Cutar sankarau - tarin fuka

Cutar sankarau na tarin fuka cuta ce ta kyallen takarda da ke rufe kwakwalwa da laka (meninges).

Cutar sankarau mai cutar tarin fuka ana haifar da ita Tarin fuka na Mycobacterium. Wannan kwayar cutar ce ke haifar da tarin fuka (TB). Kwayoyin sun yadu zuwa kwakwalwa da kashin baya daga wani wuri a cikin jiki, yawanci huhu.

Cutar sankarau na tarin fuka ba safai ake samun sa ba a Amurka. Yawancin lokuta mutane ne da suka yi tafiya zuwa Amurka daga wasu ƙasashe inda tarin fuka ya zama gama gari.

Mutanen da ke da waɗannan masu zuwa suna da babbar dama ta kamuwa da cutar sankarau na tarin fuka:

• HIV / AIDs
• Sha barasa fiye da kima
• Tarin fuka na huhu
• Karfin garkuwar jiki

Kwayar cutar sau da yawa farawa a hankali, kuma na iya haɗawa da:

• Zazzabi da sanyi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Haskakawa zuwa haske (photophobia)
• Tsananin ciwon kai
• Neckunƙun wuya (meningismus)

Sauran alamun da zasu iya faruwa tare da wannan cuta na iya haɗawa da:

• Gaggawa
• Bulging fontanelles (wurare masu laushi) a cikin jarirai
• Rage hankali
• Rashin ciyarwa ko rashin haushi a cikin yara
• Halin da ba a saba gani ba, tare da kai da wuya a baya (opisthotonos). Wannan galibi ana samun sa a jarirai.

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai bincika ku. Wannan yakan nuna cewa kuna da masu zuwa:

• Saurin bugun zuciya
• Zazzaɓi
• Halin tunanin mutum ya canza
• Wuya wuya

Hutun lumbar (bugun kashin baya) muhimmin gwaji ne wajen gano cutar sankarau. Anyi shi ne don tattara samfurin ruwan kashin baya don bincike. Ana iya buƙatar sama da samfurin guda ɗaya don yin gwajin cutar.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen da za'a iya yi sun haɗa da:

• Biopsy na kwakwalwa ko meninges (rare)
• Al'adar jini
• Kirjin x-ray
• Binciken CSF don ƙididdigar tantanin halitta, glucose, da furotin
• CT scan na kai
• Gram tabo, sauran tabo na musamman, da al'adun CSF
• Hanyar sarkar Polymerase (PCR) na CSF
• Gwajin fata don tarin fuka (PPD)
• Sauran gwaje-gwaje don neman tarin fuka

Za a baku magunguna da yawa don yaƙar kwayoyin cutar tarin fuka. Wani lokaci, ana farawa magani koda kuwa mai ba da sabis yana tsammanin kuna da cutar, amma gwaji bai tabbatar da shi ba tukuna.

Jiyya yawanci yakan dauki akalla watanni 12. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da magunguna da ake kira corticosteroids.

Cutar sankarau mai cutar tarin fuka yana da haɗari ga rayuwa idan ba a magance shi ba. Ana buƙatar bin dogon lokaci don gano cututtukan da aka maimaita (sake faruwa).

Ba tare da magani ba, cutar na iya haifar da ɗayan masu zuwa:

• Lalacewar kwakwalwa
• Gyaran ruwa tsakanin kokon kai da kwakwalwa (subdural effusion)
• Rashin ji
• Hydrocephalus (tara ruwa a cikin kokon kai wanda ke haifar da kumburin kwakwalwa)
• Kamawa
• Mutuwa

Kira lambar gaggawa na cikin gida (kamar su 911) ko kuma ka je ɗakin gaggawa idan ka yi tsammanin meningitis a cikin ƙaramin yaro wanda ke da alamun waɗannan alamun:

• Matsalar ciyarwa
• Babban kuka
• Rashin fushi
• Zazzabin da ba'a bayyana ba

Kira lambar gaggawa na gida idan kun sami wani mummunan alamun da aka lissafa a sama. Cutar sankarau na saurin zama cuta mai barazanar rai.

Kula da mutanen da ke da alamun kamuwa da cutar tarin fuka ba mai aiki ba (dormant) na iya hana yaduwar sa. Ana iya yin gwajin PPD da sauran gwaje-gwajen tarin fuka don nuna ko kuna da irin wannan ƙwayar cutar.

Wasu kasashen da ke fama da tarin fuka suna ba wa mutane allurar rigakafin da ake kira BCG don rigakafin tarin fuka. Amma, tasirin wannan rigakafin yana da iyaka, kuma ba kasafai ake amfani dashi a Amurka ba. Alurar rigakafin ta BCG na iya taimakawa wajen hana cututtukan tarin fuka masu tsanani, kamar su sankarau, ga yara ƙanana da ke zaune a wuraren da cutar ta zama ruwan dare.

Cutar sankarau; Cutar sankarau

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe

Anderson NC, Koshy AA, Roos KL. Kwayar cuta, fungal da cututtukan cututtuka na tsarin mai juyayi. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 79.

Cruz AT, Starke JR. Tarin fuka. A cikin: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, eds. Feigin da Cherry's Littafin rubutu na cututtukan cututtukan yara. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: babi na 96.

Fitzgerald DW, Sterling TR, Haas DW. Tarin fuka na Mycobacterium. A cikin: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. Mandell, Douglas, da Bennett's Ka'idoji da Aiki na Cututtuka masu Cutar, Updatedaukaka Sabunta. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2015: babi na 251.