Mitral bawul regurgitation

Mitral regurgitation cuta ce wacce mitral bawul a gefen hagu na zuciya baya rufewa da kyau.

Regurgitation yana nufin yoyo daga bawul din da baya rufe duka.

Mitral regurgitation shine nau'in cuta na bawul na zuciya.

Jinin da ke gudana tsakanin ɗakuna daban-daban na zuciyarku dole ne ya gudana ta cikin bawul. Ana kiran bawul tsakanin ɗakuna 2 a gefen hagu na zuciyar ku mitral valve.

Lokacin da mitral bawul bai rufe duka hanyar ba, jini yana gudana a baya zuwa ɗakin zuciyar sama (atrium) daga ƙananan ɗakin yayin da yake kwangila. Wannan yana rage yawan jinin da yake malala zuwa sauran sassan jiki. A sakamakon haka, zuciya na iya ƙoƙarin yin famfo da ƙarfi. Wannan na iya haifar da ciwan zuciya.

Tsarin mulki na mitral na iya farawa farat ɗaya. Wannan yakan faru ne bayan bugun zuciya. Lokacin da regurgitation bai tafi ba, ya zama na dogon lokaci (na kullum).

Yawancin sauran cututtuka ko matsaloli na iya raunana ko lalata bawul ko ƙwanjin zuciya a kusa da bawul din. Kuna cikin haɗari don sake gyaran bawul na mitral idan kuna da:

• Ciwon zuciya da hawan jini
• Kamuwa da bugun zuciya
• Rushewar bawul na mitral (MVP)
• Areananan yanayi, kamar cututtukan syphilis ko cutar Marfan
• Ciwon zuciya na cututtukan zuciya. Wannan rikitarwa ne na maƙogwaron hanji wanda ba shi da kowa.
• Kumburin ɗakin hagu na ƙananan hagu

Wani mawuyacin haɗarin haɗarin mitral regurgitation shine amfani da kwayar abinci da ake kira "Fen-Phen" (fenfluramine da phentermine) ko dexfenfluramine. Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ce ta cire maganin daga kasuwa a cikin 1997 saboda matsalolin tsaro.

Kwayar cututtuka na iya farawa farat ɗaya idan:

• Ciwon zuciya yana lalata tsokoki a kusa da mitral bawul.
• Igiyar da ke haɗa tsoka zuwa fashewar bawul din.
• Kamuwa da cuta na bawul din yana lalata ɓangaren bawul din.

Sau da yawa babu alamun bayyanar. Lokacin da bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, galibi suna haɓaka a hankali, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Tari
• Gajiya, kasala, da kuma rashin karfin kai
• Saurin numfashi
• Jin motsin bugun zuciya (bugun zuciya) ko bugun zuciya mai sauri
• Ofarancin numfashi wanda ke ƙaruwa tare da aiki da kuma lokacin kwanciya
• Farkawar awa ɗaya ko makamancin haka bayan bacci saboda matsalar numfashi
• Fitsari, wuce kima da dare

Lokacin sauraren zuciyar ka da huhun ka, mai bada kiwon lafiya na iya ganowa:

• Thrarfafawa (rawar jiki) akan zuciya yayin jin yankin kirji
• Arin sautin zuciya (S4 gallop)
• Zuciya mai rarrabewa
• Fashewa a cikin huhu (idan ruwa ya koma cikin huhun)

Jarabawar jiki na iya bayyana:

• Gwanin kafa da kumburi
• Liverara hanta
• Bulging jijiyoyin wuya
• Sauran alamun rashin cin nasara na bangaren dama

Za'a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa don duba tsarin bawul na zuciya da aiki:

• CT scan na zuciya
• Echocardiogram (gwajin duban dan tayi na zuciya) - transthoracic ko transesophageal
• Hanyoyin fuska ta maganadisu (MRI)

Za'a iya yin katsewar zuciya idan aikin zuciya ya zama mafi muni.

Yin jiyya zai dogara ne da waɗancan alamun alamun da kake da su, wane yanayi ne ya haifar da sake gyara mitral valve, yadda zuciya ke aiki, kuma idan zuciya ta faɗaɗa.

Ana iya bai wa mutanen da ke da hawan jini ko raunin zuciya ya sami magunguna don rage damuwa a zuciya da kuma sauƙaƙa alamun.

Drugsila za a iya ba da magungunan ƙwayoyi masu zuwa lokacin da alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ƙananan abubuwa suka kara muni:

• Masu hana Beta, masu hana ACE, ko masu toshe hanyar tashar
• Masu rage jini (magungunan hana yaduwar jini) don taimakawa hana daskarewar jini a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar atrial fibrillation
• Magungunan da ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa zafin zuciya mara kyau
• Magungunan ruwa (diuretics) don cire ruwa mai yawa a cikin huhu

Abincin mai ƙarancin sinadarin sodium na iya zama da taimako. Kuna iya iyakance ayyukan ku idan bayyanar cututtuka ta ɓullo.

Da zarar an gano asalin cutar, ya kamata ku ziyarci mai ba ku sabis akai-akai don bin diddigin alamunku da aikin zuciya.

Kuna iya buƙatar tiyata don gyara ko maye gurbin bawul idan:

• Aikin zuciya bashi da kyau
• Zuciya ta kara girma (fadada)
• Kwayar cutar tana daɗa taɓarɓarewa

Sakamakon ya bambanta. Yawancin lokaci yanayin yana da sauƙi, don haka ba a buƙatar magani ko ƙuntatawa. Kwayar cututtuka sau da yawa ana iya sarrafa su da magani.

Matsalolin da ka iya tasowa sun hada da:

• Heartarfafawar zuciya mara kyau, gami da ɓarkewar ƙwayar cuta da yiwuwar mafi tsanani, ko ma barazanar rai mai haɗari
• Lotsirƙirar ƙira wanda zai iya tafiya zuwa wasu sassan jiki, kamar huhu ko ƙwaƙwalwa
• Kamuwa da bugun zuciya
• Ajiyar zuciya

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan bayyanar cututtuka ta kara muni ko kuma ba ta inganta da magani.

Har ila yau kira mai ba da sabis idan ana ba ku magani don wannan yanayin kuma ku ci gaba da alamun kamuwa da cuta, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

• Jin sanyi
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin rashin lafiyar gaba ɗaya
• Ciwon kai
• Ciwon tsoka

Mutanen da ke da alaƙa ko lalacewar bawul na zuciya suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cuta da ake kira endocarditis. Duk wani abu da zai haifar da kwayoyin cuta su shiga cikin jininku na iya haifar da wannan kamuwa da cutar. Matakai don kauce wa wannan matsala sun hada da:

• Guji allurai marasa tsabta.
• Bi da cututtukan strep da sauri don hana zazzaɓin zazzaɓi.
• Koyaushe gaya wa mai ba da sabis da likitan hakora idan kana da tarihin cututtukan bawul na zuciya ko cututtukan zuciya na haihuwa kafin magani. Wasu mutane na iya buƙatar maganin rigakafi kafin hanyoyin hakori ko tiyata.

Mitral bawul regurgitation; Rashin ƙarancin bawul; Zuciyar mitral regurgitation; Valvular mitral sake gyarawa

• Zuciya - sashi ta tsakiya
• Zuciya - gaban gani
• Tiyata bawul na zuciya - jerin

Carabello BA. Ciwon zuciya na rashin lafiya. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 66.

Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA / ACC ta ƙaddamar da sabuntawa na jagorancin 2014 AHA / ACC don kula da marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya: rahoto na Kwalejin Kwalejin Cardiology ta Amurka / Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka a kan Sharuɗɗan Ayyukan Clinical. Kewaya. 2017; 135 (25): e1159-e1195. PMID: 28298458 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/.

Thomas JD, Bonow RO. Mitral bawul cuta. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 69.