma wata cibiyar kula da lafiya kamar gidan kula da tsofaffi ko wuraren sake rayuwa. Ciwon huhu da ke shafar mutane a cibiyoyin kula da lafiya, kamar asibitoci, ana kiranta ciwon huhu da aka samu a asibiti (ko ciwon huhu mai alaƙa da kiwon lafiya).

Ciwon nimoniya cuta ce ta gama gari wacce take shafar miliyoyin mutane kowace shekara a Amurka. Kwayoyin cuta da ake kira kwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da fungi na iya haifar da ciwon huhu. A cikin manya, kwayoyin cuta sune mafi yawan cututtukan huhu.

Hanyoyin da za ku iya kamuwa da cutar nimoniya sun haɗa da:

• Kwayar cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke rayuwa a cikin hancinku, sinus, ko bakinku na iya yaɗuwa zuwa huhunku.
• Kuna iya shayar wasu daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin cuta kai tsaye zuwa huhunku.
• Kuna numfasawa (shaƙar) abinci, ruwa, amai, ko ruwa daga bakin zuwa huhunku (ciwon huhu na mura).

Ciwon huhu na iya kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta da yawa.

• Mafi yawan nau'in kwayoyin cuta shine Streptococcus ciwon huhu (pneumococcus).
• Ciwon cututtukan huhu, wanda ake kira da ciwon huhu, wasu ƙwayoyin cuta ne ke haifar da shi.
• An kira wani naman gwari Pneumocystis jiroveci na iya haifar da cutar huhu a cikin mutanen da garkuwar jikinsu ba ta aiki da kyau, musamman ma mutanen da ke da ƙwayar HIV mai saurin ci gaba.
• Virwayoyin cuta, irin su kwayar cutar mura, da kwanan nan SARS-CoV-2 (wanda ke haifar da COVID-19), sune ma sababin cututtukan huhu.

Abubuwan haɗarin da ke ƙara damar samun ciwon huhu sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon huhu na kullum (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)
• Shan sigari
• Dementia, bugun jini, raunin ƙwaƙwalwa, cututtukan kwakwalwa, ko wasu rikicewar kwakwalwa
• Matsalar tsarin rigakafi (yayin maganin ciwon daji, ko saboda HIV / AIDS, dashen sassan jiki, ko wasu cututtuka)
• Sauran cututtuka masu haɗari, kamar cututtukan zuciya, hanta cirrhosis, ko ciwon sukari
• Tiyata kwanan nan ko rauni
• Yin tiyata don magance kansar bakin, maƙogwaro, ko wuya

Mafi yawan cututtukan cututtukan huhu sune:

• Tari (tare da wasu cututtukan huhu za ku iya yin tari ko ƙanshi mai laushi, ko ma gamsai mai jini)
• Zazzaɓi, wanda na iya zama mai sauƙi ko babba
• Girgiza sanyi
• Breatharancin numfashi (na iya faruwa ne kawai lokacin da kake hawa matakala ko kwazo)

Sauran cututtukan sun hada da:

• Rikicewa, musamman a cikin tsofaffi
• Gumi mai wuce haddi da kuma kunkuntar fata
• Ciwon kai
• Rashin ci, rashin kuzari, da kasala
• Malaise (bata da lafiya)
• Kaifi ko soka ciwon kirji wanda ke ta'azzara yayin da kake numfashi mai zurfi ko tari
• Ciwon ƙusa fari, ko leukonychia

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai saurari fashewa ko sautikan numfashi mara kyau yayin sauraron kirjinku tare da stethoscope. Taɓawa a bangon ƙirjinka (bugun kirji) yana taimaka wa mai ba da sabis don saurara da jin motsin sauti mara kyau a cikin kirjinka.

Idan ana tsammanin ciwon huhu, mai yiwuwa mai bayarwa zai iya yin odar x-ray.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya oda sun hada da:

• Gas na jini na jiji don ganin idan isashshen oxygen yana shiga cikin jininka daga huhu.
• Jini da al'adun sputum don neman ƙwayoyin cuta wanda zai iya haifar da cutar huhu.
• CBC don bincika ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin farin jini.
• CT scan na kirji.
• Bronchoscopy. Ruwa mai sassauƙa tare da kyamara mai haske a ƙarshen ya sauka zuwa huhunku, a cikin zaɓaɓɓun yanayi.
• Thoracentesis. Cire ruwa daga sararin saman ruɓaɓɓen huhu da bangon kirji.
• Nasopharyngeal swab don tantance ƙwayoyin cuta kamar mura da SARS-CoV-2.

Dole ne mai ba da sabis ɗinku ya fara yanke shawara ko kuna buƙatar kasancewa a asibiti. Idan ana kula da ku a asibiti, za ku karɓa:

• Ruwa da kwayoyin cuta ta jijiyoyin ku
• Maganin Oxygen
• Magungunan numfashi (mai yuwuwa)

Idan an gano ku tare da nau'in kwayar cutar nimoniya, yana da mahimmanci a fara muku kan rigakafi jim kaɗan bayan an karɓarku. Idan kana dauke da cutar huhu, ba za ka sami maganin rigakafi ba. Wannan saboda kwayoyin cuta basa kashe ƙwayoyin cuta. Kuna iya karɓar wasu magunguna, irin su antiviral, idan kuna mura.

Zai yiwu a shigar da ku asibiti idan kun:

• Yi wata babbar matsalar likita
• Yi mummunan cututtuka
• Ba za ku iya kula da kanku a gida ba, ko kuma ku kasa ci ko sha
• Sun girmi 65
• Kuna shan maganin rigakafi a gida kuma ba ku da lafiya

Mutane da yawa za a iya bi da su a gida. Idan haka ne, mai ba ku sabis zai iya gaya muku ku sha magunguna kamar maganin rigakafi.

Lokacin shan maganin rigakafi:

• Kada ku rasa kowane nau'i. Theauki magani har sai ya ɓace, koda lokacin da kuka fara jin sauki.
• Kar a sha maganin tari ko na sanyi sai dai idan likitanka ya ce ba laifi. Tari yana taimakawa jikinka wajen kawar da lakar daga huhunka.

Numfashi mai dumi, mai ɗumi (mai ɗumi) yana taimakawa sassauta dusar da take makalewa wanda zai iya sa ka ji kamar ka shaƙa. Waɗannan abubuwa na iya taimakawa:

• Sanya danshi mai danshi mai danshi sakat a hanci da bakinka.
• Cika danshi tare da ruwan dumi ku shaka cikin dusar mai dumi.
• Auki dogon numfashi sau 2 ko 3 a kowace awa. Numfashi mai nauyi zai taimaka ka buɗe huhunka.
• Matsa kirjinka a hankali dan wasu lokuta a rana yayin kwanciya tare da kai kasa da kirjinku. Wannan yana taimakawa fitar da laka daga huhu ta yadda zaka iya fitarda shi.

Sha ruwa mai yawa, muddin mai ba da sabis ɗin ya ce ba laifi.

• Sha ruwa, ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ko rauni shayi
• Sha a kalla kofi 6 zuwa 10 (1.5 zuwa lita 2.5) a rana
• Kar a sha giya

Samu hutu sosai lokacin da kuka koma gida. Idan kana fama da matsalar bacci da daddare, yi bacci da rana.

Tare da magani, yawancin mutane suna haɓaka cikin makonni 2. Tsofaffi ko kuma majiyyata na iya bukatar dogon magani.

Waɗanda za su iya kamuwa da ciwon huhu mai rikitarwa sun haɗa da:

• Manya tsofaffi
• Mutanen da garkuwar jikinsu ba ta aiki da kyau
• Mutanen da ke tare da wasu, manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiya kamar su ciwon sukari ko cututtukan hanta

A duk yanayin da ke sama, ciwon huhu na iya haifar da mutuwa, idan mai tsanani ne.

A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, matsaloli masu tsanani za su iya haɓaka, gami da:

• Canje-canje na barazanar rai a cikin huhun da ke buƙatar injin numfashi
• Ruwa a kusa da huhu (pleural effusion)
• Ruwan da ya kamu da cutar a huhu (empyema)
• Unguntacciyar huhu

Mai ba da sabis naka na iya yin oda wani x-ray. Wannan don tabbatar huhunka ya bayyana. Amma yana iya ɗaukar makonni da yawa kafin x-ray ɗinku ta share. Wataƙila za ku ji daɗi sosai kafin x-ray ta ɓace.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da:

• Tari wanda ke kawo jini ko launi mai laushi
• Alamun numfashi (na numfashi) da suke taɓarɓarewa
• Ciwon kirji wanda yake ta'azzara lokacin da kake tari ko numfashi
• Azumi ko numfashi mai zafi
• Gumi na dare ko asarar nauyi da ba a bayyana ba
• Ofarancin numfashi, rawar sanyi, ko zazzaɓi mai zafi
• Alamomin ciwon huhu da tsarin garkuwar jiki mai rauni (misali, kamar HIV ko chemotherapy)
• Mummunan bayyanar cututtuka bayan ci gaban farko

Zaka iya taimakawa rigakafin cututtukan huhu ta bin matakan da ke ƙasa.

Wanke hannuwanku sau da yawa, musamman:

• Kafin shirya da cin abinci
• Bayan hura hanci
• Bayan shiga bandaki
• Bayan canza zanin jariri
• Bayan saduwa da mutanen da basu da lafiya

Guji haɗuwa da mutanen da basu da lafiya.

Kar a sha taba. Taba sigari na lalata ikon huhunku don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta.

Allurar rigakafi na iya taimakawa wajen hana wasu nau'in huhu. Tabbatar samun waɗannan rigakafin:

• Allurar riga-kafi ta mura za ta iya taimakawa rigakafin cutar nimoniya da ƙwayar mura ta yi.
• Allurar rigakafin cututtukan huhu tana rage damar samun cutar nimoniya daga Streptococcus ciwon huhu.

Alurar riga-kafi ta fi mahimmanci ga tsofaffi da mutanen da ke fama da ciwon sukari, asma, emphysema, HIV, ciwon daji, mutanen da aka dasa musu sassan jiki, ko wasu yanayi na dogon lokaci.

Bronchopneumonia; Ciwon huhu da al’umma ta samu; CAP

• Bronchiolitis - fitarwa
• Mura da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - baligi
• Sanyi da mura - abin da za a tambayi likitanka - yaro
• Yadda ake numfashi lokacin da kake karancin numfashi
• Oxygen lafiya
• Ciwon huhu a cikin manya - fitarwa
• Ciwon huhu a cikin yara - fitarwa
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida
• Yin amfani da oxygen a gida - abin da za a tambayi likitan ku
• Lokacin da jaririn ku ko jaririn ku zazzabi

• Tsarin numfashi
• Namoniya
• Ciwon ƙusa fari

Daly JS, Ellison RT. Ciwon huhu mai tsanani. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 67.

Musher DM. Bayani na ciwon huhu. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi 91.

Wunderunk RG. Sharuɗɗa don gudanar da cututtukan huhu da jama'a suka samu. Clin Kirji Med. 2018; 39 (4): 723-731. PMID: 30390744 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30390744/.