Anemia mai fama da cutar spherocytic

Rashin jini na cututtukan jini wani abu ne mai rikitarwa na farfajiyar farfajiya (membrane) na jajayen ƙwayoyin jini. Yana haifar da jajayen ƙwayoyin jini waɗanda suke da siffofi kamar duniyoyi, da kuma saurin lalacewar jajayen ƙwayoyin jini (hemolytic anemia).

Wannan matsalar ta samo asali ne daga kwayar halittar da ta lalace. Kuskuren yana haifar da membrane na ƙwayar jinin jini mara kyau. Kwayoyin da abin ya shafa suna da karamin yanki don girman su fiye da jinin jajayen al'ada, kuma zasu iya budewa cikin sauki.

Karancin jini zai iya bambanta daga mara nauyi zuwa mai tsanani. A cikin mawuyacin hali ana iya samun cuta a lokacin yarinta. A cikin lamuran da ba su da kyau ba za a iya lura da shi har sai sun girma.

Wannan matsalar ta fi faruwa ga mutanen da suka fito daga arewacin Turai, amma an same ta a cikin duk jinsuna.

Yara jarirai na iya samun launin rawaya na fata da idanu (jaundice) da launuka masu launi (pallor).

Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Gajiya
• Rashin fushi
• Rashin numfashi
• Rashin ƙarfi

A mafi yawan lokuta, ana fadada saifa.

Gwajin gwaje-gwaje na iya taimakawa wajen gano wannan yanayin. Gwaje-gwaje na iya haɗawa da:

• Shafar jini don nuna ƙwayoyin halitta marasa tsari
• Bilirubin matakin
• Kammala lissafin jini don bincika rashin jini
• Gwajin kabo
• LDH matakin
• Marfafawar Osmotic ko gwaji na musamman don kimantawa don lahani na ƙwayar jinin jini
• Icididdigar Reticulocyte

Yin aikin tiyata don cire saifa (splenectomy) yana warkar da cutar ƙarancin jini amma ba ya gyara yanayin ƙwayar ƙwayar mahaifa.

Iyalai masu tarihin spherocytosis ya kamata a yiwa theira theiransu binciken wannan cuta.

Yara su jira har zuwa shekaru 5 don samun cututtukan mahaifa saboda haɗarin kamuwa da cutar. A cikin ƙananan lamuran da aka gano a cikin manya, ƙila ba lallai ba ne a cire saifa.

Ya kamata yara da manya a basu rigakafin kamuwa da cutar pneumoniacoccal kafin ayi musu tiyatar cire saifa. Su ma ya kamata su karɓi abubuwan folic acid. Ana iya buƙatar ƙarin allurar rigakafin dangane da tarihin mutum.

Abubuwan masu zuwa na iya ba da ƙarin bayani game da cutar ƙarancin jini:

• Cibiyar Bayar da Bayanan Cututtuka na Halitta da Rare - rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/6639/hereditary-spherocytosis
• Nationalungiyar forasa don Rare Rashin Lafiya - rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/anemia-hereditary-spherocytic-hemolytic

Sakamakon yawanci yana da kyau tare da magani. Bayan an cire saifa, tsawon rayuwar kwayar jinin ja yana komawa yadda yake.

Matsaloli na iya haɗawa da:

• Duwatsu masu tsakuwa
• Lowerarancin samar da jinin jan jini (rikicin aplastic) wanda ya haifar da kamuwa da cuta, wanda ke haifar da karancin jini

Kira mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya idan:

• Alamunka na daɗa ta'azzara.
• Kwayoyin ku ba su inganta tare da sabon magani.
• Kuna ci gaba da sababbin bayyanar cututtuka.

Wannan cuta ce ta gado kuma mai yiwuwa ba za a iya hana shi ba. Kasancewa da haɗarin ka, kamar tarihin iyali na rashin lafiyar, na iya taimaka maka gano cuta da kuma ba da magani da wuri.

Hanyar yaduwar cututtukan jini; Spherocytosis; Hemolytic anemia - cututtukan jini

• Kwayoyin jini ja - na al'ada
• Kwayoyin jini - spherocytosis
• Kwayoyin jini

Gallagher PG. Rashin lafiyar membrane cell membrane. A cikin: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Ka'idoji da Aiki. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 45.

MD Merguerian, Gallagher PG. Spherocytosis na gado. A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 485.