Hypoparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism cuta ce wacce glandon parathyroid a wuyansa baya samar da isasshen kwayar parathyroid (PTH).

Akwai ƙananan ƙwayoyin parathyroid guda 4 a cikin wuya, kusa da ko haɗe a gefen bayan glandar thyroid.

Kwayoyin parathyroid suna taimakawa sarrafa alli da cirewa ta jiki. Suna yin wannan ta hanyar samar da kwayar parathyroid (PTH). PTH yana taimakawa sarrafa alli, phosphorus, da bitamin D a cikin jini da ƙashi.

Hypoparathyroidism yana faruwa lokacin da gland ke samar da PTH kadan. Matsayin alli na jini ya fadi, kuma matakin phosphorus ya tashi.

Mafi yawan abin da ke haifar da hypoparathyroidism shine rauni ga gabobin parathyroid yayin aikin tayir ko aikin tiyata. Hakanan za'a iya haifar dashi ta ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Kai hari kan cututtukan parathyroid (gama gari)
• Lowananan matakin magnesium a cikin jini (sake juyawa)
• Rediyon iodine na rediyoakad don hyperthyroidism (mai matukar wuya)

Cutar DiGeorge cuta ce da hypoparathyroidism ke faruwa saboda duka glandon parathyroid sun ɓace yayin haihuwa. Wannan cutar ta hada da sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya banda hypoparathyroidism. Yawancin lokaci ana gano shi lokacin ƙuruciya.

Hypoparathyroidism na iyali yana faruwa tare da wasu cututtukan endocrin kamar ƙarancin adrenal a cikin wani ciwo da ake kira nau'in I polyglandular autoimmune syndrome (PGA I).

Farkon cutar tana saurin zama sannu a hankali kuma alamomin na iya zama marasa ƙarfi. Mutane da yawa da aka gano da hypoparathyroidism suna da alamomi na shekaru kafin a gano su. Kwayar cututtukan na iya zama da sauƙi cewa ganewar asali ana yin shi ne bayan gwajin jini wanda ya nuna ƙarancin alli.

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Kunna lebe, yatsu, da yatsu (na kowa)
• Ciwan jijiyoyi (mafi yawan kowa)
• Magungunan tsoka da ake kira tetany (na iya shafar maƙogwaro, haifar da matsalar numfashi)
• Ciwon ciki
• Bugun zuciya mara kyau
• Nailsusoshin ƙusa
• Ciwon ido
• Adadin Calcium a cikin wasu kayan kyallen takarda
• Rage hankali
• Gashi mai bushewa
• Dry, fatar fata
• Jin zafi a fuska, ƙafafu, da ƙafa
• Haila mai zafi
• Kamawa
• Hakoran da basa girma akan lokaci, ko kaɗan
• Amarfafa haƙori na haƙori (a cikin yara)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki kuma ya yi tambaya game da alamun.

Gwajin da za a yi sun hada da:

• PTH gwajin jini
• Gwajin jinin kalsiyamu
• Magnesium
• Gwajin fitsari awa 24

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya oda sun hada da:

• ECG don bincika wata ƙwayar zuciya mara kyau
• CT scan don bincika ƙwayoyin calcium a cikin kwakwalwa

Manufar magani ita ce rage alamun cuta da dawo da alli da ma'aunin ma'adinai a jiki.

Jiyya ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin calcium carbonate da ƙarin bitamin D. Wadannan yawanci dole ne a ɗauka don rayuwa. Matakan jini ana auna su a kai a kai don tabbatar da cewa adadin ya yi daidai. Ana ba da shawarar cin abinci mai-yawan alli, maras ƙarfi na phosphorous.

Allurar PTH na iya bada shawarar wasu mutane. Likitanku na iya gaya muku idan wannan maganin ya dace muku.

Mutanen da ke da barazanar barazanar rai na ƙananan matakan calcium ko ƙwanƙwasa ƙwayar tsoka ana ba su alli ta jijiya (IV). Ana yin taka tsantsan don hana kamuwa ko maƙogwaron makogwaro. Ana kula da zuciya don amo mara kyau har sai mutum ya daidaita. Lokacin da aka shawo kan harin da ke barazanar rai, ana ci gaba da ba da magani ta hanyar shan baki.

Da alama sakamakon zai zama mai kyau idan aka gano asalin cutar da wuri. Amma canje-canje a cikin hakora, cataracts, da ƙididdigar kwakwalwa ba za a iya juyawa ga yara waɗanda ba su gano hypoparathyroidism yayin ci gaba.

Hypoparathyroidism a cikin yara na iya haifar da mummunan ci gaba, hakora mara kyau, da jinkirin haɓakar hankali.

Kulawa da yawa tare da bitamin D da alli na iya haifar da alli mai jini (hypercalcemia) ko babban fitsarin fitsari (hypercalciuria). Magungunan da ya wuce kima na iya tsoma baki a wasu lokuta, ko ma haifar da gazawar koda.

Hypoparathyroidism yana kara haɗarin:

• Addison cuta (kawai idan dalilin shine autoimmune)
• Ciwon ido
• Cutar Parkinson
• Anemia mai raɗaɗi (kawai idan musababbin ba shi da illa)

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun ci gaba da kowane alamun hypoparathyroidism.

Kamawa ko matsalolin numfashi na gaggawa ne. Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na gaggawa kai tsaye.

Ciwon hypocalcemia mai alaƙa da Parathyroid

• Endocrine gland
• Parathyroid gland

Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, et al. Epidemiology da ganewar asali na hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101 (6): 2284-2299. PMID: 26943720 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26943720/.

Reid LM, Kamani D, Randolph GW. Gudanar da cututtukan parathyroid. A cikin: Flint PW, Francis HW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngolog: Ciwon kai da wuya. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 123.

Thakker RV. Kwayoyin parathyroid, hypercalcemia da hypocalcemia. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 232.