Magungunan daji

Idan kana da cutar daji, likitanka zai ba da shawarar wata hanya ko fiye don magance cutar. Magunguna mafi mahimmanci sune tiyata, chemotherapy, da radiation. Sauran zaɓuɓɓukan sun haɗa da maganin da aka yi niyya, immunotherapy, laser, hormonal far, da sauransu. Anan akwai bayyani kan magunguna daban-daban na cutar kansa da yadda suke aiki.

Tiyata

Yin aikin tiyata magani ne na yau da kullun don nau'ikan cutar kansa. Yayin aikin, likitan ya fitar da tarin kwayoyin cutar kansa (ƙari) da wasu kayan da ke kusa. Wani lokaci, ana yin tiyata don sauƙaƙa sakamakon illa wanda ƙari ya haifar.

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy yana nufin magungunan da ake amfani dasu don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana iya ba da magungunan ta bakin ko a cikin jijiyoyin jini (IV). Ana iya ba da nau'ikan magunguna iri daban-daban a lokaci ɗaya ko ɗaya bayan ɗaya.

Radiation

Radiation yana amfani da x-rays, barbashi, ko tsaba mai kashe iska don kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Kwayoyin cutar kansa suna girma da rarraba sauri fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada a jiki. Saboda raɗaɗi yafi cutarwa ga ƙwayoyin halitta masu saurin girma, maganin raɗaɗa yana lalata ƙwayoyin kansar fiye da ƙwayoyin al'ada. Wannan yana hana kwayoyin cutar kansa girma da rarrabawa, kuma yana haifar da mutuwar kwayar halitta.

Manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan maganin radiation guda biyu sune:

• Katako na waje. Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'i. Yana nufin raƙuman radiyo ko ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙari daga wajen jiki.
• Katako na ciki. Wannan fom din yana isar da radiation cikin jikinka. Ana iya bayar da shi ta irin ƙwayoyin rediyo da aka sanya a ciki ko kusa da kumburin; wani ruwa ko kwaya da zaka hadiye; ko ta jijiyoyin jini (na jijiyoyin wuya, ko na IV).

Magungunan Kulawa

Neman da aka yi niyya yana amfani da kwayoyi don dakatar da cutar kansa daga ci gaba da yaɗuwa. Yana yin wannan tare da cutar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta fiye da sauran jiyya.

Ingantaccen ilimin kimiyar lafiyar jiki yana aiki ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin kansa da wasu ƙwayoyin al'ada. Maganin da aka yi niyya ba komai a kan takamaiman manufa (kwayoyin) a cikin kwayoyin cutar kansa. Waɗannan maƙasudin suna taka rawa game da yadda ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke girma da rayuwa. Amfani da waɗannan maƙasudin, maganin yana lalata ƙwayoyin cutar kansa don haka baza su iya yaɗuwa ba.

Magungunan farfadowa da aka yi niyya suna aiki ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Suna iya:

• Kashe tsari a cikin ƙwayoyin kansa wanda ke haifar musu da girma da yaɗuwa
• Ararrun ƙwayoyin cutar kansa su mutu da kansu
• Kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa kai tsaye

Ana ba da maganin kwantar da hankali a matsayin kwaya ko IV.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy wani nau'i ne na maganin ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da ikon jiki don yaƙar kamuwa da cuta (garkuwar jiki). Yana amfani da abubuwan da jiki ko dakin gwaje-gwaje suka yi don taimakawa tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi aiki tuƙuru ko kuma a hanyar da aka fi niyyar yaƙi da cutar kansa. Wannan yana taimakawa jikinka ya rabu da kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Immunotherapy yana aiki ta:

• Tsayawa ko jinkirta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta
• Hana cutar kansa daga yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki
• Stara ƙarfin garkuwar jiki don kawar da ƙwayoyin kansa

Wadannan kwayoyi an tsara su ne don nema da kai farmaki ga wasu sassan kwayar cutar kansa. Wasu suna da gubobi ko kuma abubuwan da ke cikin rediyo da ke haɗe da su. An ba da rigakafin rigakafi ta hanyar IV.

Hormonal Far

Ana amfani da maganin Hormone don magance cututtukan daji waɗanda ke shafar baƙuwar hormones, kamar nono, prostate, da kuma cutar sankarar jakar kwai. Yana amfani da tiyata, ko magunguna don dakatar ko toshe ƙwayoyin halittar jikin mutum. Wannan yana taimakawa jinkirin haɓakar ƙwayoyin kansa. Yin aikin ya haɗa da cire gabobin da ke yin baƙon ciki: ƙwai ko gwajin jini. Ana ba da magungunan ta hanyar allura ko kuma kamar ƙwayoyi.

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia yana amfani da zafi don lalata da kashe ƙwayoyin kansa ba tare da cutar ƙwayoyin halitta ba.

Ana iya amfani dashi don:

• Areaaramin yanki na ƙwayoyin halitta, kamar ƙari
• Bangarorin jiki, kamar wata gabar jiki ko wata gabar jiki
• Duk jiki

Ana kawo zafi daga wata na'ura a wajen jiki ko ta allura ko bincike da aka sanya a cikin ƙari.

Far Laser

Maganin Laser yana amfani da kunkuntar, katako mai haske don lalata ƙwayoyin kansa. Ana iya amfani da maganin laser

• Rushe kumburi da ci gaban da ya dace
• Rage ciwace-ciwacen daji da ke toshe ciki, hanji, ko hanji
• Taimaka wajan magance cututtukan daji, kamar zub da jini
• Alirƙiri ƙarshen jijiyoyin bayan tiyata don rage zafi
• Tirke jiragen ruwa na lymph bayan aikin tiyata don rage kumburi da kiyaye ƙwayoyin tumo daga yaɗuwa

Sau da yawa ana ba da magani ta Laser ta wani siƙiƙa, bututu mai haske wanda aka saka cikin jiki. Fibananan bakin zaren a ƙarshen bututun suna ba da haske a ƙwayoyin kansa. Hakanan ana amfani da laser a fata.

Ana amfani da laser sau da yawa tare da wasu nau'ikan maganin kansar kamar radiation da chemotherapy.

Photodynamic Far

A cikin aikin gyaran fotodynamic, mutum yana samun harbi na wani magani wanda yake kulawa da nau'in haske na musamman. Miyagun ƙwayoyi suna zaune a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa fiye da yadda yake zaune a cikin ƙwayoyin lafiya. Bayan haka, likita yana ba da haske daga laser ko wani tushe a cikin ƙwayoyin kansa. Hasken ya canza maganin zuwa wani abu wanda ke kashe ƙwayoyin kansa.

Ciwon ciki

Hakanan ana kiransa cryosurgery, wannan maganin yana amfani da iskar gas mai sanyi don daskarewa da kashe ƙwayoyin cutar kansa. Wani lokaci ana amfani dashi don magance ƙwayoyin da zasu iya zama kansa (wanda ake kira pre-cancerous cells) akan fata ko bakin mahaifa, misali. Hakanan likitoci na iya amfani da kayan aiki na musamman don isar da maganin ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa ciwace-ciwacen cikin jiki, kamar hanta ko prostate.

Tashar yanar gizon Cibiyar Cancer ta Amurka. Jiyya da illa. www.cancer.org/treatment/treatments-and-side-effects.html. An shiga Nuwamba 11, 2019.

Doroshow JH. Hanyar zuwa ga mai haƙuri tare da ciwon daji. A cikin: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Magungunan Goldman-Cecil. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 169.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Iri maganin kansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. An shiga Nuwamba 11, 2019.

• Ciwon daji