Rashin hankali na rashin daidaito

Rashin hankali na rashin gaban jiki (FTD) wani nau'in hauka ne wanda ba a saba da shi ba wanda yake kama da cutar Alzheimer, sai dai kawai yana shafar wasu wurare ne na kwakwalwa.

Mutanen da ke da FTD suna da abubuwa marasa kyau (waɗanda ake kira tangles, Pick body, da Pick cells, da tau protein) a cikin ƙwayoyin jijiyoyin a cikin ɓarnatattun ɓangarorin kwakwalwa.

Ba a san ainihin dalilin abubuwan da ba na al'ada ba. An samo kwayoyin halittu da yawa wadanda ba na al'ada ba wadanda ke iya haifar da cutar FTD. Wasu shari'o'in FTD ana daukar su ne ta hanyar dangi.

FTD da wuya. Zai iya faruwa a cikin mutane tun suna asan shekaru 20. Amma yawanci yakan fara ne tsakanin shekaru 40 zuwa 60. Matsakaicin shekarun da ya fara shine 54.

Cutar na kara tsananta sannu a hankali. Naman cikin wasu sassan kwakwalwa suna ta raguwa a kan lokaci. Kwayar cututtuka irin su canjin ɗabi'a, matsalar magana, da matsalolin tunani suna faruwa a hankali kuma su munana.

Canje-canjen halaye na farko na iya taimaka wa likitoci su gaya wa FTD ban da cutar Alzheimer. (Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya shine mafi mahimmanci, kuma farkon, alamar cutar Alzheimer.)

Mutanen da ke tare da FTD suna nuna halin rashin daidai a cikin tsarin zamantakewar jama'a daban-daban. Canje-canje a cikin ɗabi'a na ci gaba da zama mafi muni kuma galibi suna ɗaya daga cikin alamun cutar da ke damuwa. Wasu mutane suna da matsala fiye da yanke shawara, aiki mai rikitarwa, ko yare (matsalar neman fahimta ko fahimtar kalmomi ko rubutu).

Janar bayyanar cututtuka sun haɗa da:

HANYOYIN SAURARA:

• Ba zai iya ci gaba da aiki ba
• Halin tilastawa
• Hali na rashin ƙarfi ko rashin dacewa
• Rashin iya aiki ko ma'amala a cikin zamantakewar mutum ko halin mutum
• Matsaloli game da tsaftar mutum
• Maimaita hali
• Ficewa daga mu'amala da zamantakewa

SAUYIN ZUCIYA

• Halin canzawa
• Rage sha'awa cikin ayyukan yau da kullun
• Rashin fahimtar canje-canje a cikin ɗabi'a
• Rashin nuna dumin jiki, damuwa, jin kai, tausayi
• Yanayin da bai dace ba
• Ba damuwa game da al'amuran ko muhalli ba

SAUYAYYAR HARSHE

• Ba za a iya magana ba (mutism)
• Raguwar iya karatu ko rubutu
• Matsalar neman kalma
• Matsalar magana ko fahimtar magana (aphasia)
• Maimaita wani abu da aka musu magana (echolalia)
• Vocaramar ƙamus
• Sauti, sautunan magana marasa daidaituwa

MATSALOLIN TSARO NA GASKIYA

• Muscleara sautin tsoka (taurin kai)
• Rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke ƙara muni
• Matsalar motsi / daidaitawa (apraxia)
• Rashin ƙarfi

SAURAN MATSALOLI

• Rashin fitsari

Mai ba da sabis na kiwon lafiya zai yi tambaya game da tarihin likita da alamomi.

Ana iya yin odar gwaje-gwaje don taimakawa wajen kawar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa, gami da lalata saboda dalilai na rayuwa. Ana bincikar FTD dangane da alamomi da sakamakon gwaji, gami da:

• Bincike na hankali da halayya (binciken neuropsychological)
• Brain MRI
• Kayan lantarki (EEG)
• Binciken kwakwalwa da tsarin juyayi (gwajin kwayar halitta)
• Binciken ruwa a kewayen jijiyoyin jiki (cerebrospinal fluid) bayan huda lumbar
• Shugaban CT scan
• Gwajin jin dadi, tunani da tunani (aikin fahimta), da aikin motsa jiki
• Sabbin hanyoyin da ke gwada ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ko haɓakar sunadarai na iya ba da damar mafi ƙarancin ganewar asali nan gaba
• Positron watsi tomography (PET) hoton kwakwalwa

Kwayar halittar ƙwaƙwalwa ita ce kawai gwajin da za ta iya tabbatar da cutar.

Babu takamaiman magani don FTD. Magunguna na iya taimakawa wajen sarrafa canjin yanayi.

Wani lokaci, mutane masu cutar FTD suna shan irin magungunan da ake amfani dasu don magance wasu nau'ikan cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa.

A wasu lokuta, dakatarwa ko sauya magunguna waɗanda ke ƙara rikicewa ko waɗanda ba a buƙata na iya inganta tunani da sauran ayyukan tunani. Magunguna sun haɗa da:

• Analgesics
• Anticholinergics
• Tsarin damuwa na tsakiya
• Cimetidine
• Lidocaine

Yana da mahimmanci a magance duk wata cuta da ka iya haifar da rudani. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Anemia
• Rage oxygen (hypoxia)
• Ajiyar zuciya
• Babban matakin carbon dioxide
• Cututtuka
• Rashin koda
• Rashin hanta
• Rashin abinci mai gina jiki
• Ciwon cututtukan thyroid
• Yanayin yanayi, irin su baƙin ciki

Ana iya buƙatar magunguna don sarrafa halayyar haɗari, haɗari, ko halayyar tashin hankali.

Gyara halaye na iya taimaka wa wasu mutane su kula da halaye marasa yarda ko haɗari. Wannan ya kunshi bayar da lada mai dacewa ko halaye masu kyau da kuma watsi da halaye marasa kyau (lokacin da aminci ya yi hakan).

Maganin magana (psychotherapy) ba koyaushe yake aiki ba. Wannan saboda hakan na iya haifar da ƙarin rikicewa ko rikicewa.

Yanayin gaskiya, wanda ke ƙarfafa muhalli da sauran alamomi, na iya taimaka rage rikicewar hankali.

Dogaro da alamun cutar da tsananin cutar, ana iya buƙatar sa ido da taimako game da tsabtar kai da kula da kai. Daga qarshe, za a iya samun buqatar kulawa na sa’o’i 24 da kulawa a gida ko a wani wuri na musamman. Ba da shawara kan iyali na iya taimaka wa mutum ya jimre da canje-canjen da ake buƙata don kula da gida.

Kulawa na iya haɗawa da:

• Ayyukan kariya na manya
• Albarkatun al'umma
• Masu gida
• Ziyartar ma'aikatan jinya ko mataimaka
• Ayyukan sa kai

Mutanen da ke tare da FTD da danginsu na iya buƙatar neman shawara ta doka tun farkon matsalar. Umurnin kula na gaba, ikon lauya, da sauran ayyukan shari'a na iya sauƙaƙa yanke shawara game da kula da mutumin da ke tare da FTD.

Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar FTD ta shiga ƙungiyar tallafi. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai. Za a iya samun ƙarin bayani da tallafi ga mutanen da ke tare da FTD da danginsu a:

Forungiyar don Rashin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Gida - www.theaftd.org/get-involved/in-your-region/

Rashin lafiyar da sauri kuma a hankali ya zama mafi muni. Mutum ya zama yana da nakasa gaba ɗaya a farkon cutar.

FTD galibi yana haifar da mutuwa tsakanin shekaru 8 zuwa 10, yawanci daga kamuwa da cuta, ko wani lokacin saboda tsarin jiki ya kasa.

Kira mai ba ku sabis ko ku je ɗakin gaggawa idan aikin ƙwaƙwalwa ya ƙara lalacewa.

Babu sanannun rigakafin.

Raunin lalata; Dementia - maanar; Rashin hankali na rashin daidaito; FTD; Arnold Pick cuta; Zaɓi cuta; 3R cutar tausa

• Tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da tsarin juyayi na gefe
• Brain
• Brain da tsarin juyayi

Bang J, Spina S, Miller BL. Rashin hankali na rashin daidaito Lancet. 2015; 386 (10004): 1672-1682. PMID: 26595641 pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26595641/.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Alzheimer cuta da sauran lalata. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 95.