Shafar jini

Shafin jini gwajin jini ne wanda ke ba da bayani game da lamba da fasalin ƙwayoyin jini. Ana yin shi galibi a matsayin wani ɓangare na ko tare da cikakken ƙidayar jini (CBC).

Ana bukatar samfurin jini.

Ana aika samfurin jini zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. A can, ƙwararren masanin binciken lab ɗin yana kallon ta a ƙarƙashin madubin hangen nesa. Ko kuma, ana iya bincika jinin ta inji ta atomatik.

Smear tana ba da wannan bayanin:

• Adadi da nau'ikan fararen ƙwayoyin jini (daban, ko kashi na kowane irin ƙwaya)
• Adadi da nau'ikan ƙwayoyin jini marasa tsari
• Kimanin kimantawa game da fararen ƙwayoyin jini da platelet suna ƙidaya

Babu wani shiri na musamman da ya zama dole.

Lokacin da aka saka allurar don zana jini, wasu mutane suna jin matsakaicin ciwo. Wasu kuma suna jin ƙyalli ko harba. Bayan haka, ƙila za a sami wasu harbi ko ɗan rauni. Wannan da sannu zai tafi.

Ana iya yin wannan gwajin a zaman wani ɓangare na gwajin lafiyar gaba ɗaya don taimakawa wajen gano cututtuka da yawa. Ko kuma, mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya bayar da shawarar wannan gwajin idan kuna da alamun:

• Duk wata cuta da aka sani ko ake zargi
• Ciwon daji
• Ciwon sankarar jini

Hakanan za a iya shafa jini don lura da illolin da ke tattare da cutar sankara ko don a gano cutar, kamar zazzabin cizon sauro.

Jajayen jini (RBCs) galibi suna da girma iri ɗaya kuma launi ne kuma launi mai haske ne a tsakiya. Consideredaukar jinin yana da kyau idan ana da:

• Bayyanar kwayoyin halitta
• Al'adar farin jinin al'ada

Jeri na darajar yau da kullun na iya ɗan bambanta kaɗan tsakanin ɗakunan gwaje-gwaje daban-daban. Wasu leburori suna amfani da ma'auni daban daban ko gwada samfuran daban. Yi magana da mai baka game da ma'anar takamaiman sakamakon gwajin ka.

Sakamako mara kyau yana nufin girman, sifa, launi, ko suturar RBC ba al'ada bane.

Wasu abubuwan rashin daidaito na iya auna su a sikelin maki 4:

• 1 + yana nufin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na ƙwayoyin cuta sun kamu
• 2+ yana nufin rabin rabi na ƙwayoyin cuta suna shafar
• 3+ yana nufin kashi uku cikin huɗu na ƙwayoyin cuta sun kamu
• 4 + yana nufin duk ƙwayoyin sun shafi

Kasancewar ƙwayoyin halitta da ake kira ƙwayoyin ƙira na iya zama saboda:

• Dearancin enzyme wanda ake kira lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
• Hemoglobin mara kyau, furotin a cikin RBCs wanda ke ɗaukar oxygen (haemoglobinopathies)
• Rashin ƙarfe
• Ciwon Hanta
• Cire baƙin ciki

Kasancewar kwayoyin sifa mai siffa na iya zama saboda:

• Numberananan RBCs saboda jiki yana lalata su (rigakafin cutar hemolytic anemia)
• Numberarancin RBCs saboda wasu RBCs masu kamannin duniyoyi (spherocytosis na gado)
• Breakara lalacewar RBCs

Kasancewar RBCs tare da sifa mai kyau na iya zama alama ce ta tsinkayen elliptocytosis ko ovalocytosis na gado. Waɗannan su ne yanayin da RBCs ke da sifa iri-iri.

Samuwar sassan kwayoyin halitta na iya zama saboda:

• Wucin zuciya na wucin gadi
• Cutar da sunadaran da ke kula da daskarewar jini suka zama masu aiki sosai (yaduwar kwayar cutar cikin jini)
• Kamuwa da cuta a cikin tsarin narkewar abinci wanda ke haifar da abubuwa masu guba waɗanda ke lalata RBC, haifar da rauni na koda (cututtukan uremic uremic syndrome)
• Rashin jini wanda ke haifar da daskarewar jini ya zama a cikin ƙananan jijiyoyin jini a jiki kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin platelet (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Samuwar wani nau'ikan RBC mara girma da ake kira normoblasts na iya zama saboda:

• Ciwon daji wanda ya bazu zuwa ƙashi
• Rikicin jini da ake kira erythroblastosis fetalis wanda ke shafar ɗan tayi ko jariri
• Cutar tarin fuka wacce ta yadu daga huhu zuwa wasu sassan jiki ta jini (tarin fuka miliary)
• Rashin lafiya na ɓangar kashin da ake maye gurbin da bargon da tabon nama (myelofibrosis)
• Cire baƙin ciki
• Raunin RBC mai tsanani (hemolysis)
• Cutar da ke tattare da yaduwar haemoglobin (thalassaemia)

Kasancewar ƙwayoyin da ake kira ƙwayoyin burr na iya nuna:

• Matsakaicin matakin ƙarancin kayan sharar nitrogen a cikin jini (uremia)

Kasancewar ƙwayoyin da ake kira spur cells na iya nunawa:

• Rashin iya cinye kitsen abinci ta hanji (abetalipoproteinemia)
• Ciwon hanta mai tsanani

Kasancewar ƙwayoyin halittar hawaye suna iya nunawa:

• Myelofibrosis
• Rashin ƙarfe mai tsanani
• Thalassaemia babba
• Ciwon daji a cikin kashin kashi
• Karancin jini da sanadin kashin kashin baya samar da kwayoyin jinin al'ada saboda gubobi ko kwayoyin cuta (tsarin myelophthisic)

Kasancewar jikin Howell-Jolly (nau'in granule) na iya nuna:

• Kashin kashin baya samar da wadatattun kwayoyin jini (myelodysplasia)
• An cire saifa
• Cutar Sikila

Kasancewar jikin Heinz (raunin haemoglobin da aka canza) na iya nuna:

• Alpha thalassaemia
• Ciwon mara hauka na haihuwa
• Rikicin da RBC ke rushewa lokacin da jikin ya bayyana ga wasu magunguna ko kuma ya damu saboda kamuwa da cuta (raunin G6PD)
• Hanyar haemoglobin mara ƙarfi

Kasancewar RBC ɗin da ba su balaga ba na iya nuna:

• Karancin jini tare da farfadowar kashi
• Anaemia mai raunin jini
• Zubar da jini

Kasancewa tsinkayyar basophilic (tabo bayyananne) na iya nuna:

• Gubar gubar
• Rashin lafiya na ɓangar kashin da ake maye gurbin da bargon da tabon nama (myelofibrosis)

Kasancewar ƙwayoyin sikila na iya nuna cutar sikila.

Akwai ƙananan haɗari da ke tattare da ɗaukar jininka. Jijiyoyi da jijiyoyin jini sun bambanta cikin girma daga mai haƙuri zuwa wani kuma daga gefe ɗaya na jiki zuwa wancan. Samun samfurin jini daga wasu mutane na iya zama mai wahala fiye da na wasu.

Sauran haɗarin da ke tattare da ɗaukar jinni ba su da yawa, amma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zub da jini mai yawa
• Sumewa ko jin an sassauta kai
• Mahara huda don gano wuri jijiyoyinmu
• Hematoma (haɓakar jini a ƙarƙashin fata)
• Kamuwa (ƙananan haɗari kowane lokaci fata ta karye)

Shafar gefe; Cikakken ƙidayar jini - na gefe; CBC - na gefe

• Jajayen jini, sikila
• Jini jajayen jini, fasalin zubar hawaye
• Kwayoyin jini ja - na al'ada
• Kwayoyin jinin jini - elliptocytosis
• Kwayoyin jini - spherocytosis
• M lymphocytic cutar sankarar bargo - photomicrograph
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - ƙwayoyin sikila da yawa
• Zazzabin cizon sauro, kallon microscopic na cututtukan salula
• Malaria, photomicrograph na cututtukan salula
• Kwayoyin jini ja - ƙwayoyin sikila
• Kwayoyin jinin ja - sikila da Pappenheimer
• Jini jajayen, masu niyya
• Abubuwan da aka kafa na jini

Bain BJ. A jini gefe shafa. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 148.

Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Rikicin jini. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 124.

MD Merguerian, Gallagher PG. Elliptocytosis na gado, pyropoikilocytosis na gado, da cututtukan da suka shafi hakan. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 486.

Natelson EA, Chughtai-Harvey I, Rabbi S. Hematology. A cikin: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Littafin karatun Magungunan Iyali. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 39.

Warner EA, Herold AH. Fassara gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje. A cikin: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, eds. Littafin karatun Magungunan Iyali. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 14.