Epiglottitis

Epiglottitis shine kumburi na epiglottis. Wannan shine tsokar da take rufe bututun iska (bututun iska). Epiglottitis na iya zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Epiglottis mai tauri ne, amma mai sassauƙa (da ake kira guringuntsi) a bayan harshe. Yana rufe bututun iska (trachea) lokacin da kake hadiyewa saboda abinci bazai shiga hanyar iska ba. Wannan yana taimakawa hana tari ko shaƙewa bayan haɗiyewa.

A cikin yara, cututtukan epiglottitis galibi kwayoyin cuta ne ke haifar da su Haemophilus mura (H mura) nau'ikan B. A cikin manya, yawanci hakan na faruwa ne saboda wasu kwayoyin cuta kamar Strepcoccus ciwon huhu, ko ƙwayoyin cuta irin su herpes simplex virus da varicella-zoster.

Epiglottitis yanzu baƙon abu ne sosai saboda ana ba yara allurar rigakafin H ta mura ta B (Hib) a koyaushe. Cutar da aka taɓa gani sau da yawa a cikin yara masu shekaru 2 zuwa 6. A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, epiglottitis na iya faruwa a cikin manya.

Epiglottitis yana farawa ne da zazzabi mai zafi da ciwon wuya. Sauran cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Sautin numfashi mara kyau (stridor)
• Zazzaɓi
• Launin fata mai launin shuɗi (cyanosis)
• Rushewa
• Wahalar numfashi (mutum na iya buƙatar ya zauna a tsaye ya ɗan karkata zuwa gaba don numfashi)
• Matsalar haɗiyewa
• Canjin murya (ƙarar murya)

Hanyoyin iska zasu iya toshewa kwata-kwata, wanda hakan na iya haifar da kamawar zuciya da mutuwa.

Epiglottitis na iya zama gaggawa na gaggawa. Nemi taimakon likita yanzunnan. Kada ayi amfani da komai don latsa harshe don ƙoƙarin kallon makogwaro a gida. Yin hakan na iya sa yanayin ya yi muni.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya na iya bincika akwatin murya (larynx) ta amfani da ƙaramin madubi da aka riƙe a bayan maƙogwaro. Ko kuma ana iya amfani da bututun kallo da ake kira laryngoscope. Wannan gwajin shine mafi kyau a cikin dakin tiyata ko makamancin saitin inda matsalolin numfashi kwatsam za a iya saurin magance su.

Gwajin da za a iya yi sun hada da:

• Al'adar jini ko al'adar makogwaro
• Kammala ƙididdigar jini (CBC)
• Rigar rawan wuya

Ana buƙatar zaman asibiti, yawanci a cikin sashin kulawa mai ƙarfi (ICU).

Jiyya ya ƙunshi hanyoyi don taimaka wa mutum numfashi, gami da:

• Buga numfashi (intubation)
• Oxygen mai danshi (humidified)

Sauran jiyya na iya haɗawa da:

• Maganin rigakafi don magance cutar
• Magungunan rigakafin kumburi, waɗanda ake kira corticosteroids, don rage kumburin makogoro
• Ruwan ruwa da aka bayar ta jijiya (ta IV)

Epiglottitis na iya zama gaggawa na barazanar rai. Tare da magani mai kyau, sakamakon yawanci yana da kyau.

Matsalar numfashi ta makara, amma alama ce mai mahimmanci. Spasm na iya haifar da hanyoyin iska su rufe ba zato ba tsammani. Ko kuma, hanyoyin jirgin saman na iya toshewa kwata-kwata. Duk ɗayan waɗannan yanayi na iya haifar da mutuwa.

Alurar rigakafin Hib tana kare yawancin yara daga cututtukan epiglottitis.

Mafi yawan kwayoyin cuta (H mura rubuta b) wanda ke haifar da epiglottitis yana yaduwa cikin sauki. Idan wani a cikin danginku ba shi da lafiya daga wannan kwayar cutar, sauran mambobin suna buƙatar a gwada su kuma a ba su magani.

Supraglottitis

• Gwanin jikin makogwaro
• Haemophilus mura kwayoyin

Nayak JL, Weinberg GA. Epiglottitis. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 63.

Rodrigues KK, Roosevelt GE. Babban cututtukan ƙananan iska (croup, epiglottitis, laryngitis, da tracheitis na kwayan cuta). A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 412.