Ciwon sankarau na sankarau

Cutar sankarau cuta ce ta membran da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka. Ana kiran wannan suturar meninges.

Kwayar cuta wata cuta ce dake haifar da cutar sankarau. Kwayar cututtukan pneumococcal nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta ne da ke haifar da sankarau.

Ciwon sankarau na sankarau yana faruwa ne sanadiyyar Streptococcus ciwon huhu kwayoyin cuta (wanda kuma ake kira pneumococcus, ko S ciwon huhu). Wannan nau'in kwayoyin cuta shine mafi yawan sanadin cutar sankarau ga manya. Ita ce cuta ta biyu da ta fi saurin kamuwa da cutar sankarau ga yara da shekarunsu suka wuce 2.

Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Yin amfani da barasa
• Ciwon suga
• Tarihin sankarau
• Kamuwa da bugun zuciya tare da S ciwon huhu
• Rauni ko rauni a kan kai
• Cutar sankarau wanda a cikinsa akwai yoyon fitsari
• Ciwon kunne na kwanan nan tare da S ciwon huhu
• Kwanan nan ciwon huhu tare da S ciwon huhu
• Kwanan nan kamuwa da cuta ta sama
• Cutar saifa ko saifa wacce bata aiki

Kwayar cutar yawanci kan zo da sauri, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Wuya wuya

Sauran alamun da zasu iya faruwa tare da wannan cuta:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles a cikin jarirai
• Rage hankali
• Rashin ciyarwa ko rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Saurin numfashi
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonos)

Cutar sankarau na huhu shine muhimmin dalilin zazzabi ga jarirai.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Tambayoyi zasu mayar da hankali kan alamomin cutar da yiwuwar bayyanar da su ga wani wanda zai iya samun alamomin iri ɗaya, kamar wuya da zazzabi.

Idan mai samarda yana tunanin cutar sankarau na iya yuwuwa, mai yiwuwa a yi hujin lumbar. Wannan don samun samfurin ruwan kashin baya don gwaji.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kai
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman

Za a fara maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri. Ceftriaxone shine ɗayan maganin rigakafi wanda akafi amfani dashi.

Idan kwayoyin ba suyi aiki ba kuma mai bada maganin yana zargin juriya na kwayoyin, ana amfani da vancomycin ko rifampin. Wani lokaci, ana amfani da corticosteroids, musamman a yara.

Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai haɗari kuma tana iya zama sanadin mutuwa. Da jimawa ana kula da ita, mafi kyawun damar murmurewa. Childrenananan yara da manya sama da shekaru 50 suna da haɗarin mutuwa.

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Ruwan ruwa tsakanin kwanyar da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Rashin ji
• Kamawa

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan kuna tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da alamun bayyanar:

• Matsalar ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• Zazzabin da ba'a bayyana ba

Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Farkon maganin huhu da cututtukan kunne da cutar pneumococcus ke haifarwa na iya rage haɗarin cutar sankarau. Hakanan akwai ingantattun alluran rigakafi guda biyu don hana kamuwa da cutar pneumococcus.

Ya kamata a yi wa mutane masu zuwa rigakafin, bisa ga shawarwarin yanzu:

• Yara
• Manya masu shekaru 65 da haihuwa
• Mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin kamuwa da cutar pneumococcus

Ciwon sankarau na huhu; Pneumococcus - cutar sankarau

• Kwayar Pneumococci
• Ciwon huhu na huhu
• Meninges na kwakwalwa
• Fididdigar ƙwayoyin CSF

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. An sabunta Agusta 6, 2019. An shiga Disamba 1, 2020.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Cutar sankarau mai saurin gaske. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 87.

Ramirez KA, Peters TR. Streptococcus ciwon huhu (pneumococcus). A cikin: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Littafin koyar da ilimin yara. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 209.