Tsarin lupus erythematosus

Tsarin lupus erythematosus (SLE) cuta ce ta autoimmune. A cikin wannan cutar, tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi kuskuren kai hari ga lafiyayyen nama. Zai iya shafar fata, gidajen abinci, koda, kwakwalwa, da sauran gabobi.

Dalilin SLE ba a san a sarari ba. Ana iya danganta shi da abubuwan masu zuwa:

• Kwayar halitta
• Muhalli
• Hormonal
• Wasu magunguna

SLE ya fi zama ruwan dare a cikin mata fiye da maza kusan 10 zuwa 1. Zai iya faruwa a kowane zamani. Koyaya, yana bayyana galibi ga youngan mata tsakanin ofan shekaru 15 zuwa 44. A Amurka, cutar ta fi faruwa ga inan Afirka Baƙi, Asiya Amurkan, Baƙin Afirka, da Amurkawan Hispanic.

Kwayar cutar ta bambanta daga mutum zuwa mutum, kuma tana iya zuwa ta tafi. Duk wanda ke da SLE yana da ciwon haɗin gwiwa da kumburi a wani lokaci. Wasu suna kamuwa da cututtukan zuciya. SLE yakan shafar mahaɗan yatsu, hannaye, wuyan hannu, da gwiwoyi.

Sauran cututtuka na kowa sun haɗa da:

• Ciwon kirji lokacin shan numfashi.
• Gajiya.
• Zazzabi ba tare da wani dalili ba.
• Jin daɗin jiki gaba ɗaya, rashin jin daɗi, ko jin ciwo (rashin lafiyar jiki).
• Rashin gashi.
• Rage nauyi.
• Ciwon baki.
• Jin nauyi zuwa hasken rana.
• Fuskar fata - Fuskar "malam" a cikin rabin mutane da SLE. Ana ganin mafi yawan kumburi a saman kunci da gadar hanci. Zai iya zama ko'ina. Yana yin muni a cikin hasken rana.
• Magungunan kumbura kumbura.

Sauran cututtuka da alamomi sun dogara da wane ɓangare na jiki yake shafar:

• Brain da tsarin juyayi - Ciwon kai, rauni, rashin nutsuwa, ƙwanƙwasawa, kamuwa, matsalolin gani, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da canjin hali
• Hanyar narkewar abinci - Ciwon ciki, jiri, da amai
• Zuciya - Matsalolin bawul, kumburin tsoka ko rufin zuciya (pericardium)
• Huhu - Ruwan ruwa a cikin sararin samaniya, wahalar numfashi, tari ga jini
• Skin - Ciwon a baki
• Koda - Kumburi a kafafu
• Yanke-zagaye - Yin sanyin jiki a jijiyoyi ko jijiyoyin jiki, kumburin jijiyoyin jini, matsewar jijiyoyin jini sakamakon martani ga sanyi (Raynaud sabon abu)
• Rashin daidaiton jini ciki har da ƙarancin jini, ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar jini ko ƙarancin platelet

Wasu mutane suna da alamun fata kawai. Wannan shi ake kira discoid lupus.

Don kamuwa da cutar lupus, dole ne a sami 4 cikin 11 na alamomin cutar na yau da kullun. Kusan dukkan mutanen da ke fama da cutar lupus suna da tabbataccen gwaji game da kwayar cutar antinuclear (ANA). Koyaya, samun tabbataccen ANA shi kaɗai baya nufin kuna da cutar lupus.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi cikakken gwajin jiki. Kuna iya samun kurji, amosanin gabbai, ko ɓaɓɓuwa a idon sawun. Zai yiwu a sami wani sauti mara kyau wanda ake kira shafawar gogewar zuciya ko shafawar gogewar ciki. Hakanan mai ba da sabis ɗinku zai yi gwajin tsarin juyayi.

Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tantance SLE na iya haɗawa da:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
• CBC tare da bambanci
• Kirjin x-ray
• Maganin creatinine
• Fitsari

Hakanan zaka iya samun wasu gwaje-gwaje don ƙarin koyo game da yanayinka. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan sune:

• Antinuclear antibody (ANA) panel
• Componentsarin abubuwan haɗin (C3 da C4)
• Antibodies zuwa DNA mai lankwasa biyu
• Coombs gwajin - kai tsaye
• Cryoglobulins
• ESR da CRP
• Gwajin aikin koda
• Hoto gwajin jini
• Rheumatoid factor
• Antiphospholipid antibodies da lupus anticoagulant gwajin
• Koda biopsy
• Gwajin hoto na zuciya, kwakwalwa, huhu, haɗin gwiwa, tsokoki ko hanji

Babu maganin SLE. Manufar magani ita ce sarrafa alamun. M alamun cututtuka waɗanda suka shafi zuciya, huhu, koda, da sauran gabobi galibi suna buƙatar magani daga ƙwararru. Kowane mutum mai SLE yana buƙatar kimantawa game da:

• Yaya cutar take
• Wanne ɓangare na jiki ya shafa
• Wani irin magani ake bukata

Za'a iya magance nau'ikan cututtukan cutar tare da:

• NSAIDs don alamun haɗin gwiwa da haɓaka. Yi magana da mai baka kafin shan waɗannan magunguna.
• Doananan allurai na corticosteroids, kamar prednisone, don alamomin fata da amosanin gabbai.
• Man shafawa na 'Corticosteroid creams' na fatar fata.
• Hydroxychloroquine, magani kuma ana amfani dashi don magance malaria.
• Ana iya amfani da methotrexate don rage ƙwayar corticosteroids
  
• Belimumab, maganin ilimin halittu, na iya zama taimako ga wasu mutane.

Jiyya don tsananin SLE na iya haɗawa da:

• Corticosteroids mai girma.
• Magungunan rigakafi (waɗannan magunguna suna hana tsarin rigakafi). Ana amfani da waɗannan magunguna idan kuna da ciwon lupus mai tsanani wanda ke shafar tsarin mai juyayi, koda ko wasu gabobin. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dasu idan baku sami lafiya tare da corticosteroids ba, ko kuma idan alamunku sun kara tsananta lokacin da kuka daina shan corticosteroids.
• Magunguna da akafi amfani dasu sun hada da mycophenolate, azathioprine da cyclophosphamide. Saboda gubarsa, cyclophosphamide yana iyakance ga gajeren hanya na watanni 3 zuwa 6. Ana amfani da Rituximab (Rituxan) a wasu lokuta kuma.
• Masu rage jini, kamar warfarin (Coumadin), don cututtukan daskarewa kamar cututtukan antiphospholipid.

Idan kana da SLE, yana da mahimmanci:

• Sanya tufafi masu kariya, tabarau, da kuma hasken rana yayin rana.
• Samu kulawa ta zuciya.
• Kasance tare da sabbin rigakafin.
• Yi gwaji don tabatar da siririn kasusuwa (osteoporosis).
• Guji taba da shan giya kadan kaɗan.

Groupsungiyoyin ba da shawara da tallafi na iya taimakawa game da batutuwan motsin rai da ke tattare da cutar.

Sakamakon mutane tare da SLE ya inganta a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Mutane da yawa tare da SLE suna da alamun rashin lafiya. Yaya za ku yi ya dogara da yadda cutar ta kasance mai tsanani. Yawancin mutane masu cutar SLE zasu buƙaci magunguna na dogon lokaci. Kusan duka za su buƙaci hydroxychloroquine mara iyaka. Koyaya, a cikin Amurka, SLE na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan 20 da ke haifar da mace mace tsakanin shekaru 5 zuwa 64. Ana nazarin sababbin magunguna da yawa don inganta sakamakon mata da SLE.

Cutar na neman zama mai aiki sosai:

• A lokacin shekarun farko bayan ganewar asali
• A cikin mutanen da shekarunsu ba su kai 40 ba

Mata da yawa masu cutar SLE na iya yin ciki kuma su haihu lafiya. Kyakkyawan sakamako ya fi dacewa ga matan da ke karɓar magani mai kyau kuma ba su da wata babbar matsala ta zuciya ko koda. Koyaya, kasancewar wasu kwayoyi na SLE ko antiphospholipid suna kawo haɗarin ɓarin ciki.

LUPUS NEPHRITIS

Wasu mutanen da ke da cutar SLE suna da mahimmancin ajiyar garkuwar jiki a cikin ƙwayoyin koda. Wannan yana haifar da yanayin da ake kira lupus nephritis. Mutane masu wannan matsalar na iya haifar da gazawar koda. Suna iya buƙatar wankin koda ko dashen koda.

Ana yin kodar kodin don gano iyawar lalacewar koda da kuma taimakawa wajen jagorantar jiyya. Idan aikin nephritis ya kasance, ana amfani da magani tare da magungunan rigakafi ciki har da ƙwayoyin corticosteroids tare da ko dai cyclophosphamide ko mycophenolate.

SAURAN SASSAFIN JIKIN

SLE na iya haifar da lalacewa a sassa daban-daban na jiki, gami da:

• Jinin jini a jijiyoyin jijiyoyin kafa, huhu, kwakwalwa, ko hanji
• Rushewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini ko ƙarancin jini na dogon lokaci (na yau da kullun) cuta
• Ruwa a kusa da zuciya (pericarditis), ko kumburin zuciya (myocarditis ko endocarditis)
• Ruwa mai gudana a kusa da huhu da lalata ƙwayoyin huhu
• Matsalar ciki, gami da zubar ciki
• Buguwa
• Lalacewar hanji tare da ciwon ciki da toshewa
• Kumburi a cikin hanji
• Countididdigar ƙarancin jini ƙwarai da gaske (ana buƙatar platelet don dakatar da duk wani zubar jini)
• Kumburin jijiyoyin jini

SLE DA CIKI

Dukansu SLE da wasu magungunan da ake amfani da su don SLE na iya cutar da yaron da ba a haifa ba. Yi magana da mai baka kafin kayi ciki. Idan kun kasance ciki, sami mai ba da sabis wanda ƙwarewa da lupus da ciki.

Kirawo mai ba ku sabis idan kuna da alamun SLE. Har ila yau kira idan kuna da wannan cutar kuma alamunku suna daɗa tsanantawa ko kuma wata sabuwar alama ta bayyana.

Lupus erythematosus da aka watsa; SLE; Lupus; Lupus erythematosus; Butterfly rash - SLE; Discoid lupus

• Tsarin lupus erythematosus
• Lupus, discoid - ra'ayi na raunuka akan kirji
• Lupus - discoid a fuskar yaro
• Tsarin lupus erythematosus rash akan fuska
• Antibodies

Arntfield RT, Hicks CM. Tsarin lupus erythematosus da maganin vasculitides. A cikin: Walls RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Magungunan gaggawa na Rosen: Ka'idoji da Aikin Gwajin Asibiti. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi 108.

Crow MK. Etiology da pathogenesis na tsarin lupus erythematosus. A cikin: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, eds. Littafin Kelley da Firestein na Rheumatology. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 79.

Fanouriakis A, Kostopoulou M, Alunno A, et al. Sabuntawa na 2019 na shawarwarin EULAR don gudanar da tsarin lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019; 78 (6): 736-745. PMID: 30926722 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30926722/.

Hahn BH, McMahon MA, Wilkinson A, et al. Kwalejin Kwalejin Rheumatology ta Amurka don bincikowa, magani, da kuma kula da lupus nephritis. Ciwon Magungunan Arthritis (Hoboken). 2012; 64 (6): 797-808. PMID: 22556106 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22556106/.

van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, da sauransu. Kulawa-da-manufa a cikin tsarin lupus erythematosus: shawarwari daga ƙungiyar aiki ta duniya. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014; 73 (6): 958-967. PMID: 24739325 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24739325/.

Yen EY, Singh RR. Rahoton taƙaitacce: lupus - babban dalilin da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin mata mata: nazarin yawan jama'a ta amfani da takaddun shaidar mutuwa a duk ƙasar, 2000-2015. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018; 70 (8): 1251-1255. PMID: 29671279 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29671279/.