Rickets

Rickets cuta ce ta rashin rashin bitamin D, alli, ko phosphate. Yana haifar da laushi da rauni ga kasusuwa.

Vitamin D na taimakawa jiki wajen sarrafa sinadarin calcium da phosphate. Idan matakan jinin wadannan ma'adanai suka yi kasa sosai, jiki na iya samar da kwayoyin halittar da ke haifar da alli da fosfat daga kasusuwa. Wannan yana haifar da kasusuwa masu rauni da taushi.

Ana karɓar Vitamin D daga abinci ko kuma fata na samarwa yayin fallasa shi zuwa hasken rana. Rashin samar da bitamin D ta fata na iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da suka:

• Rayuwa a cikin yanayi ba tare da samun haske zuwa hasken rana ba
• Dole ne ya kasance a cikin gida
• Yi aiki a cikin gida yayin lokutan hasken rana

Kila ba za ku sami isasshen bitamin D daga abincinku ba idan:

• Shin mara haƙuri ne (suna da matsala game da narkewar kayan madara)
• KADA KA sha kayan madara
• Bi tsarin cin ganyayyaki

Yaran da aka shayar da nono kawai na iya haɓaka rashi bitamin D. Ruwan nono na ɗan adam baya samar da adadin bitamin D. Wannan na iya zama matsala ta musamman ga yara masu fata mai duhu a watannin hunturu. Wannan saboda akwai matakan ƙananan hasken rana a cikin waɗannan watannin.

Rashin samun isasshen alli da kuma sinadarin phosphorous a cikin abincin ku na iya haifar da ciwon rickets. Rickets da ake samu sakamakon rashin waɗannan ma'adanai a cikin abinci yana da wuya a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba. Ana samun alli da phosphorous a cikin madara da koren kayan lambu.

Kwayar halittarku na iya ƙara haɗarin rickets ɗinku. Rickets na gado wani nau'i ne na cutar da ake yadawa ta wurin iyalai. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da kodan basu iya rike sinadarin phosphate. Rickets na iya haifar da rashin lafiyar koda wanda ya haɗa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.

Rikicin da ke rage narkewar abinci ko shayar da mai zai sa ya zama da wuya a shawo kan bitamin D cikin jiki.

Wani lokaci, rickets na iya faruwa a cikin yara waɗanda ke da cuta na hanta. Wadannan yara ba za su iya canza bitamin D zuwa yanayin aikin sa ba.

Ba a cika samun rike da riket a Amurka ba. Zai fi dacewa ya faru ga yara yayin lokacin girma cikin sauri. Wannan shine lokacin da jiki ke buƙatar babban ƙwayoyin calcium da phosphate. Ana iya ganin rickets a cikin yara masu shekaru 6 zuwa 24. Baƙon abu ne a cikin jarirai jarirai.

Kwayar cutar rickets sun hada da:

• Ciwo na ƙashi ko taushi a cikin makamai, ƙafafu, ƙashin ƙugu, da kashin baya
• Rage sautin tsoka (asarar ƙarfin tsoka) da rauni da ke taɓarɓarewa
• Nakasassun hakori, gami da jinkirta samuwar hakori, lahani a tsarin hakori, ramuka a cikin enamel, da kuma karin kogwanni (caries caries)
• Rashin ci gaba
• Ractara raunin kashi
• Ciwon tsoka
• Girman jiki (manya ƙasa da ƙafa 5 ko tsayi mita 1.52)
• Lalacewar kwarangwal kamar kwanya mai kama da taushi, hanji, kumburi a hakarkarin (rochary rosary), kashin nono wanda aka tura gaba (kirjin tattabaru), nakasar kwankwaso, da nakasar kashin baya (kashin baya da yake lankwasawa mara kyau, gami da scoliosis ko kyphosis)

Gwajin jiki yana nuna taushi ko ciwo a cikin ƙasusuwa, amma ba cikin haɗin gwiwa ko tsokoki ba.

Gwaje-gwaje masu zuwa na iya taimakawa wajen gano cutar rickets

• Gas na jini
• Gwajin jini (alli mai magani)
• Kashi biopsy (da wuya ake yi)
• -Arfin x-ray
• Maganin alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
• Sinadarin phosphorus

Sauran gwaje-gwaje da hanyoyin sun haɗa da masu zuwa:

• ALP isoenzyme
• Alli (ionized)
• Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• Fitsarin cikin fitsari

Manufofin magani shine don taimakawa bayyanar cututtuka da kuma gyara dalilin yanayin. Dole ne a magance abin domin hana cutar dawowa.

Maye gurbin alli, phosphorus, ko bitamin D wanda ya rasa zai kawar da mafi yawan alamun rickets. Hanyoyin abinci na bitamin D sun hada da hanta kifi da madara da aka sarrafa.

Bayar da haske ga matsakaicin adadin hasken rana. Idan rickets ta haifar da matsala ta rayuwa, ana iya buƙatar takardar sayan magani don karin bitamin D.

Matsayi ko takalmin gyaran kafa ana iya amfani dashi don rage ko hana nakasawa. Wasu nakasar nakasassu na iya buƙatar tiyata don gyara su.

Ana iya gyara matsalar ta maye gurbin bitamin D da ma'adanai. Darajojin dakin gwaje-gwaje da haskoki kan inganta gaba ɗaya bayan kimanin mako 1. Wasu lokuta na iya buƙatar adadin allurai da bitamin D.

Idan ba a gyara rickets ba yayin da yaro ke girma, nakasassun kasusuwa da gajere na iya zama dindindin. Idan aka gyara shi yayin da yaro yake, nakasar kasusuwa yakan inganta ko ɓacewa tare da lokaci.

Matsalolin da ka iya faruwa sune:

• Ciwon jijiyoyi na dogon lokaci (na kullum)
• Lalacewar kwarangwal
• Rushewar kwarangwal, na iya faruwa ba tare da dalili ba

Kira mai ba da kula da lafiyar yaron idan ka lura da alamun rickets.

Kuna iya hana ƙwayar cuta ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa yaronku ya sami isasshen alli, phosphorus, da bitamin D a cikin abincin su. Yaran da ke da narkewar abinci ko wasu matsaloli na iya buƙatar ɗaukar abubuwan haɗin da mai ba da yaron ya tsara.

Ya kamata a magance cututtukan koda (renal) waɗanda na iya haifar da ƙarancin bitamin D nan da nan. Idan kana da cututtukan koda, saka idanu akan alli da phosphorus a kai a kai.

Bayar da shawara kan kwayar halitta na iya taimaka wa mutanen da ke da tarihin iyali na raunin gado wanda zai iya haifar da rickets.

Osteomalacia a cikin yara; Rashin Vitamin D; Rickets na katako; Rickets mai zafi

• X-ray

Bhan A, Rao AD, Bhadada SK, Rao SD. Rickets da osteomalacia. A cikin Melmed S, Auchus RJ, Goldfine AB, Koenig RJ, Rosen CJ, eds. Littafin Williams na Endocrinology. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 31.

Demay MB, Krane SM. Rashin rikicewar ma'adinai. A cikin: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, de Kretser DM, et al, eds. Endocrinology: Manya da Yara. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: babi na 71.

Greenbaum LA. Rashin bitamin D (rickets) da ƙari. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 64.

Weinstein RS. Osteomalacia da rickets. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 231.