Ciwon Aortic

Aorta ita ce babbar jijiyar dake fitar da jini daga zuciya zuwa ga sauran jiki. Jini yana gudana daga zuciya zuwa cikin aorta ta cikin bawalin aortic. A cikin yanayin motsa jiki, bawul aortic baya budewa sosai. Wannan yana rage gudan jini daga zuciya.

Yayin da bawul aortic ke tahowa, sai bangaren hagu ya yi aiki tukuru don fitar da jini ta cikin bawul din. Don yin wannan ƙarin aikin, tsokoki a cikin ganuwar ventricle sun zama masu kauri. Wannan na iya haifar da ciwon kirji.

Yayin da matsin ya ci gaba da hauhawa, jini na iya dawowa cikin huhu. Tsananin rashin ƙarfi aortic na iya iyakance adadin jini wanda ya isa kwakwalwa da sauran jiki.

Ciwon mara na iya kasancewa daga haihuwa (na haihuwa), amma mafi yawan lokuta yakan taso ne daga baya a rayuwa. Yaran da ke da matsalar rashin ji daɗin jijiyoyin jiki na iya samun wasu sharuɗɗan da aka gabatar daga haihuwa.

Ortwayar tsutsa aortic yawanci yana faruwa ne saboda haɓakar alli da ke taƙaita bawul. Wannan shi ake kira calcific aortic stenosis. Matsalar ta fi shafar tsofaffi.

Girman alli yana faruwa da wuri a cikin mutanen da aka haife su da bazuwar aortic ko kuma bicuspid bawul. A cikin wasu lamura da ba kasafai ake samu ba, gina sinadarin calcium zai iya bunkasa cikin sauri lokacin da mutum ya sami raɗaɗin kirji (kamar na maganin kansa).

Wani dalilin kuma shine zazzabin rheumatic. Wannan yanayin na iya bunkasa bayan ciwon makogwaro ko zazzaɓin jan ƙarfe. Matsalolin bawul ba su ci gaba har tsawon shekaru 5 zuwa 10 ko fiye bayan da zazzabin rheumatic ya auku. Zazzabin Rheumatic yana da wuya a Amurka.

Ciwon mara yana faruwa a kusan 2% na mutanen da shekarunsu suka wuce 65. Yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin maza fiye da na mata.

Yawancin mutane da ke fama da cutar rashin saurin ciwan jiki ba sa samun bayyanar cututtuka har sai cutar ta ci gaba. Sanarwar na iya kasancewa lokacin da mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya ya ji ƙarar zuciya da yin gwaje-gwaje.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun haɗa da:

• Rashin jin daɗi na kirji: Ciwan kirji na iya ƙara muni da aiki kuma ya isa cikin hannu, wuya, ko muƙamuƙi. Kirjin kuma na iya jin ya matse ko matse shi.
• Tari, mai yiwuwa na jini.
• Matsalar numfashi yayin motsa jiki.
• Kasancewa cikin gajiya cikin sauki.
• Jin bugun zuciya (bugun zuciya).
• Sumewa, rauni, ko jiri tare da aiki.

A cikin jarirai da yara, alamun sun hada da:

• Kasancewa cikin gajiya cikin gajiya (a yanayi mai sauki)
• Rashin yin kiba
• Rashin ciyarwa
• Mahimmancin matsalolin numfashi waɗanda ke haɓaka cikin kwanaki ko makonnin haihuwa (a cikin yanayi mai tsanani)

Yaran da ke da rauni aortic stenosis na iya zama mafi muni yayin da suka tsufa. Hakanan suna cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya da ake kira endocarditis na kwayan cuta.

Gunaguni na zuciya, danna, ko wani sauti mara kyau kusan ana jinsa ta hanyar stethoscope. Mai ba da sabis ɗin na iya iya jin motsi ko motsi yayin ɗora hannu a kan zuciya. Zai yiwu a sami rauni na bugun jini ko canje-canje a cikin ingancin bugun jini a cikin wuya.

Ruwan jini na iya zama ƙasa.

Aortic stenosis galibi ana gano shi sannan kuma a biyo shi ta amfani da gwajin da ake kira transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE).

Hakanan za'a iya yin gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa:

• ECG
• Motsa jiki gwajin gwaji
• Haguwar ƙwayar zuciya
• MRI na zuciya
• Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

Binciken yau da kullun daga mai ba da sabis na iya zama abin da ake buƙata idan alamunku ba su da tsanani. Ya kamata mai ba da sabis ya tambaya game da tarihin lafiyar ku, yayi gwajin jiki, kuma yayi echocardiogram.

Ana iya gaya wa mutanen da ke fama da matsanancin ciwo aio kada su yi wasanni na gasa, koda kuwa ba su da alamun bayyanar. Idan bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, dole ne a iyakance aiki mai wahala sau da yawa.

Ana amfani da magunguna don magance alamomin gazawar zuciya ko kuma bugun zuciya na al'ada (mafi yawanci atr fibrillation). Waɗannan sun haɗa da masu yin diuretics (kwayoyi na ruwa), da nitrates, da kuma masu toshe beta. Shima ya kamata a kula da hawan jini. Idan cututtukan aortic suna da ƙarfi, dole ne a yi wannan magani a hankali don haka karfin jini bai sauka da nisa ba.

A baya, yawancin mutane masu matsalar bawul na zuciya an basu maganin rigakafi kafin aikin hakori ko hanya irin su colonoscopy. An ba da maganin rigakafin ne don hana kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. Duk da haka, ana amfani da maganin rigakafi sosai sau da yawa sosai kafin aikin hakori da sauran hanyoyin. Duba tare da mai kula da lafiyar ku don gano ko kuna buƙatar maganin rigakafi.

Mutanen da ke da wannan da sauran larurar zuciya ya kamata su daina shan sigari kuma a gwada su da yawan cholesterol.

Yin aikin tiyata don gyara ko sauya bawul galibi ana yin shi ne ga manya ko yara waɗanda suka ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka. Ko da kuwa bayyanar cututtuka ba ta da kyau sosai, likita na iya ba da shawarar tiyata bisa ga sakamakon gwaji.

Aaramar hanyar cin zafin da ake kira balloon valvuloplasty za a iya yi maimakon ko kafin tiyata.

• Ana sanya balan-balan a cikin jijiyar jini, a zare wa zuciya, a ajiye ta bawul din, sai a kumbura. Koyaya, raguwa yakan sake faruwa bayan wannan aikin.
• Wani sabon tsari da aka yi a lokaci guda tare da valvuloplasty na iya dasa bawul na wucin gadi (maye gurbin bawul aortic ko TAVR). Ana yin wannan aikin sau da yawa ga marasa lafiya waɗanda ba za su iya yin tiyata ba, amma yana zama gama gari.

Wasu yara na iya buƙatar gyaran bawul aortic ko sauyawa. Yaran da ke da rauni aortic stenosis na iya iya shiga cikin yawancin ayyukan.

Sakamakon ya bambanta. Rashin lafiyar na iya zama mai sauƙi kuma ba ya haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Bayan lokaci, bawul din aortic zai iya zama ya zama ya kankance. Wannan na iya haifar da matsalolin zuciya mai tsanani kamar:

• Atrial fibrillation da kuma atrial flutter
• Jinin jini zuwa kwakwalwa (bugun jini), hanji, kodoji, ko wasu yankuna
• Sanarwa da maganganu (syncope)
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Hawan jini a jijiyoyin huhu (hauhawar jini)

Sakamakon sauya bawul aortic galibi yana da kyau. Don samun magani mafi kyau, je cibiyar da ke yin irin wannan tiyata a kai a kai.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan ku ko yaron ku na da alamun rashin ƙarfi na rashin ƙarfi aortic stenosis.

Har ila yau tuntuɓi likitanka nan da nan idan an gano ku tare da wannan yanayin kuma alamunku suna daɗa tsanantawa ko sababbin alamun ci gaba.

Stenosis na Aortic bawul; Rheumatic aortic rashin ƙarfi; Calcific aortic rashin ƙarfi; Zuciyar aortic stenosis; Valvular aortic rashin ƙarfi; Zuciyar ciki - tsagewar jijiyoyin jiki; Rheumatic zazzabi - aortic stenosis

• Ciwon Aortic
• Bawul na zuciya

Carabello BA. Ciwon zuciya na rashin lafiya. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 66.

Hermann HC, Mack MJ. Magungunan transcatheter don cututtukan zuciya. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann, DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: sura 72.

Lindman BR, Bonow RO, Otto CM. Ciwon bawul aortic. A cikin: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Braunwald na Ciwon Zuciya: Littafin rubutu na Magungunan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 68.

Nishimura RA, Otto CM, Bonow RO, et al. 2017 AHA / ACC ta ƙaddamar da sabuntawa na jagorancin 2014 AHA / ACC don kula da marasa lafiya tare da cututtukan zuciya na zuciya: rahoto na Kwalejin Kwalejin Cardiology ta Amurka / Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Heartungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka a kan Sharuɗɗan Ayyukan Clinical. Kewaya. 2017; 135 (25): e1159-e1195. PMID: 28298458 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28298458/.