Reflux nephropathy

Reflux nephropathy wani yanayi ne wanda koda yake lalacewa ta dalilin fitsarin da baya zuwa cikin koda.

Fitsari yana gudana daga kowace koda ta bututun da ake kira ureters kuma zuwa cikin mafitsara. Idan mafitsara ta cika, sai ta matse ta kuma fitar da fitsarin ta cikin fitsarin. Babu fitsarin da zai sake komawa cikin fitsari lokacin da mafitsara ke matsewa. Kowace ureter tana da bawul na hanya guda inda yake shiga cikin mafitsara wanda ke hana fitsari ya dawo da fitsarin.

Amma a cikin wasu mutane, fitsari na gudana har zuwa koda. Wannan ana kiran sa vesicoureteral reflux.

Bayan lokaci, kodan na iya yin lahani ko tabon wannan reflux din. Wannan ana kiransa reflux nephropathy.

Reflux na iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da fitsarin ba ya haɗuwa da mafitsara ko kuma bawul ɗinsu ba ya aiki da kyau. Yara ana iya haifuwa da wannan matsalar ko kuma suna iya samun wasu lahani na haihuwa na tsarin urinary wanda ke haifar da reflux nephropathy.

Refphx nephropathy na iya faruwa tare da wasu yanayin da ke haifar da toshewar kwararar fitsari, gami da:

• Toshewar mafitsara, kamar ƙara girman prostate a cikin maza
• Duwatsu masu mafitsara
• Neurogenic mafitsara, wanda zai iya faruwa a cikin mutanen da ke fama da cutar sclerosis, raunin jijiya, ciwon sukari, ko wasu yanayin juyayi (yanayin jijiyoyin jiki)

Nephropathy na Reflux na iya faruwa daga kumburin fitsarin bayan dasawar koda ko kuma daga rauni zuwa mafitsara.

Abubuwan haɗari ga reflux nephropathy sun haɗa da:

• Abubuwa marasa kyau na hanyoyin fitsari
• Tarihin mutum ko na iyali na vesicoureteral reflux
• Maimaita cututtukan urinary

Wasu mutane ba su da alamun rashin kuzari na nephropathy. Ana iya samun matsalar lokacin da aka yi gwajin koda saboda wasu dalilai.

Idan bayyanar cututtuka ta faru, suna iya zama kama da na:

• Rashin ciwon koda
• Ciwon Nephrotic
• Hanyar kamuwa da fitsari

Reflux nephropathy galibi ana samun sa ne yayin da aka bincika yaro don ƙarin cututtukan mafitsara. Idan an gano reflux na vesicoureteral, ana kuma iya bincika ‘yan’uwan yaron, saboda reflux na iya gudana a cikin iyalai.

Hawan jini na iya zama mai tsayi, kuma akwai alamun da kuma alamun cutar koda na dogon lokaci (na kullum).

Za ayi gwajin jini da na fitsari, kuma suna iya hadawa da:

• BUN - jini
• Creatinine - jini
• Bayanin halitta - fitsari da jini
• Fitsari ko fitsari awa 24
• Al'adar fitsari

Gwajin hotunan da za a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• CT scan na ciki
• Mafitsara duban dan tayi
• Pyelogram na jijiyoyin jini (IVP)
• Koda duban dan tayi
• Radionuclide cystogram
• Sake fasalin pyelogram
• Cystourethrogram mai ɓoye

Vesicoureteral reflux ya rabu zuwa maki daban daban biyar. Sauƙi ko sauƙin narkewa sau da yawa yakan faɗo cikin darasi na I ko II. Tsananin reflux da kuma yawan lalacewar koda na taimakawa wajen tantance magani.

Za a iya magance sauki, rikitarwa mai saurin rikitarwa (wanda ake kira reflux na farko) tare da:

• Kwayoyin rigakafi da ake sha kowace rana don hana kamuwa da cutar yoyon fitsari
• Kulawa da kyau kan aikin koda
• Maimaita al'adun fitsari
• Shekaru na duban dan tayi

Kula da hawan jini ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci don rage lalacewar koda. Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya rubuta magunguna don kula da hawan jini. Ana amfani da masu hana magungunan enzyme (ACE) na Angiotensin da kuma masu toshewa da karɓar baƙar fata (ARBs).

Yin aikin tiyata yawanci ana amfani dashi ne kawai a cikin yara waɗanda basu amsa maganin likita ba.

More tsanani vesicoureteral reflux iya bukatar tiyata, musamman a yara suke ba su karɓa wa likita far. Yin aikin tiyata don sanya fitsari a cikin mafitsara (sake saka katako) na iya dakatar da sanyin jiki a wasu yanayi.

Refarfin baya mai tsanani na iya buƙatar sake tiyata. Irin wannan tiyatar na iya rage adadi da tsananin cututtukan fitsari.

Idan ana buƙata, za a yi wa mutane magani don cutar koda mai tsanani.

Sakamakon ya bambanta, ya danganta da tsananin ƙarfin reflux. Wasu mutanen da ke da cutar nephropathy ba za su rasa aikin koda a kan lokaci ba, kodayake kodar tasu ta lalace. Koyaya, lalacewar koda na iya zama dindindin. Idan koda daya ce ke dauke da cutar, dayan kuma ya kamata ya cigaba da aiki yadda ya kamata.

Reflux nephropathy na iya haifar da gazawar koda ga yara da manya.

Matsalolin da zasu iya haifar da wannan yanayin ko maganin sa sun hada da:

• Toshewar fitsarin bayan tiyata
• Ciwon koda na kullum
• Na kullum ko maimaita cututtukan urinary
• Rashin koda na koda idan duka kodoji suna da hannu (na iya ci gaba zuwa ƙarshen cutar koda)
• Ciwon koda
• Hawan jini
• Ciwon Nephrotic
• Rashin ƙarfi akai-akai
• Tsoron koda

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan kun:

• Shin bayyanar cututtuka na reflux nephropathy
• Samun wasu sababbin alamun
• Suna fitar da fitsari kasa da al'ada

Saurin magance yanayin da ke haifar da fitsarin fitsari a cikin koda na iya hana reflux nephropathy.

Na kullum atrophic pyelonephritis; Harshen veesicoureteric; Ciwon zuciya - reflux; Maɓuɓɓugar fitsari

• Mace fitsarin mata
• Maganin fitsarin namiji
• Cystourethrogram mai ɓoye
• Vesicoureteral gyaran kafa

Bakkaloglu SA, Schaefer F. Cututtukan koda da fitsari a cikin yara. A cikin: Skorecki K, Chertow GM, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Yu ASL, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 10 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 74.

Mathews R, Mattoo TK. Primico vesicoureteral reflux da reflux nephropathy. A cikin: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. M Clinical Nephrology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 61.