Immunotherapy don ciwon daji

Immunotherapy wani nau'i ne na maganin ciwon daji wanda ya dogara da tsarin yaƙi da kamuwa da jiki (garkuwar jiki). Yana amfani da abubuwan da jiki ko dakin gwaje-gwaje suka yi don taimakawa tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi aiki tuƙuru ko kuma a hanyar da aka fi niyyar yaƙi da cutar kansa. Wannan yana taimakawa jikinka ya rabu da kwayoyin cutar kansa.

Immunotherapy yana aiki ta:

• Tsayawa ko jinkirta haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta
• Hana cutar kansa daga yaduwa zuwa wasu sassan jiki
• Stara ƙarfin garkuwar jiki don kawar da ƙwayoyin kansa

Akwai nau'ikan rigakafin rigakafin cutar kansa.

Tsarin garkuwar jiki yana kare jiki daga kamuwa da cuta. Yana yin hakan ta hanyar gano ƙwayoyin cuta kamar ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma samar da sunadarai masu yaƙar kamuwa da cuta. Wadannan sunadarai ana kiransu antibodies.

Masana kimiyya na iya yin garkuwar jiki ta musamman a cikin dakin binciken da ke nemo kwayoyin cutar kansa maimakon kwayoyin cuta. Ana kiransu kwayoyin cuta na monoclonal, su ma nau'ikan maganin warkewa ne.

Wasu kwayoyin cuta na monoclonal suna aiki ta hanyar mannewa da kwayoyin cutar kansa. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa sauƙi ga sauran ƙwayoyin da tsarin garkuwar jiki yayi don ganowa, kai hari, da kashe ƙwayoyin.

Sauran kwayoyi masu guba suna aiki ta hanyar toshe sakonni akan farfajiyar kansar da ke gaya mata raba.

Wani nau'in kwayar cutar ta monoclonal tana daukar radiation ko wani magani na chemotherapy zuwa kwayoyin cutar kansa. Waɗannan abubuwa masu kashe kansa suna haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta na monoclonal, wanda ke isar da toxins ɗin zuwa ƙwayoyin kansa.

Ana amfani da kwayoyin cutar Monoclonal don magance yawancin nau'ikan cutar kansa.

"Abubuwan Dubawa" sune takamaiman kwayoyin akan wasu kwayoyi masu kare garkuwar jiki ko dai ya kunna ko ya kashe don samar da martani na rigakafi. Kwayoyin cutar kansa zasu iya amfani da wadannan wuraren binciken don kaucewa afkawa cikin garkuwar jiki.

Masu hana shingen shiga shinge sune sabon nau'in antibody wanda yake aiki akan waɗannan wuraren binciken don haɓaka tsarin rigakafi don haka zai iya afkawa ƙwayoyin kansar.

Masu hana PD-1 ana amfani dasu don magance nau'ikan nau'ikan ciwon daji daban-daban.

Masu hana PD-L1 magance ciwon daji na mafitsara, kansar huhu, da kuma ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta Merkel, kuma ana gwada su da wasu nau'o'in na cutar kansa.

Magunguna waɗanda ke niyya CTLA-4 magance melanoma na fata, kansar koda, da sauran nau'ikan cututtukan daji da ke nuna wasu nau'ikan maye gurbi.

Wadannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin suna kara karfin garkuwar jiki ta hanyar da ta dace fiye da kwayoyin cuta na monoclonal. Akwai manyan nau'i biyu:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) yana taimaka wa ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta su girma kuma su rarraba da sauri. Ana amfani da sigar da aka yi da ita ta IL-2 don ci gaban cututtukan kansa da cutar ciwon ciki.

Interferon alpha (INF-alfa) ya sanya wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta masu iya kai farmaki kan ƙwayoyin kansa. Yana da wuya ake amfani dashi don bi da:

• Cutar sankarar bargo mai cutar gashi
• Cutar sankarar bargo mai tsafta
• Tsarin kwayar cutar ba ta Hodgkin ba
• Cutter (fata) lymphoma T-cell
• Ciwon koda
• Melanoma
• Kaposi sarcoma

Irin wannan maganin yana amfani da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka canza a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don harba da kashe ƙwayoyin kansa. Lokacin da waɗannan ƙwayoyin suka mutu, suna sakin abubuwa da ake kira antigens. Wadannan antigens din suna fadawa garkuwar jiki cewa suyi niyya da kashe wasu kwayoyin cutar kansa a jiki.

Wannan nau'in rigakafin rigakafi a halin yanzu ana amfani dashi don magance melanoma.

Hanyoyi masu illa na nau'ikan rigakafin cutar sankara sun bambanta da nau'in magani. Wasu cututtukan lalacewa suna faruwa inda allura ko IV suka shiga cikin jiki, suna haifar da yankin ya zama:

• Ciwo ko zafi
• Kumbura
• Ja
• Chyanƙara

Sauran illolin da zasu iya hadawa sun hada da:

• Mutuwar kamar mura (zazzabi, sanyi, rauni, ciwon kai)
• Tashin zuciya da amai
• Gudawa
• Muscle ko haɗin gwiwa
• Jin kasala sosai
• Ciwon kai
• Orarami ko hawan jini
• Kumburin hanta, huhu, gabobin endocrin, sashin hanji, ko fata

Waɗannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankalin na iya haifar da mummunan rauni, wani lokacin na mutuwa, rashin lafiyan mutane a cikin mutanen da ke sane da wasu sinadarai a cikin maganin. Koyaya, wannan yana da wuya sosai.

Magungunan ilimin halitta; Biotherapy

Yanar gizo Cancer.Net. Fahimtar immunotherapy. www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/immunotherapy-and-vaccines/und fahimtaing-immunotherapy. An sabunta Janairu, 2019. An shiga Maris 27, 2020.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Kwayoyin CAR T: ƙwayoyin garkuwar marasa lafiya na injiniya don magance cutar kansa. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/research/car-t-cells. An sabunta Yuli 30, 2019. An shiga Maris 27, 2020.

Yanar gizo Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Immunotherapy don magance ciwon daji. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy. An sabunta Satumba 24, 2019. An shiga Maris 27, 2020.

Tseng D, Schultz L, Pardoll D, Mackall C. Ciwon maganin rigakafi. A cikin: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, eds. Abeloff na Clinical Oncology. Na 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: babi na 6.

• Ciwon Immunotherapy