Alzheimer cuta

Rashin hankali rashi ne na aikin kwakwalwa wanda ke faruwa tare da wasu cututtuka. Cutar Alzheimer (AD) ita ce mafi yawan cutar mantuwa. Yana shafar ƙwaƙwalwa, tunani, da ɗabi'a.

Ba a san ainihin dalilin cutar Alzheimer ba. Bincike ya nuna cewa wasu canje-canje a cikin kwakwalwa suna haifar da cutar Alzheimer.

Kila ku kamu da cutar Alzheimer idan kun:

• Sun tsufa - Ciwon cutar Alzheimer ba wani ɓangare bane na tsufa na al'ada.
• Samun dangi na kusa, kamar ɗan'uwa, 'yar'uwa, ko iyayen da ke da cutar Alzheimer.
• Samun wasu kwayoyin halitta masu alaƙa da cutar Alzheimer.

Mai zuwa yana iya ƙara haɗarin:

• Kasancewa mace
• Samun matsalolin zuciya da na jijiyoyin jini saboda yawan cholesterol
• Tarihin ciwon kai

Akwai cututtukan Alzheimer iri biyu:

• Farkon cutar Alzheimer -- Kwayar cututtukan suna bayyana kafin shekaru 60. Wannan nau'in ba shi da yawa fiye da farkon farawa. Yana daɗa ƙara muni da sauri. Farkon cuta na farko na iya gudana cikin dangi. An gano kwayoyin halitta da yawa.
• Late farkon cutar Alzheimer -- Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'in. Yana faruwa ne a cikin mutane masu shekaru 60 zuwa sama. Zai iya gudana a cikin wasu iyalai, amma rawar kwayar halitta ba ta bayyana a fili.

Alzheimer cututtukan cututtuka sun haɗa da wahala tare da yankuna da yawa na aikin tunani, gami da:

• Halin motsin rai ko halin mutum
• Harshe
• Orywaƙwalwar ajiya
• Tsinkaye
• Tunani da hukunci (fahimi na fasaha)

Cutar Alzheimer yawanci ta fara bayyana kamar mantuwa.

Ildarancin hankali (MCI) shine mataki tsakanin mantuwa ta al'ada saboda tsufa, da ci gaban cutar Alzheimer. Mutanen da ke da MCI suna da ƙananan matsaloli game da tunani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda ba sa tsoma baki cikin ayyukan yau da kullun. Suna yawan sane da mantuwa. Ba duk mai cutar MCI yake kamuwa da cutar Alzheimer ba.

Kwayar cutar MCI ta haɗa da:

• Matsalar aiwatar da aiki fiye da ɗaya a lokaci guda
• Matsalar magance matsaloli
• Manta abubuwan kwanan nan ko tattaunawa
• Longerauki tsawon lokaci don yin ayyuka mafi wahala

Alamomin farko na cutar Alzheimer na iya haɗawa da:

• Matsalar aiwatar da ayyuka wanda ke ɗaukar tunani, amma yakan kasance da sauƙi, kamar daidaita littafin dubawa, wasa wasanni masu rikitarwa (gada), da koyon sabon bayani ko abubuwan yau da kullun.
• Batarwa akan hanyoyin da aka sani
• Matsalolin yare, kamar matsalar ambaton sunayen abubuwan da aka sani
• Rashin sha'awar abubuwan da aka taɓa jin daɗin su da kasancewa cikin yanayi mai kyau
• Misplacing abubuwa
• Canji na mutum da asarar ƙwarewar zamantakewa

Yayinda cutar Alzheimer ta zama mafi muni, bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana kuma suna tsoma baki tare da ikon kulawa da kai. Kwayar cutar na iya haɗawa da:

• Canji a yanayin bacci, galibi yakan farka da dare
• Yaudara, damuwa, da tashin hankali
• Matsalar yin ayyuka na asali, kamar shirya abinci, zaɓar tufafi masu kyau, da tuƙi
• Matsalar karatu ko rubutu
• Mantawa da cikakken bayani game da abubuwan da ke faruwa a yanzu
• Manta abubuwa a tarihin rayuwar mutum da rasa wayewar kai
• Maimaitawar tunani, jayayya, fitarwa, da halayyar tashin hankali
• Rashin yanke hukunci da rashin iya gane hatsari
• Amfani da kalma ba daidai ba, ɓata kalmomi, ko magana a cikin jumloli masu rikicewa
• Janyewa daga lambar sada zumunta

Mutanen da ke da cutar Alzheimer mai tsanani ba za su iya ba:

• Gane 'yan uwa
• Yi ayyukan yau da kullun na yau da kullun, kamar cin abinci, sutura, da wanka
• Fahimci yare

Sauran cututtukan da ke iya faruwa tare da cutar Alzheimer:

• Matsalolin sarrafa hanji ko fitsari
• Matsalar haɗiya

Kwararren mai ba da kiwon lafiya na iya gano cutar Alzheimer sau da yawa tare da matakai masu zuwa:

• Yin cikakken gwajin jiki, gami da gwajin tsarin jijiyoyi
• Tambaya game da tarihin lafiyar mutum da alamomin sa
• Gwajin aikin tunani (jarrabawar halin hankali)

Ana yin binciken cutar Alzheimer lokacin da wasu alamu suka bayyana, kuma ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa sauran dalilan rashin hankali ba su nan.

Za'a iya yin gwaje-gwaje don kawar da wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar hauka, gami da:

• Anemia
• Ciwon kwakwalwa
• Kamuwa da cuta na dogon lokaci (na kullum)
• Rashin maye daga magunguna
• Tsananin damuwa
• Fluidara ruwa akan kwakwalwa (matsin lamba na al'ada hydrocephalus)
• Buguwa
• Ciwon thyroid
• Rashin bitamin

Ana iya yin CT ko MRI na ƙwaƙwalwa don neman wasu abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar ƙwaƙwalwa, kamar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa ko bugun jini. Wasu lokuta, ana iya amfani da hoton PET don kawar da cutar Alzheimer.

Hanya guda daya tak da za a iya tabbatar da cewa wani na da cutar mantuwa ita ce bincika samfurin kwakwalwar su bayan mutuwa.

Babu magani ga cutar Alzheimer. Manufofin magani sune:

• Rage ci gaban cutar (kodayake wannan yana da wahalar yi)
• Sarrafa alamomi, kamar matsalolin ɗabi'a, rikicewa, da matsalolin bacci
• Canja yanayin gida don sauƙaƙa ayyukan yau da kullun
• Tallafawa yan uwa da sauran masu kulawa

Ana amfani da magunguna don:

• Sannu a hankali cikin alamun da alamun cutar ke ta'azzara, kodayake fa'idodin amfani da waɗannan ƙwayoyin na iya zama kaɗan
• Kula da matsaloli tare da ɗabi'a, kamar rashin yanke hukunci ko rikicewa

Kafin amfani da waɗannan magunguna, tambayi mai ba da sabis:

• Menene illar? Shin maganin ya cancanci haɗarin?
• Yaushe lokaci mafi kyau, idan akwai, don amfani da waɗannan magunguna?
• Shin magunguna don sauran matsalolin kiwon lafiya suna buƙatar canzawa ko dakatar dasu?

Wani da ke da cutar Alzheimer zai buƙaci tallafi a cikin gida yayin da cutar ke ƙara ta’azzara. 'Yan uwa ko wasu masu kulawa zasu iya taimakawa ta hanyar taimaka wa mutum ya jimre da asarar ƙwaƙwalwa da halayya da matsalolin bacci. Yana da mahimmanci a tabbatar gidan mutumin da ke da cutar Alzheimer amintacce ne a gare su.

Samun cutar Alzheimer ko kula da mutumin da ke cikin yanayin na iya zama ƙalubale. Kuna iya sauƙaƙa damuwar rashin lafiya ta hanyar neman tallafi ta hanyar albarkatun cutar Alzheimer. Yin tarayya tare da wasu waɗanda suke da masaniya da matsaloli na yau da kullun na iya taimaka muku kada ku ji ku kaɗai.

Ta yaya saurin cutar Alzheimer ke kara zama daban ga kowane mutum. Idan cutar Alzheimer ta bunkasa da sauri, akwai yiwuwar ta kara lalacewa da sauri.

Mutanen da ke da cutar Alzheimer galibi suna mutuwa da wuri fiye da yadda aka saba, duk da cewa mutum na iya rayuwa ko'ina daga shekaru 3 zuwa 20 bayan an gano shi.

Wataƙila iyalai zasu buƙaci tsara don kulawar ƙaunataccen su nan gaba.

Mataki na ƙarshe na cutar na iya wucewa daga fewan watanni zuwa shekaru da yawa. A wannan lokacin, mutum ya zama nakasasshe. Yawanci mutuwa na faruwa ne daga kamuwa da cuta ko gazawar gabobi.

Kira mai bada idan:

• Alzheimer alamun bayyanar cututtuka na ci gaba ko mutum yana da kwatsam ya canza halin mutum
• Halin mutumin da ke da cutar Alzheimer sai kara ta'azzara yake
• Ba za ku iya kula da mutumin da ke da cutar Alzheimer a gida ba

Kodayake babu wata tabbatacciyar hanyar rigakafin cutar Alzheimer, akwai wasu matakan da zasu iya taimakawa wajen hana ko rage saurin kamuwa da cutar ta Alzheimer:

• Kasance kan abincin mai mai mai mai yawa kuma kuci abinci mai yawa a cikin mai mai mai omega-3.
• Motsa jiki sosai.
• Kasance cikin tunani da zamantakewa.
• Sanya hular kwano yayin ayyukan haɗari don hana raunin ƙwaƙwalwa.

Rashin hankali na Senile - nau'in Alzheimer (SDAT); SDAT; Dementia - Alzheimer

• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da aphasia
• Sadarwa tare da wani tare da dysarthria
• Rashin hankali da tuki
• Dementia - halayyar mutum da matsalolin bacci
• Dementia - kulawar yau da kullun
• Rashin hankali - kiyaye lafiya a cikin gida
• Dementia - abin da za a tambayi likita
• Cin karin adadin kuzari yayin rashin lafiya - manya
• Hana faduwa

• Alzheimer cuta

Yanar gizo na Kungiyar Alzheimer. Sanarwar sanarwa: Ka'idojin aikin farko don kimantawa na asibiti game da cutar Alzheimer da sauran lalata saboda kulawa ta musamman da ta musamman. www.alz.org/aaic/releases_2018/AAIC18-Sun-clinical-practice-guidelines.asp. An sabunta Yuli 22, 2018. An shiga 16 ga Afrilu, 2020.

Knopman DS. Rashin hankali da hauka. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 374.

Martínez G, Vernooij RW, Fuentes Padilla P, Zamora J, Bonfill Cosp X, Flicker L Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 11 (11): CD012216. PMID: 29164603 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29164603/.

Peterson R, Graff-Radford J. Alzheimer cuta da sauran lalata. A cikin: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology a cikin Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: babi na 95.

Sloane PD, Kaufer DI. Cutar Alzheimer. A cikin: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn's Far Far na yanzu 2020. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier 2020: 681-686.