Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa

Cerebral palsy wani rukuni ne na cuta wanda zai iya ƙunsar kwakwalwa, wanda ke shafar ayyukan tsarin juyayi, kamar motsi, koyo, ji, gani, da tunani.

Akwai nau'o'in cututtukan kwakwalwa da yawa, gami da spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, hypotonic, and mixed.

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Yawancin waɗannan matsalolin suna faruwa yayin da jariri ya girma a cikin mahaifar. Amma suna iya faruwa a kowane lokaci a farkon shekarun 2 na rayuwa, yayin da kwakwalwar jariri ke ci gaba.

A wasu mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ɓangarorin ƙwaƙwalwar suna da rauni saboda ƙarancin iskar oxygen (hypoxia) a waɗannan yankuna. Ba a san dalilin da ya sa hakan ke faruwa ba.

Yaran da ba su isa haihuwa ba suna da haɗarin kamuwa da cututtukan kwakwalwa. Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya faruwa yayin ƙuruciya sakamakon yanayi da yawa, gami da:

• Zuban jini a cikin kwakwalwa
• Kwayoyin cuta na kwakwalwa (encephalitis, meningitis, herpes simplex infections)
• Raunin kai
• Cututtuka a cikin uwa yayin daukar ciki (rubella)
• Jaundice mara magani
• Raunuka a kwakwalwa yayin aikin haihuwa

A wasu halaye, ba a taɓa tantance dalilin tabin hankali ba.

Kwayar cututtukan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa na iya zama dabam sosai tsakanin mutanen da ke wannan rukuni na rashin lafiya. Kwayar cutar na iya:

• Kasance mai sauƙin hali ko mai tsananin rauni
• Kawai haɗa ɗaya gefen jiki ko ɓangarorin biyu
• Kasance cikin bayyane kodai cikin hannaye ko kafafu, ko kuma haɗa duka hannayen da ƙafafun

Yawancin lokaci ana ganin alamun kafin yaro ya cika shekaru 2 da haihuwa. Wasu lokuta alamun suna farawa tun daga watanni 3. Iyaye na iya lura cewa ɗansu ya yi jinkiri wajen kaiwa matakan girma kamar zama, mirgina, rarrafe, ko tafiya.

Akwai cututtukan kwakwalwa da yawa. Wasu mutane suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka.

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ita ce nau'in da aka fi sani. Kwayar cutar sun hada da:

• Tsokokin da suka matse sosai kuma basa miƙewa. Suna iya ƙara ƙarfafa lokaci.
• Tafiya mara kyau (gait) - hannaye a kafe zuwa garesu, gwiwoyi sun durƙusa ko taɓawa, ƙafafu suna yin motsi "almakashi", yi tafiya a yatsun kafa.
• Haɗin gwiwa suna da ƙarfi kuma basa buɗe duka hanyar (ana kiranta haɗin gwiwa).
• Raunin jijiyoyi ko asarar motsi a cikin rukuni na tsokoki (inna).
• Kwayar cututtukan cututtuka na iya shafar hannu ɗaya ko ƙafa, gefe ɗaya na jiki, ƙafafu biyu, ko duka hannaye da ƙafafu.

Wadannan alamun na iya faruwa a wasu nau'o'in cututtukan kwakwalwa:

• Motsi mara kyau (karkatarwa, birgima, ko juyawa) na hannaye, ƙafa, hannu, ko ƙafafu yayin farkawa, wanda ke ƙara muni yayin lokutan damuwa
• Girgizar ƙasa
• Tafiya mara ƙarfi
• Rashin daidaituwa
• Tsokoki masu motsa jiki, musamman a hutawa, da haɗin gwiwa waɗanda ke motsawa da yawa

Sauran kwakwalwa da tsarin jijiyoyin cututtuka na iya haɗawa da:

• Rashin nakasa ilimi ya zama gama gari, amma hankali na iya zama na al'ada
• Matsalar magana (dysarthria)
• Matsalar ji ko gani
• Kamawa
• Jin zafi, musamman a cikin manya, wanda zai iya wahalar gudanarwa

Ci da alamun narkewa:

• Matsalar shayarwa ko ciyarwa a cikin jarirai, ko taunawa da haɗiye cikin manyan yara da manya
• Amai ko maƙarƙashiya

Sauran bayyanar cututtuka:

• Droara faduwa
• Sannu a hankali fiye da ci gaban al'ada
• Numfashi ba daidai ba
• Rashin fitsari

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi cikakken nazarin neurologic. A cikin tsofaffin mutane, gwajin aikin fahimi yana da mahimmanci.

Sauran gwaje-gwajen ana iya yin su kamar yadda ake buƙata, galibi don kawar da wasu rikice-rikice:

• Gwajin jini
• CT scan na kai
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• Jin allo
• MRI na kai
• Gwajin gani

Cutar cutar ƙwaƙwalwa ba ta da magani. Manufar magani ita ce taimakawa mutum ya kasance mai cin gashin kansa kamar yadda ya kamata.

Jiyya na buƙatar tsarin ƙungiya, gami da:

• Likita mai kula da lafiya
• Likita (likitan hakori ana ba da shawarar kusan kowane watanni 6)
• Ma'aikacin zamantakewa
• Ma'aikatan aikin jinya
• Maganganu na sana'a, na zahiri, da na magana
• Sauran kwararru, gami da likitan jijiyoyi, likitan gyaran jiki, likitan huhu, da likitan ciki

Jiyya ya dogara da alamun mutum da kuma buƙatar hana rikitarwa.

Kula kai da gida sun haɗa da:

• Samun isasshen abinci da abinci mai gina jiki
• Kiyaye gida lafiya
• Yin aikin da aka ba da shawara ga masu samarwa
• Gudanar da kulawar hanji yadda yakamata (masu sanya laushi, ruwan sanyi, zare, kayan kwalliya, al'ada ta al'ada)
• Kare haɗin gwiwa daga rauni

Sanya yara a makarantu na yau da kullun ana bada shawarar saidai idan nakasa jiki ko haɓaka tunanin mutum ya sa hakan ba zai yiwu ba. Ilimi na musamman ko makaranta na iya taimakawa.

Mai zuwa na iya taimakawa ta hanyar sadarwa da koyo:

• Gilashi
• Na'urar taimaka wa ji
• Cesarjin tsoka da ƙashi
• Kayan tafiya
• Kujerun marasa lafiya

Hakanan ana iya buƙatar maganin cikin jiki, maganin sana'a, taimako na ƙashin jini, ko wasu jiyya don taimakawa ayyukan yau da kullun da kulawa.

Magunguna na iya haɗawa da:

• Anticonvulsants don hana ko rage yawan saurin kamuwa
• Botulinum toxin don taimakawa tare da spasticity da drooling
• Nishaɗi na tsoka don rage rawar jiki da raɗaɗi

Ana iya buƙatar aikin tiyata a wasu lokuta don:

• Gudanar da reflux na gastroesophageal
• Yanke wasu jijiyoyi daga ƙashin kashin baya don taimakawa da ciwo da raɗaɗi
• Sanya tubes na ciyarwa
• Saki kwangilar haɗin gwiwa

Damuwa da ƙonewa tsakanin iyaye da sauran masu kula da mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar kwakwalwa na kowa ne. Nemi tallafi da ƙarin bayani daga ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka kware a kan cututtukan kwakwalwa.

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa cuta ce ta tsawon rai. Ana iya buƙatar kulawa na dogon lokaci. Rashin lafiyar ba zai shafi tsawon ran da ake tsammani ba. Adadin nakasa ya banbanta.

Yawancin manya suna iya zama a cikin jama'a, ko dai da kansu ko kuma da matakan taimako daban-daban.

Cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa na iya haifar da matsalolin kiwon lafiya masu zuwa:

• Kashe ƙashi (osteoporosis)
• Toshewar hanji
• Hip rabuwa da amosanin gabbai a cikin haɗin gwiwa
• Raunuka daga faɗuwa
• Ciwan kai
• Hadin gwiwar hadin gwiwa
• Ciwon huhu da ke faruwa sakamakon shaƙewa
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Rage ƙwarewar sadarwa (wani lokacin)
• Rage hankali (wani lokacin)
• Scoliosis
• Rashin lafiya (a cikin kusan rabin mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa)
• Tabarbarewar zaman jama'a

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan alamun cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa suka ɓullo, musamman ma idan kun san cewa rauni ya faru yayin haihuwa ko ƙuruciya.

Samun kulawar da ta dace na haihuwa na iya rage haɗarin wasu ƙananan dalilan cututtukan kwakwalwa. A mafi yawan lokuta duk da haka, raunin da ke haifar da rikice-rikicen ba abin hanawa bane.

Iyaye masu ciki da ke da wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya na iya buƙatar a bi su a cikin asibitin haihuwa mai hatsarin gaske.

Ciwon inna; Shan inna - spastic; Spastic hemiplegia; Spastic diplegia; Raunin quadriplegia

• Abincin abinci na yau da kullun - matsalolin yara
• Gastrostomy ciyar da bututu - bolus
• Jejunostomy yana ciyar da bututu

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe

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Nass R, Sidhu R, Ross G. Autism da sauran nakasawar ci gaba. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 90.

Oskoui M, Shevell MI, Swaiman KF. Cutar ƙwaƙwalwa. A cikin: Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, et al, eds. Swaiman's Neurology na Yara: Ka'idoji da Ayyuka. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: babi na 97.

Verschuren O, Peterson MD, Balemans AC, Hurvitz EA. Motsa jiki da shawarwarin motsa jiki don mutanen da ke fama da cutar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa. Dev Med Yaron Neurol. 2016; 58 (8): 798-808. PMID: 26853808 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26853808.