H cutar sankarau

Cutar sankarau cuta ce ta membran da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka. Ana kiran wannan suturar meninges.

Kwayar cuta wata cuta ce dake haifar da cutar sankarau. Haemophilus mura nau'in b wani nau'in kwayan cuta ne dake haifar da cutar sankarau.

H mura sankarau na faruwa ne sanadiyyar Haemophilus mura rubuta b kwayoyin cuta. Wannan cutar ba irin ta mura ba ce, wacce kwayar cuta ke haddasa ta.

Kafin rigakafin Hib, H mura shine babban sanadin cutar sankarau ga yara yan kasa da shekaru 5. Tunda allurar rigakafin ta samo asali a Amurka, wannan nau'in sankarau yana faruwa sau da yawa a cikin yara.

H mura sankarau na iya faruwa bayan kamuwa da cuta ta sama. Cutar ta kan yadu daga huhu da hanyoyin iska zuwa jini, sannan zuwa yankin kwakwalwa.

Hanyoyin haɗari sun haɗa da:

• Halartar kulawar rana
• Ciwon daji
• Ciwon kunne (otitis media) tare da H mura kamuwa da cuta
• Dan uwa tare da H mura kamuwa da cuta
• 'Yan asalin ƙasar Amurka
• Ciki
• Yawan shekaru
• Sinus kamuwa da cuta (sinusitis)
• Ciwon wuya (pharyngitis)
• Babban kamuwa da cutar numfashi
• Karfin garkuwar jiki

Kwayar cutar yawanci kan zo da sauri, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Neckunƙun wuya (meningismus)

Sauran cututtukan da za su iya faruwa sun haɗa da:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles a cikin jarirai
• Rage hankali
• Rashin ciyarwa da rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Saurin numfashi
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonos)

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi gwajin jiki. Tambayoyi zasu mayar da hankali kan alamomin cutar da yiwuwar bayyanar da su ga wani wanda zai iya samun alamomin iri ɗaya, kamar wuya da zazzabi.

Idan likita yana tunanin cutar sankarau mai yuwuwa ne, ana yin hujin lumbar ne (kashin baya) don ɗaukar samfurin ruwan kashin baya (cerebrospinal fluid, ko CSF) don gwaji.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• CT scan na kai
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman, da al'adun CSF

Za a ba da maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri. Ceftriaxone shine ɗayan maganin rigakafi wanda akafi amfani dashi. Wani lokaci ana iya amfani da Ampicillin.

Ana iya amfani da Corticosteroids don yaƙar kumburi, musamman a yara.

Mutanen da ba su da rigakafi waɗanda ke cikin kusanci da wani wanda ke da shi H mura yakamata a baiwa cutar sankarau rigakafin cutar. Waɗannan mutane sun haɗa da:

• 'Yan gida
• Abokan zama a dakunan kwanan dalibai
• Wadanda suka kusanto da wanda ya kamu da cutar

Cutar sankarau cuta ce mai haɗari kuma tana iya zama sanadin mutuwa. Da jimawa ana kula da ita, mafi kyawun damar murmurewa. Childrenananan yara da manya sama da shekaru 50 suna da haɗarin mutuwa.

Matsaloli na dogon lokaci na iya haɗawa da:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Ruwan ruwa tsakanin kwanyar da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Ruwan ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa (hydrocephalus)
• Rashin ji
• Kamawa

Kira 911 ko lambar gaggawa na cikin gida ko zuwa ɗakin gaggawa idan kuna tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da alamun bayyanar:

• Matsalar ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• M, zazzabi mara bayani

Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Za a iya kare jarirai da yara ƙanana ta rigakafin Hib.

Yakamata a kula da wadanda suke kusa da su a gida daya, makaranta, ko kuma cibiyar kula da yini don alamun cutar na farko da zaran an gano mutum na farko. Duk dangin da basu da rigakafin cutar da kuma makusantan wannan mutumin ya kamata su fara maganin rigakafi da wuri-wuri don hana yaduwar cutar. Tambayi mai ba ku sabis game da maganin rigakafi yayin ziyarar farko.

Yi amfani da kyawawan halaye na tsabta koyaushe, kamar wanke hannu kafin da bayan canza zanen jariri, da bayan amfani da banɗaki.

H. cutar sankarau; H. cutar sankarau; Haemophilus mura irin na b cutar sankarau

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Fididdigar ƙwayoyin CSF
• Haemophilus mura kwayoyin

Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin yanar gizo. Ciwon sankarau na kwayan cuta. www.cdc.gov/meningitis/bacterial.html. An sabunta Agusta 6, 2019. An shiga Disamba 1, 2020.

Nath A. Cutar sankarau: kwayar cuta, kwayar cuta, da sauran su. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 384.

Hasbun R, Van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Tunkel AR. Cutar sankarau mai saurin gaske. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Ka'idojin Bennett da Aiwatar da Cututtukan Cutar. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 87.