Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis wani nau'in cuta ne na koda wanda sashin kodarka wanda ke taimakawa wajen tace shara da ruwa daga jini ya lalace.

Ana kiran sashin tacewar koda glomerulus. Kowace koda tana da dubban glomeruli. A glomeruli taimaka jiki rabu da mu cutarwa abubuwa.

Glomerulonephritis na iya haifar da matsaloli tare da garkuwar jiki. Sau da yawa, ba a san ainihin dalilin wannan yanayin ba.

Lalacewa ga glomeruli yana sa jini da furotin su rasa cikin fitsari.

Yanayin na iya bunkasa da sauri, kuma aikin koda ya ɓace cikin makonni ko watanni. Wannan ana kiran sa hanzarin glomerulonephritis mai saurin ci gaba.

Wasu mutanen da ke fama da cutar glomerulonephritis ba su da tarihin cutar koda.

Mai zuwa na iya ƙara haɗarin ku ga wannan yanayin:

• Jinin ko cuta tsarin cuta
• Bayyanar da sinadarin hydrocarbon
• Tarihin ciwon daji
• Cututtuka kamar su cututtukan fuka, ƙwayoyin cuta, cututtukan zuciya, ko ɓarna

Yanayi da yawa suna haifar ko ƙara haɗarin cutar glomerulonephritis, gami da:

• Amyloidosis (cuta wanda furotin da ake kira amyloid ya haɓaka a cikin gabobi da kyallen takarda)
• Rikicin da ke shafar membrane na ƙasa, ɓangaren kodar da ke taimakawa wajen tace tarkace da ƙarin ruwa daga jini
• Cututtukan magudanar jini, kamar su vasculitis ko polyarteritis
• Yankin yanki na glomerulosclerosis (tabon glomeruli)
• Anti-glomerular ginshiki membrane cuta (cuta a cikin abin da na rigakafi da tsarin kai hari ga glomeruli)
• Ciwon nephropathy ciwo (cututtukan koda saboda yawan amfani da masu sauƙin ciwo, musamman NSAIDs)
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura (cutar da ta shafi ɗigon ruwan hoda a kan fata, ciwon haɗin gwiwa, matsalolin hanji da kuma glomerulonephritis)
• IgA nephropathy (cuta wanda kwayoyin cuta da ake kira IgA suke ginawa a cikin ƙwayar koda)
• Lupus nephritis (wahalar koda na lupus)
• GN Membranoproliferative GN (nau'i na glomerulonephritis saboda mummunan haɗarin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kodan)

Alamun gama gari na glomerulonephritis sune:

• Jini a cikin fitsari (duhu, launin tsatsa, ko ruwan kasa mai ruwan kasa)
• Fitsarin fitsari (saboda yawan furotin a cikin fitsarin)
• Kumbura (kumburin fuska) na fuska, idanu, idon sawu, ƙafa, ƙafafu, ko ciki

Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da masu zuwa:

• Ciwon ciki
• Jini a cikin amai ko kujeru
• Tari da gajeren numfashi
• Gudawa
• Yawan fitsari
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin rashin lafiyar gaba ɗaya, gajiya, da rashin ci
• Hadin gwiwa ko ciwon tsoka
• Hancin hanci

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan koda na iya haɓaka cikin lokaci.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan koda na iya ci gaba da hankali.

Saboda alamomin na iya bunkasa a hankali, ana iya gano cutar yayin da kake yin fitsari ba daidai ba yayin al'ada ta yau da kullun ko gwajin wani yanayin.

Alamomin cutar glomerulonephritis na iya hadawa da:

• Anemia
• Hawan jini
• Alamomin rage aikin koda

Kwayar koda ta tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Daga baya, ana iya ganin alamun cututtukan koda mai ɗorewa, gami da:

• Ciwan jijiya (polyneuropathy)
• Alamomin wuce gona da iri, gami da mummunan zuciya da sautukan huhu
• Kumbura (edema)

Gwajin hotunan da za a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• CT scan na ciki
• Koda duban dan tayi
• Kirjin x-ray
• Pyelogram na jijiyoyin jini (IVP)

Yin fitsari da sauran gwajin fitsari sun hada da:

• Yarda da halittar
• Gwajin fitsari a karkashin madubin hangen nesa
• Fitsarin duka na fitsari
• Uric acid a cikin fitsari
• Fitsarin gwajin fitsari
• Fitsararrun fitsari
• Fitsarin fitsari
• Fitsarin RBC
• Fitsarin musamman na fitsari
• Fitsarin cikin ruwa

Wannan cutar na iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau akan gwajin jini na gaba:

• Albumin
• Antiglomerular ginshiki membrane antibody gwajin
• Kwayoyin rigakafi na antineutrophil (ANCAs)
• Antinuclear antibodies
• BUN da creatinine
• Levelsara matakan

Yin jiyya ya dogara da abin da ya haifar da cutar, da kuma nau'in alamun cutar. Kula da hawan jini yawanci shine mafi mahimmancin ɓangaren magani.

Magunguna waɗanda za a iya tsara su sun haɗa da:

• Magungunan hawan jini, mafi yawancin lokuta masu hana enzyme masu sauya angiotensin da masu toshe sakon karba na angiotensin
• Corticosteroids
• Magungunan da ke murƙushe garkuwar jiki

Hanyar da ake kira plasmapheresis a wasu lokuta ana iya amfani dashi don cututtukan glomerulonephritis wanda matsalolin rigakafi suka haifar. Ana cire sashin ruwa na jini wanda yake dauke da kwayoyi kuma a maye gurbinsu da magudanan jini ko kuma gudummawar plasma (wanda baya dauke da kwayoyi). Cire kayan jikin mutum na iya rage kumburi a jikin kayan koda.

Kila buƙatar iyakance shan sodium, ruwaye, furotin, da sauran abubuwa.

Mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin ya kamata a sa musu ido sosai don alamun gazawar koda. Ialarshe ana iya buƙatar dialysis ko dashen koda.

Sau da yawa zaku iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar shiga ƙungiyoyin tallafi inda membobi ke raba abubuwan da suka dace da matsaloli.

Glomerulonephritis na iya zama na ɗan lokaci kuma zai iya juyawa, ko kuma zai iya zama mafi muni. Ci gaban glomerulonephritis na iya haifar da:

• Rashin ciwon koda
• Rage aikin koda
• Kidneyarshen-koda cuta

Idan kana da cututtukan nephrotic kuma ana iya sarrafa su, ƙila za ka iya sarrafa wasu alamun. Idan ba za a iya shawo kansa ba, ƙila ku kamu da cutar koda ta ƙarshe.

Kira mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya idan:

• Kuna da yanayin da ke ƙara yawan haɗarinku ga glomerulonephritis
• Kuna ci gaba bayyanar cututtuka na glomerulonephritis

Yawancin lokuta na glomerulonephritis ba za a iya hana su ba. Wasu lokuta ana iya kiyaye su ta hanyar gujewa ko iyakance kamuwa da abubuwa masu narkewar sinadarai, mercury, da cututtukan cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta (NSAIDs).

Glomerulonephritis - na kullum; Nephritis na kullum; Cutar glomerular; Necrotizing glomerulonephritis; Glomerulonephritis - jinjirin wata; Crescentic glomerulonephritis; Ci gaban glomerulonephritis cikin sauri

• Ciwon jikin koda
• Glomerulus da nephron

Radhakrishnan J, Appel GB, D'Agati VD. Secondary glomerular cuta. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 32.

Reich HN, Cattran DC. Jiyya na glomerulonephritis. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 33.

Saha MK, Pendergraft WF, Jennette JC, Falk RJ. Cutar farko ta glomerular. A cikin: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. Brenner da Rector na Koda. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 31.