Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) cuta ce ta autoimmune na fata. Ya kunshi kumburi da ciwan jiki (yashewa) na fata da fatar baki.

Tsarin rigakafi yana samar da kwayoyi akan takamaiman sunadarai a cikin fata da ƙwayoyin mucous. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta suna karya alakar da ke tsakanin kwayoyin fata. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar kumfa. Ba a san takamaiman dalilin ba.

A wasu lokuta mawuyacin yanayi, pemphigus yana haifar da wasu magunguna, gami da:

• Wani magani mai suna penicillamine, wanda yake cire wasu abubuwa daga cikin jini (chelating agent)
• Magungunan hawan jini da ake kira masu hana ACE
• Magungunan anti-inflammatory marasa ƙwayar cuta (NSAIDs)

Pemphigus ba sabon abu bane. Mafi yawanci yakan faru ne a cikin masu shekaru manya ko manya.

Kimanin kashi 50% na mutanen da ke da wannan yanayin sun fara samun ƙuraje da ciwo a cikin baki. Wannan yana biye da kumburin fata. Ciwon fata na iya zuwa ya tafi.

Za'a iya bayyana ciwon fata kamar:

• Zuba ruwa
• Oozing
• Kwashewa
• Peeling ko sauƙi ware

Za a iya samo su:

• A cikin bakin da ƙasa makogwaro
• A fatar kai, akwati, ko wasu wuraren fata

Fatar ta rabu a sauƙaƙe lokacin da fuskar fatar da ba ta taɓa shafawa ke shafawa a kaikaice da auduga ko yatsa. Ana kiran wannan alamar Nikolsky tabbatacciya.

Ana yin gwajin biopsy na fata da gwajin jini don tabbatar da ganewar asali.

Abubuwa masu tsanani na pemphigus na iya buƙatar sarrafa rauni, kwatankwacin maganin ciwo mai tsanani. Mutanen da ke tare da PV na iya buƙatar zama a asibiti kuma su sami kulawa a ɓangaren ƙonewa ko kuma sashen kulawa mai tsanani.

Ana nufin jiyya don rage alamun, gami da ciwo. Hakanan yana nufin hana rigakafi, musamman cututtuka.

Jiyya na iya ƙunsar:

• Magungunan rigakafi da magungunan rigakafi don sarrafawa ko hana kamuwa da cututtuka
• Ruwan ruwa da wutan lantarki wadanda ake bayarwa ta jijiya (IV) idan akwai matsanancin gyambon ciki
• Ciyarwar abinci na IV idan akwai mawuyatan bakin
• Nono (maganin sa barci) lozenges na bakinka don rage radadin bakin ciki
• Magunguna masu zafi idan sauƙin ciwo na cikin gida bai isa ba

Ana buƙatar farfadowa na jiki (tsari) don sarrafa pemphigus kuma ya kamata a fara shi da wuri-wuri. Tsarin tsari ya hada da:

• Wani maganin kashe kumburi mai suna dapsone
• Corticosteroids
• Magunguna dauke da zinare
• Magungunan da ke danne garkuwar jiki (kamar azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, ko rituximab)

Ana iya amfani da maganin rigakafi don magance ko hana kamuwa da cuta. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) lokaci-lokaci ana amfani dashi.

Ana iya amfani da Plasmapheresis tare da magunguna na zamani don rage yawan kwayoyi a cikin jini. Plasmapheresis tsari ne wanda ake cire plasma mai dauke da kwayar cutar daga jini kuma a maye gurbin shi da ruwan sha mai jini ko jini.

Kulawar miki da kumburin ciki sun hada da sanyaya mai ko bushewa, sanya riguna, ko irin wannan matakan.

Ba tare da magani ba, wannan yanayin na iya zama barazanar rai. Tsananin kamuwa da cuta shine mafi saurin mutuwa.

Tare da jiyya, rashin lafiyar ya zama na ƙarshe. Illolin jiyya na iya zama mai rauni ko nakasawa.

Matsalolin PV sun haɗa da:

• Cututtukan fata na sakandare
• Rashin ruwa mai tsanani
• Sakamakon sakamako na magunguna
• Yada kamuwa da cuta ta hanyoyin jini (sepsis)

Ya kamata mai ba da lafiyar ku ya bincika duk wata cuta da ba a bayyana ba.

Kira mai ba ku sabis idan an ba ku magani don PV kuma kuna ci gaba da ɗayan waɗannan alamun bayyanar:

• Jin sanyi
• Zazzaɓi
• Jin rashin lafiyar gaba ɗaya
• Hadin gwiwa
• Ciwon tsoka
• Sabbin kumbura ko marurai

• Pemphigus vulgaris a bayanta
• Pemphigus vulgaris - raunuka a cikin bakin

Amagai M. Pemphigus. A cikin: Bolognia JL, Schaffer JV, Cerroni L, eds. Dermatology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: babi na 29.

Dinulos JGH. Ciwon jijiyoyin jini da bullous. A cikin: Dinulos JGH, ed. Habif’s Clinical Dermatology. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 16.

James WD, Elston DM, Kula da JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Na kullum blistering dermatoses. A cikin: James WD, Elston DM, Kula da JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Cututtukan Andrew na Fata. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 21.

Patterson JW. Tsarin vesiculobullous. A cikin: Patterson JW, ed. Ilimin Lafiyar Weedon. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: babi na 7.