Scleroderma

Scleroderma cuta ce da ke tattare da tara kyallen takarda a cikin fata da sauran wurare a cikin jiki. Hakanan yana lalata ƙwayoyin da ke layin bangon ƙananan jijiyoyin jini.

Scleroderma wani nau'in cuta ne na autoimmune. A wannan yanayin, tsarin garkuwar jiki bisa kuskure yakan kai hari tare da lalata lafiyayyen jikin.

Ba a san dalilin sankarau ba. Ofarin wani abu da ake kira collagen a cikin fata da sauran gabobi yana haifar da alamun cutar.

Cutar ta fi addabar mutane masu shekaru 30 zuwa 50. Mata suna samun matsalar scleroderma fiye da maza. Wasu mutanen da ke da cutar scleroderma suna da tarihin kasancewa cikin ƙurar silica da polyvinyl chloride, amma yawancinsu ba su da shi.

Cutar scleroderma mai yaduwa na iya faruwa tare da wasu cututtukan autoimmune, gami da tsarin lupus erythematosus da polymyositis. Wadannan shari'o'in ana kiran su azaman cututtukan nama wanda ba a rarrabe shi ba ko ciwo mai rikitarwa.

Wasu nau'ikan scleroderma suna shafar fata kawai, yayin da wasu ke shafar duka jiki.

• Scleroderma na gida, (wanda ake kira morphea) - Sau da yawa yakan shafi fata kawai a kan kirji, ciki, ko ɓangaren jiki amma ba yawanci a hannu da fuska ba. Morphea yana haɓaka sannu a hankali, kuma ba safai yake yaduwa a cikin jiki ba ko kuma yana haifar da matsaloli masu haɗari kamar lalacewar gabobin ciki.
• Tsarin scleroderma, ko sclerosis - Zai iya shafar manyan yankuna na fata da gabobi kamar zuciya, huhu, ko koda. Akwai manyan nau'ikan guda biyu, iyakantaccen cuta (CREST syndrome) da yaduwar cuta.

Alamomin fata na scleroderma na iya haɗawa da:

• Yatsun yatsu ko yatsun kafa wadanda suke juya shuɗi ko fari saboda yanayin sanyi (faruwar Raynaud)
• Tianƙara da matsewar fatar yatsun hannu, hannaye, gaban hannu, da fuska
• Rashin gashi
• Fata wacce ta fi duhu duhu ko haske
• Whiteananan farin kumburin alli a ƙasan fata wanda wani lokacin ke fitar da farin abu wanda yayi kama da haƙori
• Ciwo (ulcers) a yatsan yatsun hannu ko yatsun kafa
• Fata mai kama da fuska kamar fuska
• Telangiectasias, waxanda suke kanana, yalwata hanyoyin jini da ke bayyane a saman fuska a fuska ko a gefen farcen farce

Kashi da alamun tsoka na iya haɗawa da:

• Hadin gwiwa, kauri, da kumburi, wanda ke haifar da asarar motsi. Hannuna galibi suna da hannu saboda fibrosis a kusa da nama da jijiyoyi.
• Jin jiki da ciwo a ƙafa.

Matsalar numfashi na iya haifar da rauni daga huhu kuma zai iya haɗawa da:

• Dry tari
• Rashin numfashi
• Hanzari
• Riskarin haɗarin cutar kansa ta huhu

Matsalar narkewar abinci na iya haɗawa da:

• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Cushewar ciki ko ƙwannafi
• Kumburin ciki bayan cin abinci
• Maƙarƙashiya
• Gudawa
• Matsalolin sarrafa kujeru

Matsalar zuciya na iya haɗawa da:

• Bugun zuciya mara kyau
• Ruwa a kusa da zuciya
• Fibrosis a cikin jijiyar zuciya, rage aikin zuciya

Koda da matsalolin genitourinary na iya haɗawa da:

• Ci gaban gazawar koda
• Cutar rashin daidaituwa a cikin maza
• Bushewar farji a cikin mata

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi cikakken gwajin jiki. Jarabawar na iya nuna:

• M, fata mai kauri akan yatsu, fuska ko wani wuri.
• Fata a gefen farcen yatsan hannu na iya dubawa tare da gilashin kara girman haske don rashin daidaiton ƙananan hanyoyin jini.
• Huhun huhu, zuciya da ciki za a bincika rashin daidaito.

Za a duba karfin jininka. Scleroderma na iya haifar da ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a cikin kodar don su zama su zama matsatattu. Matsaloli tare da kodarka na iya haifar da hawan jini da rage aikin kodar.

Gwajin jini da fitsari na iya haɗawa da:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) panel
• Gwajin cutar anti scleroderma
• ESR (ƙimar kuɗi)
• Rheumatoid factor
• Kammala lissafin jini
• Panelungiyar rayuwa, ciki har da creatinine
• Gwajin tsoka na zuciya
• Fitsari

Sauran gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na huhu
• Lantarki (ECG)
• Echocardiogram
• Gwaje-gwaje don ganin yadda huhunka da sashin hanji (GI) ke aiki
• Gwajin fata

Babu takamaiman magani don scleroderma. Mai ba ku sabis zai kimanta girman cuta a cikin fata, huhu, kodan, zuciya, da kuma hanyoyin hanji.

Mutanen da ke da yaduwar cututtukan fata (maimakon iyakantaccen shigar fata) na iya zama masu saukin kamuwa da cutar gabobin ciki. Wannan nau'i na cutar an rarraba shi azaman yaduwar cututtukan cututtukan fata (dcSSc). Jikin jiki (na tsari) ana amfani dashi mafi yawa don wannan rukuni na marasa lafiya.

Za a rubuta muku magunguna da sauran magunguna don kula da alamunku da kuma hana rikice-rikice.

Magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance ci gaban scleroderma sun haɗa da:

• Corticosteroids kamar prednisone. Koyaya, allurai sama da 10 MG a kowace rana ba a ba da shawarar saboda ƙananan allurai na iya haifar da cutar koda da cutar hawan jini.
• Magungunan da ke murƙushe garkuwar jiki kamar mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine ko methotrexate.
• Hydroxychloroquine don magance cututtukan zuciya.

Wasu mutane da ke fama da cutar scleroderma cikin hanzari na iya zama 'yan takara don dashen kwayar halitta ta jini (HSCT). Irin wannan maganin yana buƙatar yin shi a cibiyoyi na musamman.

Sauran jiyya don takamaiman bayyanar cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Jiyya don inganta sabon abu na Raynaud.
• Magunguna don ƙwannafi ko matsalolin haɗiye, kamar omeprazole.
• Magungunan hawan jini, kamar masu hana ACE, don hawan jini ko matsalolin koda.
• Haske mai sauƙi don taimakawa kaurin fata.
• Magunguna don inganta aikin huhu, kamar bosentan da sildenafil.

Jiyya sau da yawa ya haɗa da magungunan jiki kuma.

Wasu mutane na iya fa'ida daga halartar ƙungiyar tallafi don mutanen da ke fama da cutar sikeli.

A cikin wasu mutane, bayyanar cututtuka suna ci gaba da sauri cikin fewan shekarun farko kuma suna ci gaba da zama mummunan. Koyaya, a cikin mafi yawan mutane, cutar na yin taɓarɓarewa sannu a hankali.

Mutanen da ke da alamun fata kawai suna da kyakkyawan hangen nesa. Yadadden scleroderma na iya haifar da.

• Ajiyar zuciya
• Raunin huhu, wanda ake kira huhu na huhu
• Hawan jini a huhu (hauhawar jini)
• Rashin koda (matsalar cutar sankara)
• Matsalolin shanye abinci daga abinci
• Ciwon daji

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun inganta sabon abu na Raynaud, ƙaruwar ci gaban fata, ko matsala haɗiye shi.

Ci gaban tsarin sikila; Tsarin sikila; Iyakantaccen scleroderma; CUTAR CREST; Gida scleroderma; Morphea - mikakke; Raynaud's sabon abu - scleroderma

• Raynaud's sabon abu
• CUTAR CREST
• Tsakar gida
• Telangiectasia

Herrick AL, Pan X, Peytrignet S, et al. Sakamakon jiyya a farkon yaduwar cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan cututtukan jiki: Nazarin Kula da Lafiya na Scleroderma na Turai (ESOS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76 (7): 1207-1218. PMID: 28188239 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28188239/.

Poole JL, Dodge C. Scleroderma: farfadowa. A cikin: Skirven TM, Osterman AL, Fedroczyk JM, Amadio PC, Feldscher SB, Shin EK, eds. Gyara Hannun hannu da Girma. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 92.

Sullivan KM, Goldmuntz EA, Keyes-Elstein L, et al. Myeloablative autologous kara-cell dasawa don tsananin scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378 (1): 35-47. PMID: 29298160 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29298160/.

Varga J. Etiology da pathogenesis na tsarin sclerosis. A cikin: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, Koretzky GA, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, eds. Firestein da Kelly's Littafin rubutu na Rheumatology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi 88.

Varga J. Tsarin sclerosis (scleroderma). A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 251.